CN112725630A - Method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag - Google Patents

Method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112725630A
CN112725630A CN202011615318.2A CN202011615318A CN112725630A CN 112725630 A CN112725630 A CN 112725630A CN 202011615318 A CN202011615318 A CN 202011615318A CN 112725630 A CN112725630 A CN 112725630A
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cesium
rubidium
solution
sodium chloride
lithium
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李良彬
江证
廖辉武
马木林
敖新宜
章小明
王超强
李玲玲
许鑫
谢绍忠
彭爱平
罗旭彪
杨利明
石慧
邵鹏辉
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Jiangxi Ganfeng Cycle Technology Co ltd
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Jiangxi Ganfeng Cycle Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04Working-up slag
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag. The method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving sodium chloride slag in water to form a solution, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, concentrating the solution to a liquid level of 1/3-1/4, and performing pressure filtration on the concentrated solution to extract a filtrate; (2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 0.5-1mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer; (3) adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extracting agent consisting of t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, and stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected. The method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag not only solves the problem of low-concentration rubidium, cesium and lithium enrichment, but also solves the problem of recycling rubidium, cesium and lithium from solid slag, and is low in recycling cost and short in production cycle.

Description

Method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of element separation, in particular to a method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag.
Background
Rubidium and cesium are rare alkali metals with good photoelectric characteristics and chemical activity, and have wide application in the fields of national defense, medicine, new energy, aerospace and the like. Rubidium and cesium are used as rare metal elements and are widely distributed, and are present in lepidolite, pollucite, potassium feldspar, salt lake brine and geothermal water.
At present, the basic raw materials of industrial production of rubidium and cesium mainly include solid ores such as pollucite and lepidolite, after extraction and production, the extraction production efficiency of low-concentration rubidium and cesium is low, and in order to improve the production efficiency, a part of rubidium and cesium is basically enriched in solid slag after evaporation and concentration, so that the extraction of rare metal elements such as rubidium and cesium from rubidium and cesium sodium chloride slag has important significance for the sustainable development of rubidium and cesium extraction and recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of extracting rubidium cesium lithium from a sodium chloride slag, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving sodium chloride slag in water to form a solution, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, concentrating the solution to a liquid level of 1/3-1/4, and performing pressure filtration on the concentrated solution to extract a filtrate;
(2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 0.5-1mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer;
(3) adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extracting agent consisting of t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, and stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected;
(4) and (4) washing the extractant in the step (3) with water, performing back extraction with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain mixed solution of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride, and performing extraction separation on rubidium and cesium to obtain rubidium salt and cesium salt products.
Further, the alkalinity of the extracting agent t-BAMBP extracting filtrate in the step (2) is 0.5-1 mol/L.
Further, the volume ratio of the extracting agent consisting of the t-BAMBP, the diethylbenzene and the sulfonated kerosene prepared in the step (3) is 1:2: 4.
Further, the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid used for back extraction in the step (4) is 1-2 mol/L.
According to the invention, sodium chloride slag is dissolved in water, then the temperature is raised, the concentration, the cooling crystallization, the filtration and the extraction of filtrate are carried out, sodium hydroxide is added into the filtrate for extraction by t-BAMBP, and rubidium and cesium are separated and extracted from the rubidium and cesium sodium chloride slag through water washing and back extraction, so that the problem of enrichment of low-concentration rubidium, cesium and lithium is solved, the problem of recovery of rubidium, cesium and lithium from solid slag is solved, the recovery cost is low, and the production period is short.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a process for extracting rubidium and cesium from sodium chloride slag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving sodium chloride residue in water, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust pH of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, concentrating to 1/3-1/4, press-filtering the concentrated solution, and extracting filtrate.
(2) And (2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 0.5-1mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer to prepare a pre-extraction solution.
(3) Adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extraction agent consisting of prepared t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, fully stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected, achieving the purpose of recycling rubidium and cesium, and carrying out chemical reaction as follows: m + + nROH + OH- = ROM (n-1) ROH + H2O.
(4) And (4) washing the extractant in the step (3) with water, performing back extraction with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain a mixed solution of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride with high concentration, and performing extraction separation on rubidium and cesium to obtain qualified rubidium salt and cesium salt products.
Further, the sodium chloride slag is produced by solving the problem of low concentration of rubidium and cesium and improving the recovery efficiency of rubidium and cesium.
Further, the alkalinity of the extracting agent t-BAMBP extracting filtrate in the step (2) is 0.5-1 mol/L.
Further, the volume ratio of the extracting agent consisting of the t-BAMBP, the diethylbenzene and the sulfonated kerosene prepared in the step (3) is 1:2: 4.
Further, the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid used for back extraction in the step (4) is 1-2 mol/L.
According to the invention, sodium chloride slag is dissolved in water, then the temperature is raised, the concentration, the cooling crystallization, the filtration and the extraction of filtrate are carried out, sodium hydroxide is added into the filtrate for extraction by t-BAMBP, and rubidium and cesium are separated and extracted from the rubidium and cesium sodium chloride slag through water washing and back extraction, so that the problem of enrichment of low-concentration rubidium, cesium and lithium is solved, the problem of recovery of rubidium, cesium and lithium from solid slag is solved, the recovery cost is low, and the production period is short.
Example 1
A method for recovering rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving rubidium and cesium sodium chloride wet material in water in a ratio of 1:4, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, and carrying out filter pressing on the solution to obtain filtrate.
(2) And (2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 1.0mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer to prepare a pre-extraction solution.
