CN112725566A - Method for inhibiting local deformation plastic instability behavior of medium and high manganese steel - Google Patents
Method for inhibiting local deformation plastic instability behavior of medium and high manganese steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile steel, and mainly relates to a method for inhibiting local deformation plasticity instability behavior of medium and high manganese steel. The electric pulse treatment is carried out before the annealing, in the annealing process or after the annealing of the medium-high manganese steel, even the electric pulse synchronous loading is carried out in the deformation process, the nucleation and the propagation of a local deformation zone can be inhibited, and the fluctuation amplitude of stress saw teeth is weakened or even disappears on a stress-strain curve. Wherein the pulse current density is 3-100A/mm2The frequency is 50-5000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 1-3600 s. In addition, the electric pulse treatment process can also enhance the work hardening capacity of the medium manganese steel and improve the tensile strength. The process has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, simple operation, wide process window and good industrial application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production of advanced high-strength steel plate coils for automobiles, and discloses a novel electric pulse treatment process developed on the basis of eliminating plastic instability of medium-high manganese steel on the premise of ensuring the mechanical property of the medium-high manganese steel.
Technical Field
The main problems facing the current automotive industry include fuel efficiency problems, greenhouse gas emissions problems and automotive crash safety problems. In the production process of the automobile, a large amount of advanced high-strength steel is used, and the realization of the light weight of the automobile is an effective way for solving the problems at the same time. To date, advanced high strength steels have undergone three generations of development. The first generation of advanced high-strength steel belongs to the category of low alloy steel, the strength can reach more than 1000MPa, but the low elongation rate makes the high-strength steel not applicable to complex stamping parts. The second generation advanced high-strength steel has good comprehensive mechanical properties, and the most typical representative is high-manganese TWIP (twinning induced plasticity) steel. Due to the high alloy content, the large-scale popularization, production and use are difficult. On the basis of the above, the american association of the steel industry with the automobile industry has proposed the concept of third generation automobile steel. The third generation advanced high-strength automobile steel is new generation advanced high-strength steel with mechanical property obviously superior to that of the first generation and alloy content obviously lower than that of the second generation. The third generation of advanced high strength steel currently under development includes lightweight (lightweight) steel, Q & P (queuing and refining) steel and medium manganese steel (Mn: 5-10 wt%). The medium manganese steel is concerned by scientists all over the world with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and lower alloy cost, and is known as the third-generation advanced high-strength automobile steel with the most development potential.
However, a large number of experimental studies have shown that medium and high manganese steels with excellent mechanical properties often undergo severe plastic destabilization during deformation, and mainly show two forms on local deformation zones, namely the luders zone and the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) zone. The luders' band is the region where local deformation occurs at the beginning of the decrease in yield point, corresponding to the yield plateau on the engineering stress-strain curve during propagation; PLC bands represent various irregular non-uniformly deformed bands that correspond to different forms of stress serrations on the tensile curve. The local deformation plasticity instability can cause strip-shaped wrinkles on the surface of the deformed material, so that the structural stability of the material is weakened and even the material fails early under certain conditions, which becomes a key factor for limiting the popularization and application of the medium and high manganese steel and also becomes a hotspot problem in the basic research field of the medium and high manganese steel.
The low alloy ferritic/pearlitic steel is also subjected to nucleation and propagation of the luders' band during deformation (the stress-strain curve shows a yield plateau) but hardly accompanies the occurrence of the PLC phenomenon (the stress-strain curve shows stress serrations), so that the instability of plastic deformation in the early stage of deformation can be suppressed by the pre-deformation treatment. For medium and high manganese steel, nucleation and propagation of a Luders band and a PLC band are generated simultaneously in the deformation process, the Luders strain is large, and the phenomenon of plastic instability is difficult to completely inhibit through pre-deformation treatment. In addition, the existing research tries to achieve the aim of inhibiting the nucleation and the propagation of local deformation bands by adjusting the microstructure and the deformation temperature of the medium-high manganese steel before deformation. However, such methods tend to significantly reduce their strength and plasticity. Therefore, iron and steel material scientists in various countries are always exploring methods capable of ensuring the mechanical properties of medium and high manganese steel and eliminating plastic instability.
