CN112718889A - Method for improving descaling effect of steel billet - Google Patents
Method for improving descaling effect of steel billet Download PDFInfo
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- CN112718889A CN112718889A CN202011323215.9A CN202011323215A CN112718889A CN 112718889 A CN112718889 A CN 112718889A CN 202011323215 A CN202011323215 A CN 202011323215A CN 112718889 A CN112718889 A CN 112718889A
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- billet
- pressure water
- steel
- descaling
- heating
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001595 contractor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
- B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the descaling effect of a billet, which is characterized in that after the billet is taken out of a heating furnace, high-pressure water is used for descaling, high-pressure water is obliquely sprayed to remove iron scales on the surface of a casting blank, the inclination angle alpha between the spraying direction of the high-pressure water and the surface of the casting blank is 30-60 degrees, and the pressure of the high-pressure water is 15-22 MPa. According to the method, the thickness range of the iron oxide scale on the surface of the discharged casting blank is controlled to be 0.5-1.5 mm, the oxidation burning loss rate of the surface of the casting blank is greatly reduced to more than 50%, the iron oxide scale is removed from the surface of the casting blank by high-pressure water inclined injection, the phosphorus removal effect is 90-98%, the phosphorus removal effect is improved by 13-15% compared with that of a traditional phosphorus removal method, the quality problem of the surface of a steel rail caused by incomplete phosphorus removal is greatly reduced, and the phosphorus removal effect of a high-speed heavy rail is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of billet rolling, and particularly relates to a method for improving a billet descaling effect.
Background
In recent years, domestic high-speed railways have been developed in a leap way, and with the use of compound-number traffic cars, the outstanding position of the Chinese railways is more stable internationally. Meanwhile, the domestic requirements on the steel rail base metal for the high-speed railway are stricter, and currently, when various domestic steel rail manufacturers produce high-speed heavy rails, a system of spraying the anti-oxidation coating on the surface of a casting blank is generally implemented, so that the decarbonization layer on the tread of the steel rail is reduced, and the indirect relation of the anti-oxidation coating on the surface quality of the steel rail is ignored. One of the important indexes of the high-speed heavy rail different from the common-speed heavy rail is surface quality, the surface quality is one of the important indexes influencing the service performance of the steel rail, along with the direct contact between wheels and the tread of the steel rail, the poor surface quality of the steel rail can accelerate the appearance of fish scale marks, further accelerate the expansion of micro cracks on the surface of the steel rail, generate the phenomenon of stripping and falling blocks, and even seriously break the rail.
The Chinese patent with the application number of 201610780853.0 discloses a continuous casting billet descaling device and a method, and provides the continuous casting billet descaling device and the method, the device is quite complex in design, the distance between the descaling device and a first rough rolling procedure is short, the swing arm function is added for reducing a descaling box in a rejection area, the use cost is directly increased through the design, and meanwhile, the water pressure control difficulty in the swing arm process is overlarge. The device has not been applied to the actual production of the steel rail, and has limitations.
Chinese patent No. 201721250017.8 discloses a method for rapidly and clearly identifying surface scale on heavy rail steel casting blank, which comprises using friction disk, driving motor, lever and other devices to rapidly remove the scale on the surface of the heavy rail steel casting blank before heating, and removing the scale on the surface of the heavy rail steel casting blank after casting without considering the new scale on the surface of the heavy rail steel casting blank after long-time heating in the heating furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The anti-oxidation coating is not sprayed on the surface of the billet in the traditional descaling process, the thickness of the scale on the surface of the heated billet is 2-4 mm, and the scale on the surface of the billet is removed (descaled) by vertically spraying high-pressure water, so that the descaling effect is only 75-85%. The invention aims to provide a method for improving the descaling effect of a steel billet and improve the descaling rate of the steel billet for a high-speed heavy rail.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for improving the descaling effect of the steel billet comprises the working procedures of heating the steel billet and descaling by high-pressure water, and is characterized in that in the working procedure of descaling by high-pressure water, the high-pressure water is sprayed obliquely to remove the iron scales on the surface of the casting billet, and the inclination angle alpha between the spraying direction of the high-pressure water and the surface of the casting billet is 30-60 degrees.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of steel billet high-pressure water descaling, wherein an angle α is an inclination angle between a high-pressure water jet direction and a casting blank surface, and a steel tapping direction is a steel billet discharging direction from a heating furnace.