(3) Adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extraction agent consisting of prepared t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, fully stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected, achieving the purpose of recycling rubidium and cesium, and carrying out chemical reaction as follows: m + + nROH + OH- = ROM (n-1) ROH + H2O.
(4) And (3) washing rubidium and cesium in the extractant in the step (3) with water, performing back extraction with 1.0mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain a mixed solution of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride with high concentration, and performing extraction separation on rubidium and cesium to obtain qualified rubidium salt and cesium salt products.
In the present example, the recovery rate of rubidium, cesium and lithium extracted from the sodium chloride slag was 97.6%.
Example 2
(1) Dissolving sodium chloride residue in water at a ratio of 1:5, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, and press-filtering the solution to obtain filtrate.
(2) And (2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 1.0mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer to prepare a pre-extraction solution.
(3) Adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extraction agent consisting of prepared t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, fully stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected, achieving the purpose of recycling rubidium and cesium, and carrying out chemical reaction as follows: m + + nROH + OH- = ROM (n-1) ROH + H2O.
(4) And (3) washing rubidium and cesium in the extractant in the step (3) with water, performing back extraction with 1.0mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain a mixed solution of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride with high concentration, and performing extraction separation on rubidium and cesium to obtain qualified rubidium salt and cesium salt products.
In the present example, the recovery rate of rubidium, cesium and lithium extracted from the sodium chloride slag was 98.7%.
Example 3
(1) Dissolving sodium chloride residue in water at a ratio of 1:6, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, and press-filtering the solution to obtain filtrate.
(2) And (2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 1.0mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer to prepare a pre-extraction solution.
(3) Adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extraction agent consisting of prepared t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, fully stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected, achieving the purpose of recycling rubidium and cesium, and carrying out chemical reaction as follows: m + + nROH + OH- = ROM (n-1) ROH + H2O.
(4) And (3) washing rubidium and cesium in the extractant in the step (3) with water, performing back extraction with 1.0mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain a mixed solution of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride with high concentration, and performing extraction separation on rubidium and cesium to obtain qualified rubidium salt and cesium salt products.
In the present example, the recovery rate of rubidium, cesium and lithium extracted from the sodium chloride slag was 95.6%.
Example 4
(1) Dissolving sodium chloride residue in water at a ratio of 1:5, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, and press-filtering the solution to obtain filtrate.
(2) And (2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 0.5mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer to prepare a pre-extraction solution.
(3) Adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extraction agent consisting of prepared t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, fully stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected, achieving the purpose of recycling rubidium and cesium, and carrying out chemical reaction as follows: m + + nROH + OH- = ROM (n-1) ROH + H2O.
(4) And (3) washing rubidium and cesium in the extractant in the step (3) with water, performing back extraction with 1.0mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain a mixed solution of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride with high concentration, and performing extraction separation on rubidium and cesium to obtain qualified rubidium salt and cesium salt products.
In the present example, the recovery rate of rubidium, cesium and lithium extracted from the sodium chloride slag was 94.6%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating specific embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving sodium chloride slag in water to form a solution, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 2-3, heating and concentrating the solution, concentrating the solution to a liquid level of 1/3-1/4, and performing pressure filtration on the concentrated solution to extract a filtrate;
(2) adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), preparing a rubidium-cesium solution with the alkalinity of 0.5-1mol/L, and continuously stirring for 20-40min by using a stirrer;
(3) adding the solution treated in the step (2) into an extracting agent consisting of t-BAMBP, diethylbenzene and sulfonated kerosene, and stirring until rubidium and cesium in the solution are not detected;
(4) and (4) washing the extractant in the step (3) with water, performing back extraction with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain mixed solution of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride, and performing extraction separation on rubidium and cesium to obtain rubidium salt and cesium salt products.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag, wherein the method comprises: the alkalinity of the extracting agent t-BAMBP extracting filtrate in the step (2) is 0.5-1 mol/L.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag, wherein the method comprises: the volume ratio of the extracting agent consisting of the t-BAMBP, the diethylbenzene and the sulfonated kerosene prepared in the step (3) is 1:2: 4.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag, wherein the method comprises: the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid used for back extraction in the step (4) is 1-2 mol/L.
CN202011615318.2A 2020-12-31 2020-12-31 Method for extracting rubidium, cesium and lithium from sodium chloride slag Pending CN112725630A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103787375A (en) * 2014-02-19 2014-05-14 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Method for extracting rubidium salt and cesium salt
US20150167118A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2015-06-18 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Alkali metal and/or alkali earth metal extraction method
CN105256150A (en) * 2015-10-26 2016-01-20 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Method for extracting rubdium and cesium from acid brine
CN105803188A (en) * 2016-05-30 2016-07-27 江西旭锂矿业有限公司 Method for preferential segregation of potassium, rubidium and cesium through chloridizing roasting treatment of lepidolite
CN107217156A (en) * 2017-04-12 2017-09-29 天齐锂业股份有限公司 The method that rubidium cesium salt is extracted from spodumene lithium liquor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150167118A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2015-06-18 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Alkali metal and/or alkali earth metal extraction method
CN103787375A (en) * 2014-02-19 2014-05-14 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Method for extracting rubidium salt and cesium salt
CN105256150A (en) * 2015-10-26 2016-01-20 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Method for extracting rubdium and cesium from acid brine
CN105803188A (en) * 2016-05-30 2016-07-27 江西旭锂矿业有限公司 Method for preferential segregation of potassium, rubidium and cesium through chloridizing roasting treatment of lepidolite
CN107217156A (en) * 2017-04-12 2017-09-29 天齐锂业股份有限公司 The method that rubidium cesium salt is extracted from spodumene lithium liquor

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