CN112724272A - Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide - Google Patents

Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112724272A
CN112724272A CN202110070288.XA CN202110070288A CN112724272A CN 112724272 A CN112724272 A CN 112724272A CN 202110070288 A CN202110070288 A CN 202110070288A CN 112724272 A CN112724272 A CN 112724272A
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dictyophora indusiata
polysaccharide
drying
hot water
fruiting body
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CN202110070288.XA
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孟凡欣
冯微
苏沛文
吴丽艳
姚易
廖彩玉
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Zhuhai College of Jilin University
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Zhuhai College of Jilin University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0003General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide, which comprises the steps of exposing or heating and drying dictyophora indusiata fruiting bodies and then rehydrating to obtain an extracting solution a; freeze-drying Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body, and rehydrating to obtain extractive solution b; oven drying Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body, pulverizing, pulping, adding protease for enzymolysis, performing ultrasonic treatment, and vacuum concentrating; decolorizing the crude polysaccharide with active carbon, and eluting with macroporous resin column; and (5) performing ultrafiltration and freeze-drying on the eluent to obtain the dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide. The invention carries out repeated freeze thawing and rehydration on dictyophora indusiata sporocarp to ensure that the cell wall of the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp is fully cracked, simultaneously, ethanol and acetone are adopted to remove most protein components, activated carbon and macroporous resin are adopted to carry out decoloration and elution, and then, ultrafiltration is carried out to further improve the purity of prepared dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide, so that the purity of the prepared dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide reaches 95 percent; the preparation process is simple and effective, and the prepared bamboo fungus polysaccharide has high purity and excellent industrialization prospect.

Description

Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant component extraction, in particular to a preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide.
Background
Bamboo fungus is also known as bamboo fungus and bamboo ginseng, and there are 4 kinds of common edible fungus: dictyophora indusiata, Dictyophora brevifolia, Dictyophora echinovolvata and Dictyophora rubrovolvata are cryptophysalodes parasitizing at the root of dried bamboo, are in a shape similar to a net-shaped dry white snake skin, have dark green caps, a snow-white cylindrical stipe and a pink egg-shaped bacteroid, and have a fine and white net-shaped skirt at the top end of the stipe spread downwards from the lid, which are called as Xue skirt fairy, mountain precious flower, fungus flower and fungus queen in the fungus.
The dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide is widely present in cell walls of fruiting bodies, is a macromolecular substance with high activity, and has certain curative effects on oxidation resistance, tumor resistance, anticoagulation, inflammation resistance, immunity stimulation and blood sugar reduction, the methods for extracting and separating the dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide comprise a water extraction method, an acid extraction method and an alkali extraction method, the water extraction method can extract combined-state polysaccharide and non-combined-state polysaccharide, and the acid extraction method and the alkali extraction method destroy chemical bonds of the polysaccharide and other substances so as to enable the polysaccharide to be free, in the 3 extraction methods, the most adopted method is a hot water extraction method, lindane and the like are separated into 7 polysaccharides Dd, Dd-S3P, Dd-2DE, DI, DiA, Di-S2P and DE2-2 from dictyophora indusiata fruiting bodies.
The dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide extracted by the conventional method at present contains more impurities, and the polysaccharide is easy to form a jelly shape and is difficult to purify; therefore, the technical problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field is to provide a preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide with high extraction purity and high efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
(1) exposing or heating and drying the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, then soaking the dry dictyophora indusiata fruiting body in hot water for water extraction, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution a for later use;
(2) freeze-drying the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body soaked in hot water, then putting the freeze-dried dictyophora indusiata fruiting body into the hot water again for secondary water extraction, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution b for later use;
(3) drying and crushing dictyophora indusiata sporocarp, adding the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp into a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone for pulping, standing and precipitating for 5-10 hours, and filtering and separating precipitate and supernate;
(4) adding 60-70 times of hot water into the precipitate to adjust the pH value to 9-11, adding alkaline protease with the weight of 0.01-0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2-3 hours, then inactivating, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, adding neutral protease with the weight of 0.01-0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2-3 hours, then performing ultrasonic extraction treatment, filtering to remove residues, and collecting filtrate to obtain an extracting solution c;
(5) mixing the extract a, the extract b and the extract c; vacuum concentrating the extracting solution until the density is 1.1-1.2 to obtain a bamboo fungus polysaccharide extract;
(6) adding 15-25 times of absolute ethyl alcohol into the extract for alcohol precipitation, and filtering, separating and precipitating to obtain crude polysaccharide;
(7) dissolving the crude polysaccharide in 10-15 times of water, decoloring by using activated carbon, and then eluting by using a macroporous resin column to obtain an eluent;
(8) ultrafiltering the eluate to obtain ultrafiltrate, and lyophilizing the ultrafiltrate to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide.
