CN112725919A - Porous active polyethylene fiber, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Porous active polyethylene fiber, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112725919A CN112725919A CN202011539286.2A CN202011539286A CN112725919A CN 112725919 A CN112725919 A CN 112725919A CN 202011539286 A CN202011539286 A CN 202011539286A CN 112725919 A CN112725919 A CN 112725919A
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- polyethylene
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/10—Filtering or de-aerating the spinning solution or melt
- D01D1/106—Filtering
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/06—Washing or drying
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
- D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/04—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
- D01F11/06—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a porous active polyethylene fiber, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of textiles. The diameter of the porous active polyethylene fiber monofilament is 20-100 mu m, wherein the surface of the porous active polyethylene fiber has a micropore structure. The preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber comprises the following steps: melting polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt; extruding the spinning melt from a spinneret orifice through metering to obtain melt trickle; cooling and forming the melt trickle to obtain solid filaments; and carrying out hot stretching treatment on the solid filaments to obtain polyethylene fibers, wherein ultrasonic water bath treatment is carried out for at least 1 time in any process or after the solid filaments are subjected to hot stretching to obtain the polyethylene fibers, so that the porous active polyethylene fibers are obtained. The use of the porous active polyethylene fiber staple fibers for dispersing into cement. The polyethylene fiber prepared by the method has a microporous structure on the surface, is high in activity, and has the characteristics of easiness in dyeing, impregnation, crosslinking, grafting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spinning, in particular to porous active polyethylene fiber, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The polyethylene fiber contains flexible macromolecular chains, and has the mechanical properties of higher strength, modulus and the like, and the characteristics of stronger wear resistance, impact resistance, low temperature resistance and the like; in terms of chemical properties, the polyethylene fiber has the properties of high crystallinity, no functional group, low surface energy and the like, so that the polyethylene fiber is stable in chemical properties, and the fiber properties are not changed under the conditions of common acid, alkali, salt and the like. Because the surface of the polyethylene fiber is smooth and flat, the interface bonding degree with other materials is low, and the phenomena of fading, paint falling and the like are easy to occur when the surface of the polyethylene fiber is dyed or painted. At present, a melt spinning process is not adopted, and the characteristics of porous activity and the like of the fiber are realized by adjusting the size and the number of fiber holes through an online process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a porous active polyethylene fiber, a preparation method and an application thereof, and the polyethylene fiber prepared by the method has a microporous structure on the surface, has high activity, and has the characteristics of easy dyeing, easy gum dipping, easy crosslinking, easy grafting and the like, thereby being more practical.
In order to achieve the first object, the technical scheme of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is as follows:
the monofilament diameter of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is 20-100 μm, wherein the surface of the porous active polyethylene fiber has a microporous structure.
The porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
Preferably, the breaking strength of the porous active polyethylene fiber is more than 8cN/dtex, the initial modulus is more than 600cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 2-5%.
Preferably, the surface micropore diameter of the porous active polyethylene fiber is 10nm-90000 nm.
In order to achieve the second object, the technical scheme of the preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) melting polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt;
2) extruding the spinning melt from a spinneret orifice through metering to obtain melt trickle;
3) cooling and forming the melt trickle to obtain solid filaments;
4) the solid filaments are subjected to hot stretching treatment to obtain polyethylene fibers,
wherein, during or after the arbitrary process of obtaining the polyethylene fiber by hot drawing the solid filaments, the porous active polyethylene fiber is obtained by carrying out ultrasonic water bath treatment for at least 1 time.
The preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
Preferably, in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt, the polyethylene resin is added with an inorganic powder.
Preferably, the addition amount of the inorganic powder is 0.3 to 10% by mass of the polyethylene resin.
Preferably, the inorganic powder is a water-soluble inorganic salt.
Preferably, the shape of the inorganic powder is one or a mixture of more of spherical, spheroidal, rod-like and irregular granular shapes, and the diameter of the inorganic powder particle is 10nm-90000 nm; wherein, the particle diameter of the inorganic powder refers to the longest distance between any two points on the surface of the particle.