The phenomenon of local deformation plastic instability is caused by the interaction between interstitial atoms and dislocations. The electric pulse acts on the metal material, so that the interaction between interstitial atoms and dislocation can be influenced, and the aim of improving the strength and the toughness simultaneously by promoting the recrystallization and refining grains can be fulfilled. Based on the above, the applicant firstly proposes that the electric pulse treatment process is applied to the field of medium and high manganese steel with obvious plastic instability phenomenon so as to achieve the purposes of simultaneously eliminating the plastic instability and improving the mechanical performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention introduces an electric pulse treatment process applied to medium and high manganese steel, which can simultaneously inhibit nucleation and propagation of a Luders belt and a PLC belt during the tensile deformation of the steel grade and can improve the work hardening capacity and the tensile strength on the premise of ensuring certain plasticity.
The invention aims at the steel grade
The invention mainly aims at high-strength high-plasticity medium and high manganese steel. The range of the components is as follows: 0.1-1 wt.% C, 3-30 wt.% Mn, 0-3 wt.% Al, 0-3 wt.% Si, 0-1 wt.% V/Nb/Ti, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities. The present invention also includes a derivative steel grade alloyed with Cu, Ni, Mo, Gr, etc. in addition to the above components.
A method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of medium and high manganese steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: before critical annealing, in the critical annealing process and after critical annealing, electric pulse treatment is carried out on medium-high manganese steel (0.1-1% of C, 3-30% of Mn, 0-3% of Al, 0-3% of Si, 0-1% of V/Nb/Ti, Cu/Ni/Mo/Cr),or the synchronous loading of electric pulses in the deformation process can inhibit or even eliminate plastic instability; wherein the pulse current is 3-100A/mm2The frequency is 50-20000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 1-3600 s.
The method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of the medium and high manganese steel comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, carrying out hot rolling on a medium-high manganese steel casting blank to obtain a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 3-8 mm;
and 3, performing electric pulse treatment on the hot-rolled, warm-rolled and cold-rolled steel plates prepared in the step 3 according to one of four conditions of synchronously loading electric pulses before critical annealing, in the critical annealing process, after the critical annealing process or in the deformation process.
Further, the electric pulse treatment process before critical annealing is as follows: firstly, the steel plate is subjected to electric pulse treatment, and the pulse current density is 3-45A/mm2The frequency is 50-10000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 50-90%, the treatment time is 10-3600 s, and the temperature of the steel plate is controlled not to exceed 300 ℃ by adopting water cooling or forced air cooling; annealing at the temperature range of 300-900 ℃ for 10 s-10 h after electric pulse treatment; and finally air cooling or water quenching to room temperature.
Further, the electric pulse treatment process in the critical annealing is as follows: annealing by adopting an electric pulse auxiliary heating mode, wherein the temperature is 300-900 ℃, and the time is 10 s-10 h; the specific operation process is that electric pulses are introduced in the annealing process, and the current density is 30-100A/m2The frequency is 50-20000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 10-3600 s.
Further, the electric pulse treatment process after critical annealing is as follows: firstly, annealing at 300-900 ℃ for 10 s-10 h, and air cooling or water quenching to room temperature; after rust removal and decontamination of the surface of the steel plate, electric pulse treatment is carried out, and the pulse current density is 3-60A/mm2The frequency is 50-20000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 50-90%, and the processing time is 10-3600 s; the temperature of the steel plate is controlled not to exceed 300 ℃ in the electric pulse treatment process by adopting water cooling or forced air cooling.
Further, the synchronous loading electric pulse treatment process in the deformation process is as follows: the steel plate is firstly subjected to critical annealing treatment, and is cooled in air or quenched in water to room temperature; synchronously loading electric pulses in the process of stretching deformation or punch forming; current density of 3-15A/m2The frequency is 50-10000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 10-3600 s; air cooling to room temperature; forced air cooling is adopted in the process of synchronously loading high-current electric pulses, so that the temperature of the steel plate is lower than 150 ℃.