Further, in the step (1), the exposure time is 3-5 days, the heating and drying temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the heating and drying time is 6-8 hours;
furthermore, in the step (1), the temperature of the hot water is 45-55 ℃, and the water extraction time is 2-3 h.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the drying or drying of the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp and the rehydration can break the cell wall which is lack of water, increase the dissolving-out degree of the polysaccharide and improve the extraction rate of the polysaccharide.
Further, the freeze-drying temperature in the step (2) is-30 to-20 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 8 to 12 hours; the temperature of the secondary water for extracting hot water is 45-55 ℃, and the water extracting time is 2-3 h.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body is freeze-dried, so that water contained in the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body can be crystallized, after rehydration again, the cell wall rupture degree is increased due to the effect caused by cold and heat changes, and the dissolution degree of polysaccharide is increased.
Further, the mass ratio of the ethanol to the acetone in the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone in the step (3) is 1: 0.5-0.8.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: can effectively remove most protein components and alcohol-soluble components in the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body.
Further, in the step (4), the ultrasonic power is 1200-1800 w, and the ultrasonic time is 30-60 min.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the ultrasonic treatment of the pulping liquid can fully dissolve out the polysaccharide, and the extraction rate of the polysaccharide is improved.
Further, the macroporous resin column in the step (7) is a macroporous resin column HP-20.
Furthermore, the eluent adopted in the macroporous resin column elution in the step (7) is gradient elution by adopting pure water, 15 percent ethanol and 25 percent ethanol.
Further, the ultrafiltration membrane used in the step (8) is a polyethersulfone symmetric ultrafiltration membrane.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: most of impurities in the crude polysaccharide can be removed by ultrafiltration membrane filtration, thereby improving the purity.
Furthermore, the freeze-drying temperature in the step (8) is-35 to-25 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 6 to 10 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body is repeatedly frozen and thawed for rehydration to fully crack the cell wall of the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, most protein components are removed by adopting ethanol and acetone, and the protein is fully removed by further adopting protease, so that the purity of the dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide is improved; active carbon and macroporous resin are adopted for decolorization and elution, and then ultrafiltration is carried out, so that the purity of the prepared dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide is further improved and reaches 95%; the preparation process is simple and effective, and the prepared bamboo fungus polysaccharide has high purity and excellent industrialization prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide
(1) Cleaning 1kg of dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, then insolating for 5d, then soaking the dry dictyophora indusiata fruiting body in hot water of 55 ℃ for water extraction for 2h, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution a for later use;
(2) freeze-drying the hot water soaked bamboo fungus fruiting body at-20 deg.C for 12h, then extracting the freeze-dried bamboo fungus fruiting body with 55 deg.C hot water for 2h, and separating the bamboo fungus fruiting body from the hot water to obtain extractive solution b;
(3) drying and crushing dictyophora indusiata sporocarp, adding the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp into a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone (the mass ratio of the ethanol to the acetone is 1:0.5), pulping, standing and precipitating for 10 hours, and filtering and separating precipitate and supernate;
(4) adding 60 times of hot water into the precipitate to adjust the pH value to 11, adding alkaline protease with the weight of 0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2 hours, then inactivating, adjusting the pH value to 7, adding neutral protease with the weight of 0.01% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 3 hours, then performing ultrasonic extraction treatment for 60min at 1200w, filtering to remove residues, and collecting filtrate to obtain an extracting solution c;
(5) mixing the extract a, the extract b and the extract c; vacuum concentrating the extractive solution to density of 1.1 to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide extract;
(6) adding 25 times of anhydrous ethanol into the extract for alcohol precipitation, and filtering, separating and precipitating to obtain crude polysaccharide;
(7) dissolving the crude polysaccharide in 10 times of water, decolorizing with active carbon, and gradient eluting with macroporous resin column HP-20, pure water, 15% ethanol, and 25% ethanol to obtain eluate;
(8) ultrafiltering the eluate with polyethersulfone symmetric ultrafiltration membrane to obtain ultrafiltrate, and lyophilizing the ultrafiltrate at-35 deg.C for 6h to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide.