Preferably, in the step of extruding the spinning melt from the spinneret orifice to obtain the melt stream through metering, the metering of the melt specifically comprises metering and conveying the melt to the spinning assembly through a metering pump.
Preferably, the spinning assembly comprises a guide plate, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, wherein,
and the melt sequentially passes through the guide plate, the distribution plate and the spinneret plate and is extruded from the spinneret orifice of the spinneret plate to obtain the melt trickle.
Preferably, the filter also comprises a first filter screen,
the first filter screen is arranged between the guide plate and the distribution plate.
Preferably, the mesh number of the first filter screen ranges from 10 to 400.
Preferably, the filter also comprises a second filter screen,
the second filter screen is arranged between the distribution plate and the spinneret plate.
Preferably, the mesh number of the second filter screen ranges from 100 to 400.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the spinneret orifices ranges from 0.1mm to 1.5mm, and the distribution number of the spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate ranges from 10 to 1000.
Preferably, the step of metering the melt to the spinning assembly by a metering pump further comprises a step of pressure monitoring, and the step of pressure monitoring specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring real-time pressure of the spinning assembly;
and comparing the real-time pressure with a preset pressure threshold value, and if the real-time pressure exceeds the preset pressure threshold value, sending a pressure alarm.
Preferably, a pressure monitoring device is arranged on the spinning assembly, and the pressure monitoring device comprises:
the pressure sensor is used for acquiring the real-time pressure of the spinning assembly;
the comparison module is used for comparing the real-time pressure of the spinning assembly with the threshold value of the preset pressure;
and the alarm module is used for giving an alarm when the real-time pressure exceeds the threshold value of the preset pressure.
Preferably, the value range of the threshold value of the preset pressure is less than or equal to 8 MPa.
Preferably, the value range of the stretch ratio of the nozzle of the spinneret orifice is 1-10 times.
Preferably, in the step of cooling and forming the melt stream to obtain the solid filaments, the cooling method is air cooling, wherein,
the air cooling adopts side blowing or circular blowing;
the air cooling mode is channel air.
Preferably, in the step of subjecting the solid filaments to a hot drawing treatment to obtain polyethylene fibers,
the length of the drafting box ranges from 4m to 8m,
the drawing temperature is in the range of 90-140 ℃;
the value range of the hot stretching multiplying power is 1-4 times;
the hot drawing is at least one stage drawing and at most three stages drawing.
Preferably, in the step of obtaining the porous active polyethylene fiber by performing ultrasonic water bath treatment at least 1 time during or after the step of obtaining the polyethylene fiber by hot drawing the solid filaments,
the value range of the ultrasonic water bath temperature is 20-80 ℃;
the travel range of the polyethylene fiber in the ultrasonic water bath is 1-8 m.
The ultrasonic water bath medium is deionized water.
Preferably, in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt, the viscosity-average molecular weight of the polyethylene resin is 8 to 100 ten thousand.
Preferably, in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt, the polyethylene resin is melted by one or a combination of a plurality of methods, such as a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder, kettle stirring, a pipeline, static mixing, and the like.
In order to achieve the third object, the technical scheme of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is as follows:
the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is obtained by the preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention.
In order to achieve the fourth object, the technical scheme of the porous active polyethylene fiber staple fiber provided by the invention is as follows:
the porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber provided by the invention is obtained by shearing the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention, wherein the surface of the porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber has a porous active structure, the monofilament diameter is 20-100 μm, and the monofilament length is 6-30 mm.
In order to achieve the fifth object, the technical scheme of the application of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides application of porous active polyethylene fiber short fibers dispersed in cement.
The porous active polyethylene fiber prepared by the preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention has micropores on the surface, improves the surface activity of the fiber, has the characteristics of easiness in dyeing, impregnation, crosslinking, grafting and the like, and can solve the problems that the surface of the existing polyethylene fiber is not easy to treat and is difficult to be compatible with other materials. For example, the fiber containing active porous polyethylene fiber is immersed into the dye solution, and the dye solution is attached to the surface of the fiber through micropores, so that the purpose of fiber dyeing is achieved, and meanwhile, the fiber is uniform in color and luster and high in color fastness. For another example, the short fibers with a certain length are prepared from the active porous polyethylene fibers and dispersed in cement, so that the cement can be reinforced and anti-cracking, and the method can be used in the field of non-reinforced buildings or buildings with special requirements.