Further, the steel sheet produced by the present invention has a microstructure composed of an austenite single-phase structure or a ferrite + austenite dual-phase structure, and sometimes contains martensite and a precipitated phase.
Furthermore, before critical annealing, in the critical annealing process or after the critical annealing, the electric pulse treatment can inhibit or even eliminate the nucleation and the propagation of the local deformation zone in the deformation process of the medium-high manganese steel.
The invention applies the electric pulse treatment process to the medium and high manganese steel for the first time, which not only can eliminate the instability of plastic deformation, but also can improve the work hardening capacity and the tensile strength. The electrical pulse treatment has a wide process window. Pulse current of 3-100A/m2The frequency is 50-20000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 1-3600 s.
The principle of the design of electrical pulse treatment at different process stages is based on the fact that both nucleation and propagation of the luders and PLC bands are caused by the interaction between interstitial atoms and dislocations.
Electric pulse treatment before and after annealing: the pulse current density should not be too low (>3A/mm2) Otherwise, the purpose of promoting the diffusion of C atoms cannot be achieved; at the same time, the pulse current density should not be too high (<60A/mm2) Too long time (<3600s) otherwise the electrical pulse thermal effect promotes grain coarsening which significantly reduces the strength and toughness of the material.
In the annealing process: the pulse current density should not be too low (>30A/mm2) The time is not short enough, otherwise, the aim of promoting recrystallization to refine grains is difficult to achieve at high temperature, but the pulse current and the time are set to ensure the thermal effectThe temperature rise should be no higher than the target annealing temperature.
Synchronously loading electric pulses in the stretching deformation process: the pulse current generally cannot exceed 15A/mm2Because the thermal effect of the electric pulse during the deformation process causes the strength and plasticity of the material to be remarkably reduced when the temperature is increased to 200 ℃.
By adopting the electric pulse treatment process, nucleation and propagation of a local deformation zone in the deformation process can be inhibited, and the work hardening rate and strength can be improved on the premise of keeping certain plasticity.
The invention is mainly applied to rolled materials, and mainly comprises a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 3-8 mm, a warm rolled plate with the thickness of 1-3 mm and a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 1-3 mm.
According to the invention, before the medium-high manganese steel is annealed, in the annealing process or after the annealing process, the electric pulse treatment is carried out, even the electric pulse synchronous loading is carried out in the deformation process, the nucleation and the propagation of a local deformation zone can be inhibited, and the fluctuation amplitude of stress sawtooth is weakened or even disappears on a strain-strain curve. Wherein the pulse current density is 3-100A/mm2The frequency is 50-5000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 1-3600 s. In addition, the electric pulse treatment process can also enhance the work hardening capacity of the medium manganese steel and improve the tensile strength. The process has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, simple operation, wide process window and good industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that the electric pulse treatment is carried out before (a) annealing, after (b) annealing and in the tensile deformation process (c) to obviously reduce the Luders strain and weaken or even eliminate the stress sawtooth fluctuation, which shows that the electric pulse treatment obviously inhibits or even eliminates the plastic instability behavior of the medium manganese steel.
FIG. 2 shows the microstructure of the cold-rolled medium manganese steel after electric pulse treatment and critical annealing, which comprises ferrite, austenite and nano precipitated phases.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Composition of steel grade
| Element(s) | C | Mn | Al | V |
| Content/wt. -%) | 0.2 | 9 | 2 | 0.2 |
(1) The above steel compositions were smelted in a 50kg vacuum arc furnace and then forged into a rectangular billet of 60mm (thickness) x 80mm (width). The forging stock is rolled to 4mm from 60mm by 7 passes. The initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800 ℃. The hot rolled plate is air cooled to room temperature and then is softened and annealed for 8 hours at 650 ℃. The hot rolled plate is acid-washed and then cold-rolled from 4mm to 1.5 mm.
(2) Subjecting the cold-rolled sheet to electric pulse treatment with pulse current density of 30A/mm2Duty ratio of 80%, frequency of 10000HZ, processing time of 10min, and steel plate surface temperature of 150 ℃ at most.