Example 2
Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide
(1) Cleaning 1kg of dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, heating and drying at 60 ℃ for 6h, then soaking the dried dictyophora indusiata fruiting body in hot water at 45 ℃ for water extraction for 3h, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution a for later use;
(2) freeze-drying the hot water soaked bamboo fungus fruiting body at-30 deg.C for 8h, then extracting the freeze-dried bamboo fungus fruiting body with 45 deg.C hot water for 3h, and separating the bamboo fungus fruiting body from the hot water to obtain extractive solution b;
(3) drying and crushing dictyophora indusiata sporocarp, adding the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp into a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone (the mass ratio of the ethanol to the acetone is 1:0.8), pulping, standing and precipitating for 5 hours, and filtering and separating precipitate and supernate;
(4) adding 60 times of hot water into the precipitate to adjust the pH to 9, adding alkaline protease with the weight of 0.01% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 3h, then inactivating, adjusting the pH to 8, adding neutral protease with the weight of 0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2h, then performing ultrasonic extraction for 30min at 1800w, filtering to remove residues, and collecting filtrate to obtain an extracting solution c;
(5) mixing the extract a, the extract b and the extract c; vacuum concentrating the extractive solution to density of 1.2 to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide extract;
(6) adding 15 times of anhydrous ethanol into the extract for alcohol precipitation, and filtering, separating and precipitating to obtain crude polysaccharide;
(7) dissolving the crude polysaccharide in 15 times of water, decolorizing with active carbon, and gradient eluting with macroporous resin column HP-20, pure water, 15% ethanol, and 25% ethanol to obtain eluate;
(8) ultrafiltering the eluate with polyethersulfone symmetric ultrafiltration membrane to obtain ultrafiltrate, and lyophilizing the ultrafiltrate at-25 deg.C for 10h to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide.
Example 3
Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide
(1) Cleaning 1kg of dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, heating and drying at 60 ℃ for 8h, soaking the dried dictyophora indusiata fruiting body in hot water at 50 ℃ for water extraction for 3h, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution a for later use;
(2) freeze-drying the soaked Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body at-25 deg.C for 10h, extracting the freeze-dried Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body with 50 deg.C hot water for 3h, and separating the Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain extractive solution b;
(3) drying and crushing dictyophora indusiata sporocarp, adding the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp into a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone (the mass ratio of the ethanol to the acetone is 1:0.6), pulping, standing and precipitating for 8 hours, and filtering and separating precipitate and supernate;
(4) adding 65 times of hot water into the precipitate to adjust the pH to 10, adding alkaline protease with the weight of 0.02% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 3h, then inactivating, adjusting the pH to 7, adding neutral protease with the weight of 0.02% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2h, then performing ultrasonic extraction for 50min at 1600w, filtering to remove residues, and collecting filtrate to obtain an extract c;
(5) mixing the extract a, the extract b and the extract c; vacuum concentrating the extractive solution to density of 1.2 to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide extract;
(6) adding 25 times of anhydrous ethanol into the extract for alcohol precipitation, and filtering, separating and precipitating to obtain crude polysaccharide;
(7) dissolving the crude polysaccharide in 12 times of water, decolorizing with active carbon, and gradient eluting with macroporous resin column HP-20, pure water, 15% ethanol, and 25% ethanol to obtain eluate;
(8) ultrafiltering the eluate with polyethersulfone symmetric ultrafiltration membrane to obtain ultrafiltrate, and lyophilizing the ultrafiltrate at-30 deg.C for 8h to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide.
Example 4
Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide
(1) Cleaning 1kg of dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, then insolating for 4d, then soaking the dry dictyophora indusiata fruiting body in hot water of 55 ℃ for water extraction for 3h, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution a for later use;
(2) freeze-drying the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body soaked in hot water at-28 ℃ for 11h, then putting the freeze-dried dictyophora indusiata fruiting body into hot water at 50 ℃ again for secondary water extraction for 2h, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution b for later use;
(3) drying and crushing dictyophora indusiata sporocarp, adding the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp into a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone (the mass ratio of the ethanol to the acetone is 1:0.7), pulping, standing and precipitating for 9 hours, and filtering and separating precipitate and supernate;
(4) adding 68 times of hot water into the precipitate to adjust the pH value to 11, adding alkaline protease with the weight of 0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2 hours, then inactivating, adjusting the pH value to 8, adding neutral protease with the weight of 0.02% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2 hours, then performing ultrasonic extraction treatment for 55min at 1400w, filtering to remove residues, and collecting filtrate to obtain an extracting solution c;
(5) mixing the extract a, the extract b and the extract c; vacuum concentrating the extractive solution to density of 1.1 to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide extract;
(6) adding 18 times of anhydrous ethanol into the extract for alcohol precipitation, and filtering, separating and precipitating to obtain crude polysaccharide;
(7) dissolving the crude polysaccharide in 13 times of water, decolorizing with active carbon, and gradient eluting with macroporous resin column HP-20, pure water, 15% ethanol, and 25% ethanol to obtain eluate;
(8) ultrafiltering the eluate with polyethersulfone symmetric ultrafiltration membrane to obtain ultrafiltrate, and lyophilizing the ultrafiltrate at-30 deg.C for 10h to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide.