Detailed Description
In view of the above, the invention provides a porous active polyethylene fiber, a preparation method and an application thereof, and the polyethylene fiber prepared by the method has a microporous structure on the surface, has high activity, and has the characteristics of easy dyeing, easy gum dipping, easy crosslinking, easy grafting and the like, thereby being more practical.
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given to a porous active polyethylene fiber, a preparation method and applications thereof, and specific embodiments, structures, characteristics and effects thereof according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The term "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, with the specific understanding that: both a and B may be included, a may be present alone, or B may be present alone, and any of the three cases can be provided.
The monofilament diameter of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is 20-100 μm, wherein the surface of the porous active polyethylene fiber has a microporous structure.
Wherein, the breaking strength of the porous active polyethylene fiber is more than 8cN/dtex, the initial modulus is more than 600cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 2-5%.
Wherein the pore diameter of the micropores on the surface of the porous active polyethylene fibers is 10nm-90000 nm.
The preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) melting polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt;
2) extruding the spinning melt from a spinneret orifice through metering to obtain melt trickle;
3) cooling and forming the melt trickle to obtain solid filaments;
4) the solid filaments are subjected to hot stretching treatment to obtain polyethylene fibers,
wherein, during or after the arbitrary process of obtaining the polyethylene fiber by hot drawing the solid filaments, the porous active polyethylene fiber is obtained by at least 1 time of ultrasonic water bath treatment.
Wherein, in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain the spinning melt, inorganic powder is added into the polyethylene resin.
Wherein the addition amount of the inorganic powder is 0.3-10% of the mass of the polyethylene resin.
Wherein the inorganic powder is water-soluble inorganic salt.
Wherein the inorganic powder is one or a mixture of more of spherical, spheroidal, rod-shaped and irregular granular shapes, and the diameter of the inorganic powder particle is 10nm-90000 nm.
In the step of extruding the spinning melt from the spinneret orifice to obtain the melt trickle through metering, the melt metering specifically comprises the step of metering and conveying the melt to a spinning assembly through a metering pump.
The spinning assembly comprises a guide plate, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, wherein the melt sequentially passes through the guide plate, the distribution plate and the spinneret plate and then is extruded from a spinneret orifice of the spinneret plate to obtain melt trickle.
Wherein, still include first filter screen, first filter screen sets up between guide plate and distributor plate.
Wherein, the mesh number of the first filter screen ranges from 10 to 400.
The spinneret plate is arranged between the distribution plate and the spinneret plate, and the second filter screen is arranged between the distribution plate and the spinneret plate.
Wherein, the mesh number of the second filter screen is in the range of 100-400.
Wherein the aperture range of the spinneret orifices is 0.1mm-1.5mm, and the distribution number of the spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate ranges from 10 to 1000.
The method comprises a step of conveying melt to a spinning assembly through a metering pump, and a step of monitoring pressure, wherein the step of monitoring pressure specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring real-time pressure of a spinning assembly;
and comparing the real-time pressure with a preset pressure threshold value, and if the real-time pressure exceeds the preset pressure threshold value, sending a pressure alarm.
Wherein, be provided with pressure monitoring device on the spinning subassembly, pressure monitoring device includes:
the pressure sensor is used for acquiring the real-time pressure of the spinning assembly;
the comparison module is used for comparing the real-time pressure of the spinning assembly with a preset pressure threshold value;
and the alarm module is used for giving an alarm when the real-time pressure exceeds a preset pressure threshold value.
The value range of the threshold value of the preset pressure is less than or equal to 8MPa, wherein polyethylene fibers containing uniform powder can be obtained in the pressure range, the component pressure is too high, the impurity content of a component filter screen is high, discharging is not smooth, inorganic powder is easily blocked or materials are not supplied to spinneret holes, and the phenomenon of uneven powder content or broken filaments/broken filaments is easily generated.
