CN112725563A - Low-carbon ferrosilicon smelting method - Google Patents
Low-carbon ferrosilicon smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112725563A CN112725563A CN202011377541.8A CN202011377541A CN112725563A CN 112725563 A CN112725563 A CN 112725563A CN 202011377541 A CN202011377541 A CN 202011377541A CN 112725563 A CN112725563 A CN 112725563A
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- molten iron
- ladle
- concentrate
- ferrosilicon
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- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 and secondly Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting method of low-carbon ferrosilicon, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, selecting quartz stone, a reducing agent and a silicon steel sheet as raw materials of a concentrate, adding the concentrate into a foundry ladle, and heating and melting the concentrate; step 2, when the molten iron in the ladle accounts for one third of the volume of the molten iron, weighing a slag former, and adding the slag former into the ladle, wherein the mass ratio of the slag former to the concentrate raw materials is (1-3): 100, respectively; step 3, blowing oxygen and compressed air from the bottom of the ladle; step 4, removing slag on the surface of molten iron; and 5, sampling molten iron by using a sampling rod until the molten iron is bright in color, and finishing processing. The smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon solves the problem that the existing ferrosilicon has high carbon content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ore smelting, and particularly relates to a method for smelting low-carbon ferrosilicon.
Background
Ferrosilicon is an alloy of iron and silicon. The ferrosilicon is an alloy prepared by smelting coke, steel scraps and silica serving as raw materials in an electric furnace.
Since silicon and oxygen are easily synthesized into silica, ferrosilicon is commonly used as a deoxidizer in steel making, and simultaneously, since SiO is used as a deoxidizer2The heat is released in a large amount during the production, and it is advantageous to raise the temperature of molten steel while deoxidizing. Meanwhile, the ferrosilicon can also be used as an alloy element additive and widely applied to low-alloy structural steel, spring steel, bearing steel, heat-resistant steel and electrical silicon steel, and is commonly used as a reducing agent in ferroalloy production and chemical industry.
With the development of clean steel production technology, the steel industry has increasingly strict requirements on the content of impurities in ferroalloy, the requirements on trace elements (such as Ti, P, C, Al, Ca and the like) in ferrosilicon are more and more strict, and the content of the trace elements in the ferrosilicon determines the quality of the ferrosilicon.
In the production of the existing high-purity ferrosilicon (containing low-carbon ferrosilicon), carbides in the ferrosilicon mainly exist in the form of SiC, and some carbides are inevitable when entering the alloy in the smelting process, so that excessive carbon content in the ferrosilicon can be caused, the quality of the ferrosilicon is influenced, and the sale price of the ferrosilicon is influenced.
Therefore, it is necessary to solve the defect of high carbon content in the prior ferrosilicon.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smelting method of low-carbon ferrosilicon, which solves the problem that the existing ferrosilicon has high carbon content.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a smelting method of low-carbon ferrosilicon is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting quartz stone, a reducing agent and a silicon steel sheet as raw materials of a concentrate, adding the concentrate into a foundry ladle, and heating and melting the concentrate;
step 2, when the molten iron in the ladle accounts for one third of the volume of the molten iron, weighing a slag former, and adding the slag former into the ladle, wherein the mass ratio of the slag former to the concentrate raw materials is (1-3): 100, respectively;
step 3, blowing oxygen and compressed air from the bottom of the ladle;
step 4, removing slag on the surface of molten iron;
and 5, sampling molten iron by using a sampling rod until the molten iron is bright in color, and finishing processing.
The technical scheme of the invention also has the following characteristics:
further, in the step 1, quartz stone is used as a first-grade material, and the reducing agent is stone tar.
Further, in the step 2, the slag former is ground and formed by a mixture of silica powder, quicklime powder and fluorite.
Further, the weight percentage of the silica powder is 40-50%, the weight percentage of the quicklime powder is 35-40% and the weight percentage of the fluorite is 10-25%.