(3) Annealing the cold-rolled steel plate after the electric pulse treatment and the steel plate without the electric pulse treatment at 700-800 ℃ for 10min, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(4) The tensile property test of the two annealed steel plates and the comparison of the stress-strain curves of the two annealed steel plates show that the electrical pulse treatment before the critical annealing can effectively inhibit the nucleation and propagation of the PLC band and improve the tensile strength (figure 2 a).
Example 2
(1) Performing critical annealing on the cold-rolled steel sheet in the embodiment 1 at 600-800 ℃ for 10 min;
(2) subjecting the above annealed plate to electric pulse treatment with pulse current density of 15A/mm2The duty ratio is 50%, the frequency is 20000HZ, the treatment time is 5min, and the surface temperature of the steel plate reaches 150 ℃ at most;
(3) the steel plates subjected to different electric pulse treatments are tested for tensile property, and the stress-strain curves are compared, so that the electric pulse treatment after critical annealing can eliminate nucleation and propagation of local deformation zones. In addition, the electric pulse treatment significantly improved the work hardening capacity and tensile strength (fig. 2 b).
Example 3
Composition of steel grade
| Element(s) | C | Mn | Al | V | Nb |
| Content/wt. -%) | 0.4 | 7 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 0.02 |
(1) The above steel compositions were smelted in a 50kg vacuum arc furnace and then forged into a rectangular billet of 60mm (thickness) x 80mm (width). The forging stock is rolled to 4mm from 60mm by 7 passes. The initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800 ℃. The hot rolled plate is air cooled to room temperature and then is softened and annealed for 5 hours at 700 ℃. The hot rolled plate is acid-washed and then cold-rolled from 4mm to 1.2 mm.
(2) Annealing the cold-rolled steel plate at 600-800 ℃ for 10min, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(3) And (3) testing the tensile property of the two annealed steel plates, and synchronously loading electric pulses in the deformation process. The pulse current density is 4-15A, the frequency is 5000-10000 HZ, the duty ratio is 0.6, and the processing time is 10 min. Comparing the stress-strain curves under the synchronous loading of different electric pulse processes, it was found that the electric pulse synchronous loading during the deformation process can significantly suppress the nucleation and propagation of the luders' band and the PLC band (fig. 2 c).
Example 4
The cold-rolled steel sheet obtained in example 3 was subjected to electric pulse-assisted heating critical annealing treatment, i.e., electric pulse treatment in the cold-rolled sheet critical annealing process. Pulse current of 30-60A/mm2The frequency is 5000-10000 HZ, and the duty ratio is 0.7. The above electric pulse treatment significantly eliminates the PLC effect and improves the tensile strength.
Example 5
| Element(s) | C | Mn | Al | V | Cu |
| Content/wt. -%) | 0.3 | 4 | 2 | 0.2 | 1 |
(1) The above steel compositions were smelted in a 50kg vacuum arc furnace and then forged into a rectangular billet of 60mm (thickness) x 80mm (width). The forging stock is rolled to 4mm from 60mm by 7 times. The initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800 ℃;
(2) carrying out critical annealing on the obtained hot rolled plate at 670 ℃ for 5h, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(3) subjecting the hot rolled plate to electric pulse treatment with a pulse current density of 30-450A/mm2The frequency is 5000-10000 HZ, the duty ratio is 0.4, and the processing time is 40 min.
(4) The above electric pulse treatment suppressed the formation of PLC bands during the deformation of the hot rolled sheet.
Example 6
| Element(s) | C | Mn | Al | Cu |
| Content/wt. -%) | 0.5 | 25 | 2 | 1 |
(1) The above steel compositions were smelted in a 50kg vacuum arc furnace and then forged into a rectangular billet of 60mm (thickness) x 80mm (width). The forging stock is rolled to 4mm from 60mm by 7 times. The initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800 ℃;
(2) carrying out critical annealing on the obtained hot rolled plate at 800 ℃ for 30min, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(3) subjecting the hot rolled plate to electric pulse treatment with a pulse current density of 40-60A/mm2The frequency is 5000-10000 HZ, the duty ratio is 0.7, and the processing time is 30 min.