Wherein the value range of the stretch ratio of the nozzle of the spinneret orifice is 1-10 times.
Wherein, in the step of obtaining the solid filaments by cooling and molding the melt stream, the cooling method is air cooling, wherein the air cooling adopts side air blowing or circular air blowing; the air cooling form is channel air.
In the step of obtaining the polyethylene fiber by hot drawing the solid filaments, the length of a drawing box ranges from 4m to 8m, and the drawing temperature ranges from 90 ℃ to 140 ℃; the value range of the hot stretching multiplying power is 1-4 times; the hot drawing is at least one stage drawing and at most three stages drawing.
Wherein, in any process or after the solid filaments are subjected to hot drawing to obtain the polyethylene fibers, ultrasonic water bath treatment is carried out for at least 1 time to obtain the porous active polyethylene fibers, and the value range of the ultrasonic water bath temperature is 20-80 ℃; the travel range of the polyethylene fiber in the ultrasonic water bath is 1m-8 m; the ultrasonic water bath medium is deionized water.
Wherein, in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain the spinning melt, the viscosity-average molecular weight of the polyethylene resin is 8-100 ten thousand.
In the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain the spinning melt, the polyethylene resin is melted by one or more of a single-screw extruder, a double-screw extruder, kettle-type stirring, a pipeline, static mixing and the like.
The porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention is obtained by the preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention.
The porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber provided by the invention is sheared to obtain the porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber, wherein the surface of the porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber has a porous active structure, the diameter of each monofilament is 20-100 mu m, and the length of each monofilament is 6-30 mm.
The porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber provided by the invention is dispersed in cement, and the cement has the properties of strength increase and cracking resistance.
The porous active polyethylene fiber prepared by the preparation method of the porous active polyethylene fiber provided by the invention has micropores on the surface, improves the surface activity of the fiber, has the characteristics of easiness in dyeing, impregnation, crosslinking, grafting and the like, and can solve the problems that the surface of the existing polyethylene fiber is not easy to treat and is difficult to be compatible with other materials. For example, the fiber containing active porous polyethylene fiber is immersed into the dye solution, and the dye solution is attached to the surface of the fiber through micropores, so that the purpose of fiber dyeing is achieved, and meanwhile, the fiber is uniform in color and luster and high in color fastness. For another example, the short fibers with a certain length are prepared from the active porous polyethylene fibers and dispersed in cement, so that the cement can be reinforced and anti-cracking, and the method can be used in the field of non-reinforced buildings or buildings with special requirements.
Example 1
The sodium chloride with the diameter of 500nm is dispersed into the polyethylene resin with the viscosity-average molecular weight of 8 ten thousand (the adding amount of the sodium chloride is 10 percent of the mass of the polyethylene resin), the polyethylene melt is obtained by melt extrusion through a double-screw extruder, and the polyethylene melt is metered through a metering pump and then extruded through spinneret orifices with the aperture of 0.6mm and the number of 10 orifices to form melt trickle, wherein the mesh numbers of the first filter screen and the second filter screen are respectively 10 meshes and 100 meshes. And (3) circularly blowing the melt trickle at 20 ℃ and solidifying by channel air with the length of 4m to obtain the solid filaments. The solid silk is subjected to 3 times of drafting at 138 ℃ and then enters an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, the temperature of the water bath is 60 ℃, and the stroke of the silk bundle in the ultrasonic water bath is 4 m. Finally obtaining the porous polyethylene fiber with the surface having the average diameter of 500nm, the breaking strength of the fiber is 8cN/dtex, the initial modulus is 600cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 2 percent
Example 2
Sodium chloride with the diameter of 10000nm is dispersed into polyethylene resin with the viscosity average molecular weight of 100 ten thousand (the adding amount of the sodium chloride is 3 percent of the mass of the polyethylene resin), the polyethylene melt is obtained by melt extrusion through a double screw extruder, the polyethylene melt is metered by a metering pump and then is extruded through spinneret orifices with the aperture of 0.6mm and the number of 100 orifices to form melt trickle, wherein the mesh number of the first filter screen and the second filter screen is respectively 10 meshes and 100 meshes. And (3) circularly blowing the melt trickle at 20 ℃ and solidifying by channel air with the length of 4m to obtain the solid filaments. The solid silk is subjected to 3 times of drafting at 138 ℃ and then enters an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, the temperature of the water bath is 60 ℃, and the stroke of the silk bundle in the ultrasonic water bath is 4 m. Finally, the porous polyethylene fiber with the surface having the average diameter of 10000nm is obtained, the breaking strength of the fiber is 10cN/dtex, the initial modulus is 600cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 3%.