Example 5
Preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide
(1) Cleaning 1kg of dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, heating and drying at 55 ℃ for 7h, then soaking the dried dictyophora indusiata fruiting body in hot water at 53 ℃ for water extraction for 2.5h, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution a for later use;
(2) freeze-drying the soaked Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body at-25 deg.C for 12h, extracting the freeze-dried Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body with 50 deg.C hot water for 3h, and separating the Dictyophora Indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain extractive solution b;
(3) drying and crushing dictyophora indusiata sporocarp, adding the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp into a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone (the mass ratio of the ethanol to the acetone is 1:0.8), pulping, standing and precipitating for 6 hours, and filtering and separating precipitate and supernate;
(4) adding 60 times of hot water into the precipitate to adjust the pH to 9, adding alkaline protease with the weight of 0.02% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 3 hours, then inactivating, adjusting the pH to 7, adding neutral protease with the weight of 0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 3 hours, then performing ultrasonic extraction treatment at 1700w for 55min, filtering to remove residues, and collecting filtrate to obtain an extracting solution c;
(5) mixing the extract a, the extract b and the extract c; vacuum concentrating the extractive solution to density of 1.2 to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide extract;
(6) adding 20 times of anhydrous ethanol into the extract for alcohol precipitation, and filtering, separating and precipitating to obtain crude polysaccharide;
(7) dissolving the crude polysaccharide in 12 times of water, decolorizing with active carbon, and gradient eluting with macroporous resin column HP-20, pure water, 15% ethanol, and 25% ethanol to obtain eluate;
(8) ultrafiltering the eluate with polyethersulfone symmetric ultrafiltration membrane to obtain ultrafiltrate, and lyophilizing the ultrafiltrate at-28 deg.C for 8h to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide.
Test examples
The dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides prepared in examples 1-5 were weighed, and purity of the polysaccharides was measured using a spectrophotometer, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002905763150000081
Figure BDA0002905763150000091
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of bamboo fungus polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) exposing or heating and drying the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body, then soaking the dry dictyophora indusiata fruiting body in hot water for water extraction, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution a for later use;
(2) freeze-drying the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body soaked in hot water, then putting the freeze-dried dictyophora indusiata fruiting body into the hot water again for secondary water extraction, and separating the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body from the hot water to obtain an extracting solution b for later use;
(3) drying and crushing dictyophora indusiata sporocarp, adding the dictyophora indusiata sporocarp into a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone for pulping, standing and precipitating for 5-10 hours, and filtering and separating precipitate and supernate;
(4) adding 60-70 times of hot water into the precipitate to adjust the pH value to 9-11, adding alkaline protease with the weight of 0.01-0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2-3 hours, then inactivating, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, adding neutral protease with the weight of 0.01-0.03% of the precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 2-3 hours, then performing ultrasonic extraction treatment, filtering to remove residues, and collecting filtrate to obtain an extracting solution c;
(5) mixing the extract a, the extract b and the extract c; vacuum concentrating the extracting solution until the density is 1.1-1.2 to obtain a bamboo fungus polysaccharide extract;
(6) adding 15-25 times of absolute ethyl alcohol into the extract for alcohol precipitation, and filtering, separating and precipitating to obtain crude polysaccharide;
(7) dissolving the crude polysaccharide in 10-15 times of water, decoloring by using activated carbon, and then eluting by using a macroporous resin column to obtain an eluent;
(8) ultrafiltering the eluate to obtain ultrafiltrate, and lyophilizing the ultrafiltrate to obtain Dictyophora Indusiata polysaccharide.
2. The preparation method of dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the exposure time in step (1) is 3-5 days, the heating and drying temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the heating and drying time is 6-8 hours.
3. The method for preparing dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hot water in the step (1) is 45-55 ℃, and the time of water extraction is 2-3 h.
4. The preparation method of dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the freeze-drying temperature is-30 to-20 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 8 to 12 hours; the temperature of the secondary water for extracting hot water is 45-55 ℃, and the water extracting time is 2-3 h.
5. The method for preparing dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of ethanol to acetone in the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone in step (3) is 1: 0.5-0.8.
6. The method for preparing dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the ultrasonic power is 1200-1800 w, and the ultrasonic time is 30-60 min.
7. The method for preparing dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the macroporous resin column in step (7) is a macroporous resin column HP-20.
8. The method for preparing dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the elution solution used in the macroporous resin column elution in step (7) is gradient elution with pure water, 15% ethanol and 25% ethanol.
9. The method for preparing dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein an ultrafiltration membrane used in the ultrafiltration in the step (8) is a polyethersulfone symmetric ultrafiltration membrane.
10. The method for preparing dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the freeze-drying temperature in the step (8) is-35 to-25 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 6 to 10 hours.
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CN106432530A (en) * 2016-11-24 2017-02-22 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Extracting technology of dictyophora indusiata volva colloid polysaccharide
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