Further, the bottom of the ladle is provided with an air brick, a copper pipe is arranged in the air brick, and the oxygen and the compressed air are introduced from the copper pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon can reduce the carbon content in the ferrosilicon prepared by the prior art by more than 70 percent, and has the following advantages: (1) according to the smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon, the oxygen blowing mode is adopted for refining, so that the oxygen can be ensured to be fully contacted with molten iron and be reacted with carbon as far as possible, and the carbon content in the ferrosilicon is greatly reduced. (2) According to the smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon, SiC can be precipitated by adopting the slag former, so that the carbon content in the ferrosilicon is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-carbon ferrosilicon smelting method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon provided by the invention is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting quartz stone, a reducing agent and a silicon steel sheet as raw materials of a concentrate, adding the concentrate into a foundry ladle, and heating and melting the concentrate;
step 2, when the molten iron in the ladle accounts for one third of the volume of the molten iron, weighing a slag former, and adding the slag former into the ladle, wherein the mass ratio of the slag former to the concentrate raw materials is (1-3): 100, respectively; the slag former is prepared by grinding a mixture consisting of 40-50% of silica powder, 35-40% of quicklime powder and 10-25% of fluorite according to mass percentage
Step 3, blowing oxygen and compressed air from the bottom of the ladle;
step 4, removing slag on the surface of molten iron;
and 5, sampling molten iron by using a sampling rod until the molten iron is bright in color, and finishing processing.
In the ferrosilicon melt, C is present mostly in the form of SiC, but a portion is still present in the form of free carbon. Therefore, a part of carbon can be promoted to react by blowing oxygen into the melt, [ C ] + [ O ] ═ CO ═ ═ C; meanwhile, SiC can be damaged by manually adding a slagging agent, so that the reaction moves towards the direction of producing silicon, SiC is promoted to be separated out and float upwards, and the aim of reducing the carbon content in the solution is fulfilled.
The requirements on raw materials are strict, the raw materials are required to be fed into a furnace by using a fine material, the quartz stone is made of a first-grade material, the reducing agent is made of stone tar with low ash content, and the silicon steel sheet is used for replacing common steel scraps so as to reduce the carrying amount of impurity elements which cannot be treated by oxidation reaction.
The smelting operation is a carbon deficiency operation (the batch of the charged ore tar is about 2% lower than the theoretical calculation batch) to inhibit the reduction of elements with higher temperature than the reduction temperature of silicon, but in order to prevent the carbon deficiency of the furnace bottom, anthracite, gas coke or wood blocks with low ash content are often added into the batch.
The bottom of the ladle is provided with an air brick, a copper pipe is arranged in the air brick, and oxygen and compressed air are introduced from the copper pipe.
When the iron is discharged to one third of the volume of the ladle, slowly adding a slagging agent, opening an air compressor and an oxygen tank, and uniformly and slowly blowing mixed gas into the bottom of the furnace (the purpose of blowing oxygen is firstly to prevent the slagging agent from caking or pelletizing, promote slagging and compensate insufficient temperature of molten iron, and secondly, impurities in the molten iron form more stable oxides to enter a slag phase through oxidation so as to achieve the purposes of impurity removal and purification.)
The proper air flow is controlled during bottom blowing so as to just enable the molten iron to be turned over, the blowing time is determined according to the color of the ferrosilicon adhered to the sampling rod, and blowing can be stopped when the color is bright; after the blowing is finished, the slag is scraped off before a large amount of solid matters are formed in the slag as much as possible, and the slag is water sample slag which can be well separated from molten iron and poured.
The proper air flow is controlled during bottom blowing so as to just enable the molten iron to be turned over, the blowing time is determined according to the color of the ferrosilicon adhered to the sampling rod, and blowing can be stopped when the color is bright; after the blowing is finished, the slag is scraped off before a large amount of solid matters are formed in the slag as much as possible, and the slag is water sample slag which can be well separated from molten iron and poured.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon provided by the invention is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting quartz stone, a reducing agent and a silicon steel sheet as raw materials of a concentrate, adding the concentrate into a foundry ladle, and heating and melting the concentrate;
step 2, when the molten iron in the ladle accounts for one third of the volume of the molten iron, weighing a slag former, and adding the slag former into the ladle, wherein the mass ratio of the slag former to the concentrate raw materials is 1: 100, respectively; the slag former is prepared by grinding a mixture consisting of 40% of silica powder, 35% of quicklime powder and 25% of fluorite according to mass percentage
Step 3, blowing oxygen and compressed air from the bottom of the ladle;
step 4, removing slag on the surface of molten iron;
and 5, sampling molten iron by using a sampling rod until the molten iron is bright in color, and finishing processing.