Example 3
Dispersing sodium chloride with the diameter of 500nm into polyethylene resin with the viscosity average molecular weight of 10 ten thousand (the adding amount of the sodium chloride is 1 percent of the mass of the polyethylene resin), melting and extruding the polyethylene resin by a double-screw extruder to obtain polyethylene melt, metering the polyethylene melt by a metering pump, and extruding the polyethylene melt by spinneret orifices with the aperture of 0.6mm and the orifice number of 1000 to form melt trickle, wherein the mesh numbers of the first filter screen and the second filter screen are respectively 50 meshes and 400 meshes. And (3) circularly blowing the melt trickle at 40 ℃ and solidifying by channel air with the length of 4m to obtain the solid filaments. The solid silk is drafted by 2 times at 125 ℃, and then enters an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, the temperature of the water bath is 40 ℃, and the travel of the silk bundle in the ultrasonic water bath is 8 m. Finally, the porous polyethylene fiber with the surface having the average diameter of 500nm is obtained, the fiber diameter is 80 mu m, the fiber breaking strength is 15cN/dtex, the initial modulus is 1000cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 5%. And shearing to obtain the porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber with the length of 25 mm.
Example 4
Dispersing sodium chloride with the diameter of 500nm into polyethylene resin with the viscosity average molecular weight of 60 ten thousand (the adding amount of the sodium chloride is 1 percent of the mass of the polyethylene resin), melting and extruding the polyethylene resin by a double-screw extruder to obtain polyethylene melt, metering the polyethylene melt by a metering pump, and extruding the polyethylene melt by spinneret orifices with the aperture of 0.6mm and the orifice number of 200 to form melt trickle, wherein the mesh numbers of the first filter screen and the second filter screen are respectively 100 meshes and 100 meshes. And (3) circularly blowing the melt trickle at 40 ℃ and solidifying by channel air with the length of 4m to obtain the solid filaments. And then the filament bundle enters an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, the temperature of the water bath is 60 ℃, and the stroke of the filament bundle in the ultrasonic water bath is 4 m. And then drawing at 140 ℃ and 3 times to finally obtain the porous polyethylene fiber with the average diameter of 600nm on the surface, wherein the fiber is dyed, the color fastness is 4-5 grade, the color is uniform, the breaking strength of the fiber is 20cN/dtex, and the breaking elongation is 2%.
Example 5
The potassium chloride with the diameter of 600nm is dispersed into polyethylene resin with the viscosity average molecular weight of 60 ten thousand (the adding amount of the potassium chloride is 0.3 percent of the mass of the polyethylene resin), the polyethylene melt is obtained by melt extrusion through a double-screw extruder, the polyethylene melt is metered by a metering pump and then is extruded through spinneret orifices with the aperture of 1mm and the number of 50 orifices to form melt trickle, wherein the mesh number of a first filter screen and a second filter screen is respectively 100 meshes and 400 meshes. . And (3) circularly blowing the melt trickle at 40 ℃ and solidifying by channel air with the length of 4m to obtain the solid filaments. And (3) putting the solid silk into an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, wherein the water bath temperature is 60 ℃, and the stroke of the silk bundle in the ultrasonic water bath is 4 m. And then drawing at 125 ℃ by 3 times, then putting into an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, wherein the water bath temperature is 40 ℃, the travel of the filament bundle in the ultrasonic water bath is 4m, and finally obtaining the porous polyethylene fiber with the average diameter of 600nm on the surface, the fiber breaking strength of 20cN/dtex, the modulus of 1500cN/dtex, and the elongation at break of 2%.