(4) The above electric pulse treatment suppressed the formation of PLC bands during the deformation of the hot rolled sheet.
FIG. 2(a, b) shows the microstructure of the cold-rolled medium manganese steel after electric pulse treatment and critical annealing in example 1. It can be seen that the material is composed of a two-phase structure of equiaxed ferrite and austenite. And a precipitated phase containing V precipitates in the austenite and ferrite grains.
Claims (8)
1. A method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of medium and high manganese steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: before, during and after critical annealing, electric pulse treatment is carried out on medium and high manganese steel (0.1-1% of C-3-30% of Mn-0-3% of Al-0-3% of Si-0-1% of V/Nb/Ti-Cu/Ni/Mo/Cr), or electric pulse is synchronously loaded in the deformation process, so that plastic instability can be inhibited and even eliminated; wherein the pulse current is 3-100A/mm2The frequency is 50-20000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 1-3600 s.
2. The method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of the medium and high manganese steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, carrying out hot rolling on a medium-high manganese steel casting blank to obtain a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 3-8 mm;
step 2, after pickling and derusting of the hot rolled plate, cold rolling or warm rolling to 1-3 mm;
and 3, performing electric pulse treatment on the hot-rolled, warm-rolled and cold-rolled steel plates prepared in the step 3 according to one of four conditions of synchronously loading electric pulses before critical annealing, in the critical annealing process, after the critical annealing process or in the deformation process.
3. The method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of the medium-high manganese steel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the electric pulse treatment process before the critical annealing is as follows: firstly, the steel plate is subjected to electric pulse treatment, and the pulse current density is 3-45A/mm2The frequency is 50-10000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 50-90%, the treatment time is 10-3600 s, and the temperature of the steel plate is controlled not to exceed 300 ℃ by adopting water cooling or forced air cooling; annealing at the temperature range of 300-900 ℃ for 10 s-10 h after electric pulse treatment; and finally air cooling or water quenching to room temperature.
4. The method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of the medium-high manganese steel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the electric pulse treatment process in the critical annealing is as follows: annealing by adopting an electric pulse auxiliary heating mode, wherein the temperature is 300-900 ℃, and the time is 10 s-10 h; the specific operation process is that electric pulses are introduced in the annealing process, and the current density is 30-100A/m2The frequency is 50-20000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 10-3600 s.
5. The method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of the medium-high manganese steel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the electric pulse treatment process after the critical annealing is as follows: firstly, annealing at 300-900 ℃ for 10 s-10 h, and air cooling or water quenching to room temperature; after rust removal and decontamination of the surface of the steel plate, electric pulse treatment is carried out, and the pulse current density is 3-60A/mm2The frequency is 50-20000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 50-90%, and the processing time is 10-3600 s; the temperature of the steel plate is controlled not to exceed 300 ℃ in the electric pulse treatment process by adopting water cooling or forced air cooling.
6. The method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of the medium-high manganese steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the synchronous loading electric pulse treatment process in the deformation process is as follows: the steel plate is firstly subjected to critical annealing treatment, and is cooled in air or quenched in water to room temperature; synchronously loading electric pulses in the process of stretching deformation or punch forming; current density of 3-15A/m2The frequency is 50-10000 Hz, the pulse duty ratio is 10-90%, and the processing time is 10-3600 s; air cooling to room temperature; forced air cooling is adopted in the process of synchronously loading high-current electric pulses, so that the temperature of the steel plate is lower than 150 ℃.
7. The method for suppressing the local deformation plastic destabilization behavior of the medium and high manganese steel according to the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the steel plate is prepared with the microstructure composed of austenite single phase structure or ferrite + austenite dual phase structure, and sometimes containing martensite and precipitation phase.
8. The method for inhibiting the local deformation plastic instability behavior of the medium-high manganese steel according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric pulse treatment before, during or after the critical annealing can inhibit or even eliminate the nucleation and propagation of the local deformation zone during the deformation of the medium manganese steel.
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