Example 2
As shown in figure 1, the smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon provided by the invention is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting quartz stone, a reducing agent and a silicon steel sheet as raw materials of a concentrate, adding the concentrate into a foundry ladle, and heating and melting the concentrate;
step 2, when the molten iron in the ladle accounts for one third of the volume of the molten iron, weighing a slag former, and adding the slag former into the ladle, wherein the mass ratio of the slag former to the concentrate raw materials is 2: 100, respectively; the slagging agent is prepared by grinding a mixture consisting of 45% of silica powder, 38% of quicklime powder and 17% of fluorite according to mass percentage;
step 3, blowing oxygen and compressed air from the bottom of the ladle;
step 4, removing slag on the surface of molten iron;
and 5, sampling molten iron by using a sampling rod until the molten iron is bright in color, and finishing processing.
Example 3
As shown in figure 1, the smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon provided by the invention is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting quartz stone, a reducing agent and a silicon steel sheet as raw materials of a concentrate, adding the concentrate into a foundry ladle, and heating and melting the concentrate;
step 2, when the molten iron in the ladle occupies one third of the volume of the molten iron, weighing a slag former, and adding the slag former into the ladle, wherein the mass ratio of the slag former to the concentrate raw materials is 3: 100, respectively; the slag former is ground and formed by a mixture consisting of 50% of silica powder, 40% of quicklime powder and 10% of fluorite according to mass percentage;
step 3, blowing oxygen and compressed air from the bottom of the ladle;
step 4, removing slag on the surface of molten iron;
and 5, sampling molten iron by using a sampling rod until the molten iron is bright in color, and finishing processing.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The smelting method of the low-carbon ferrosilicon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting quartz stone, a reducing agent and a silicon steel sheet as raw materials of a concentrate, adding the concentrate into a foundry ladle, and heating and melting the concentrate;
step 2, when the molten iron in the ladle accounts for one third of the volume of the molten iron, weighing a slag former, and adding the slag former into the ladle, wherein the mass ratio of the slag former to the concentrate raw materials is (1-3): 100, respectively;
step 3, blowing oxygen and compressed air from the bottom of the ladle;
step 4, removing slag on the surface of molten iron;
and 5, sampling molten iron by using a sampling rod until the molten iron is bright in color, and finishing processing.
2. The method for smelting low-carbon ferrosilicon according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the quartz stone is a primary material and the reducing agent is stone tar.
3. The ferrosilicon low-carbon smelting method according to claim 2, wherein in step 2, the slag former is ground and formed from a mixture of silica powder, quicklime powder, and fluorite in step 2.
4. The smelting method of low-carbon ferrosilicon according to claim 3, wherein the silica powder accounts for 40-50 wt%, the quicklime powder accounts for 35-40 wt%, and the fluorite accounts for 10-25 wt%.
5. The low-carbon ferrosilicon smelting method according to claim 4, wherein air bricks are arranged at the bottom of the ladle, copper pipes are arranged in the air bricks, and the oxygen and the compressed air are introduced from the copper pipes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011377541.8A CN112725563A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Low-carbon ferrosilicon smelting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011377541.8A CN112725563A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Low-carbon ferrosilicon smelting method |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011377541.8A Pending CN112725563A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Low-carbon ferrosilicon smelting method |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4130417A (en) * | 1975-07-11 | 1978-12-19 | Gfe Gesellschaft Fur Elektrometallurgie Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Process for refining high-carbon ferro-alloys |
| CN1332263A (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-01-23 | 水钢集团金河矿冶有限公司 | Whole coal powder wet duriron smelting techonlogy |
| CN1769502A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2006-05-10 | 安康市光大铁合金有限公司 | Low content aluminium silicon cacium barium alloy and its manufacture method |
-
2020
- 2020-11-30 CN CN202011377541.8A patent/CN112725563A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4130417A (en) * | 1975-07-11 | 1978-12-19 | Gfe Gesellschaft Fur Elektrometallurgie Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Process for refining high-carbon ferro-alloys |
| CN1332263A (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-01-23 | 水钢集团金河矿冶有限公司 | Whole coal powder wet duriron smelting techonlogy |
| CN1769502A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2006-05-10 | 安康市光大铁合金有限公司 | Low content aluminium silicon cacium barium alloy and its manufacture method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 周文娟: "矿热炉生产超低碳硅铁合金工艺技术的研究与应用", 《甘肃冶金》 * |
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