Example 6
Dispersing potassium chloride with the diameter of 9000nm into polyethylene resin with the viscosity-average molecular weight of 80 ten thousand (the addition amount of the potassium chloride is 0.3 percent of the mass of the polyethylene resin), performing melt extrusion by a double-screw extruder to obtain polyethylene melt, metering by a metering pump, and extruding by spinneret holes with the aperture of 0.6mm and the number of holes of 10 to form melt trickle, wherein the mesh numbers of the first filter screen and the second filter screen are respectively 10 meshes and 100 meshes. . And (3) circularly blowing the melt trickle at 40 ℃ and solidifying by channel air with the length of 4m to obtain the solid filaments. The solid filaments are drafted by 3 times at 120 ℃, and then enter an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, the water bath temperature is 40 ℃, the travel of filament bundles in the ultrasonic water bath is 4m, porous polyethylene fibers with the average diameter of 10000nm on the surface are finally obtained, the fiber diameter is 80 mu m, the fiber breaking strength is 15cN/dtex, the initial modulus is 1000cN/dtex, porous active polyethylene fiber short fibers with the length of 30mm are obtained by shearing, the short fibers are doped into common portland cement, and the strength of the obtained composite cement is obviously enhanced and has obvious anti-cracking capability.
Example 7
The potassium chloride with the diameter of 600nm is dispersed into polyethylene resin with the viscosity average molecular weight of 80 ten thousand (the adding amount of the potassium chloride is 10 percent of the mass of the polyethylene resin), the polyethylene melt is obtained by melt extrusion through a double screw extruder, the polyethylene melt is metered by a metering pump and then is extruded through spinneret orifices with the aperture of 1.5mm and the number of 10 orifices to form melt trickle, wherein the mesh number of a first filter screen and a second filter screen is respectively 10 meshes and 100 meshes. . And (3) circularly blowing the melt trickle at 40 ℃ and solidifying by channel air with the length of 4m to obtain the solid filaments. And (3) putting the solid silk into an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, wherein the water bath temperature is 60 ℃, and the stroke of the silk bundle in the ultrasonic water bath is 4 m. And then drawing at 140 ℃ and 3 times, then putting into an ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic washing, wherein the water bath temperature is 60 ℃, the stroke of a tow in the ultrasonic water bath is 4m, finally obtaining porous polyethylene fiber with the average diameter of 600nm on the surface, the fiber diameter is 30 mu m, the fiber breaking strength is 10cN/dtex, the initial modulus is 700cN/dtex, and the breaking elongation is 2%, after dyeing treatment, the fiber color is uniform, the color fastness is 4 grade, obtaining porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber with the length of 30mm through shearing, and doping the short fiber into ordinary portland cement to obtain the composite cement with obviously enhanced strength and obvious cracking resistance.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The porous active polyethylene fiber is characterized in that the monofilament diameter of the porous active polyethylene fiber is 20-100 μm, wherein the surface of the porous active polyethylene fiber has a micropore structure.
2. The porous active polyethylene fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous active polyethylene fiber has a breaking strength of more than 8cN/dtex, an initial modulus of more than 600cN/dtex, and an elongation at break of 2-5%.
3. The porous active polyethylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein the surface micropore size of the porous active polyethylene fiber is 10nm to 90000 nm.
4. A process for the preparation of porous active polyethylene fibres according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
1) melting polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt;
2) extruding the spinning melt from a spinneret orifice through metering to obtain melt trickle;
3) cooling and forming the melt trickle to obtain solid filaments;
4) the solid filaments are subjected to hot stretching treatment to obtain polyethylene fibers,
wherein, during or after the arbitrary process of obtaining the polyethylene fiber by hot drawing the solid filaments, the porous active polyethylene fiber is obtained by carrying out ultrasonic water bath treatment for at least 1 time.
5. The method for producing porous active polyethylene fibers according to claim 4, wherein in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt, an inorganic powder is added to the polyethylene resin.
6. The method for preparing porous active polyethylene fibers according to claim 5, wherein the amount of the inorganic powder added is 0.3-10% by mass of the polyethylene resin.
7. The method for preparing porous active polyethylene fiber according to claim 5, wherein the inorganic powder is water-soluble inorganic salt;
preferably, the shape of the inorganic powder is one or a mixture of more of spherical, spheroidal, rod-like and irregular granular shapes, and the diameter of the inorganic powder particle is 10nm-90000 nm;
preferably, in the step of extruding the spinning melt from a spinneret orifice to obtain a melt stream through metering, the metering of the melt specifically comprises the step of metering and conveying the melt to a spinning assembly through a metering pump;
preferably, the spinning assembly comprises a guide plate, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, wherein,
the melt sequentially passes through the guide plate, the distribution plate and the spinneret plate and is extruded from spinneret orifices of the spinneret plate to obtain melt trickle;
preferably, the spinning assembly further comprises a first screen,
the first filter screen is arranged between the guide plate and the distribution plate;
preferably, the mesh number of the first filter screen ranges from 10 to 400;
preferably, the spinning assembly further comprises a second screen,
the second filter screen is arranged between the distribution plate and the spinneret plate;
preferably, the mesh number of the second filter screen ranges from 100-;
preferably, the pore diameter of the spinneret orifices ranges from 0.1mm to 1.5mm, and the distribution number of the spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate ranges from 10 to 1000;
preferably, the step of metering the melt to the spinning assembly by a metering pump further comprises a step of pressure monitoring, and the step of pressure monitoring specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring real-time pressure of the spinning assembly;
comparing the real-time pressure with a preset pressure threshold value, and if the real-time pressure exceeds the preset pressure threshold value, sending a pressure alarm;
preferably, a pressure monitoring device is arranged on the spinning assembly, and the pressure monitoring device comprises:
the pressure sensor is used for acquiring the real-time pressure of the spinning assembly;
the comparison module is used for comparing the real-time pressure of the spinning assembly with the threshold value of the preset pressure;
the alarm module is used for giving an alarm when the real-time pressure exceeds the threshold value of the preset pressure;
preferably, the value range of the threshold value of the preset pressure is less than or equal to 8 MPa;
preferably, the value range of the stretch ratio of the nozzle of the spinneret orifice is 1-10 times;
preferably, in the step of cooling and forming the melt stream to obtain the solid filaments, the cooling method is air cooling, wherein,
the air cooling adopts side blowing or circular blowing;
the air cooling mode is channel air;
preferably, in the step of subjecting the solid filaments to a hot drawing treatment to obtain polyethylene fibers,
the length of the drafting box ranges from 4m to 8m,
the drawing temperature is in the range of 90-140 ℃;
the value range of the hot stretching multiplying power is 1-4 times;
the hot drawing is at least one-stage drawing and at most three-stage drawing;
preferably, in the step of obtaining the porous active polyethylene fiber by performing ultrasonic water bath treatment at least 1 time during or after the step of obtaining the polyethylene fiber by hot drawing the solid filaments,
the value range of the ultrasonic water bath temperature is 20-80 ℃;
the travel range of the polyethylene fiber in the ultrasonic water bath is 1-8 m;
the ultrasonic water bath medium is deionized water;
preferably, in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt, the viscosity-average molecular weight of the polyethylene resin is 8 to 100 ten thousand;
preferably, in the step of melting the polyethylene resin to obtain a spinning melt, the polyethylene resin is melted by one or a combination of a plurality of methods, such as a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder, kettle stirring, a pipeline, static mixing, and the like.
8. A porous active polyethylene fiber obtained by the method for producing a porous active polyethylene fiber according to any one of claims 4 to 7.
9. A porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber is obtained by shearing the porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 8, wherein the surface of the porous active polyethylene fiber short fiber has a porous active structure, the monofilament diameter is 20 μm-100 μm, and the length is 6mm-30 mm.
10. Use of the porous active polyethylene fiber staple fibers of claim 9 dispersed into cement.
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