The high pressure water descaling (HPW) method is the most commonly used method for descaling in heavy rail production, and essentially, all HPW descaling systems, whether primary or secondary, have a water pump for delivering water from a series of nozzles to the front end, and the greatest difference between the systems is that the design of the front end affects the efficiency of the hydraulic descaling method. Firstly, the water-spraying mechanical impact effect is used for directly crushing or removing the oxide scale by the action of force vertical to the direction of the oxide scale, and secondly, the differential thermal contraction generated on the surface of the steel by the cold action of splashing enables the oxide scale to fall off or be crushed from the steel. Two parameters can be used for explaining the characteristics of the HPW scale removing method, one is the impact pressure of water sprayed on the steel surface and the special effect water impact for removing the scale, and the other is the amount of water applied to the steel surface. The two parameters may vary depending on the nozzle type, nose pressure, nozzle standoff distance, and material plate velocity.
F ═ P · B formula (1);
Fhanging deviceF · sin α formula (2);
Flevel ofF · cos α formula (3);
in the formulas 1-3, P is phosphorus removal water pressure, B is spray width, F is the force applied to the surface of the iron scale, and F isHanging deviceComponent force applied in the vertical direction on the surface of the billet, FLevel ofIs a component force in the horizontal direction. FHanging deviceA water-spraying type mechanical impact effect is generated, and the oxide skin can be smashed or removed under the action of force in the direction vertical to the oxide scale; fLevel ofThe traveling direction of the steel billet is completely opposite to that of the heavy rail steel billet, so that cold action on a sputtering effect is generated, differential thermal contraction is rapidly generated on the surface of the heavy rail steel billet, and the steel billet has an important effect on accelerating the falling or breaking of the iron scale.
The inclination angle alpha between the water spraying direction of the high-pressure dephosphorization water and the surface of the billet is 30-60 degrees, when the scale on the surface of the billet is thin, the water pressure component F in the vertical direction during spraying can be properly reduced by the inclination angle alphaHanging deviceHas water-spraying mechanical impact effect, can easily break the thinner iron scale, and has horizontal water pressure component FLevel ofThe cold action of the opposite spraying which is completely opposite to the traveling direction of the heavy rail steel billet is taken as a leading action, so that the steel surface rapidly generates differential thermal contraction, and the iron oxide scales adhered to the surface can be completely washed clean. When alpha is less than 30 DEG, F is causedHanging deviceToo small a mechanical impact effect to effectively break the scale, at which time the pressure of the water is increased to over 22MPa to enable F to be brokenHanging deviceHowever, the increase of the rolling temperature of the heavy rail steel billet causes the problems of low rolling temperature of the heavy rail steel billet, easy billet rolling crack and the like.
When the scale on the surface of the billet is too thick, the spraying inclination angle alpha can be properly increased, and the water pressure component force F in the vertical direction during sprayingHanging devicePlays a dominant role, in this case FHanging deviceLarger, can crush thicker iron scale, and the water pressure component F in the horizontal directionLevel ofThe method is mainly used for completely washing the iron scale adhered to the surface by utilizing the impact jet type differential thermal contraction effect. When alpha is more than 60 deg., F is causedLevel ofThe reverse sputtering effect of (A) is too small to effectively wash or break down the iron scale, and the water pressure is increased to more than 22MPa to enable FHanging deviceHowever, the rolling temperature of the heavy rail steel billet is low, and the problem of billet rolling crack is easily caused.
Furthermore, the high-pressure water pressure is 15MPa to 22 MPa.
Preferably, the inclination angle alpha between the high pressure water jet direction of the upper surface and the left and right side surfaces of the billet and the corresponding billet jet surface is 30-60 degrees.
The upper surface, the left side surface and the right side surface of the steel billet refer to the upper surface and the two side surfaces of the steel billet along the steel tapping direction of the steel billet, and the end surface and the lower surface of the steel billet are not included.
Further, before the billet is heated in the heating furnace, an anti-oxidation coating is sprayed on the surface of the billet, and the thickness of the coating is 0.25-0.43 mm.
The surface of the steel billet is sprayed with the anti-oxidation coating of 0.25 mm-0.43 mm, when the thickness of the coating exceeds 0.43mm, the left side and the right side of the steel billet are not easy to stick and hang, and when the thickness of the coating is less than 0.25mm, the coating can not play a role in effectively isolating oxygen and can not prevent oxygen ions from further carrying out chemical reaction with an iron matrix so as to generate iron scale. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a scale structure.
Further, after the billet is heated by the heating furnace, the thickness of the surface oxidized iron sheet is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
Furthermore, the two end surfaces and the lower surface of the steel billet are not sprayed with anti-oxidation coatings.
Further, the steel billet is heated in a heating furnace, the temperature of a preheating section after the steel billet is fed into the furnace is not more than 930 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 1120-1280 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1230-1255 ℃, the residual oxygen in the furnace is 1.5-5%, and the heating time is 4-7 hours.
The forming of the scale on the surface of the high-speed heavy rail billet mainly comprises the influence factors of heating temperature, time, heating furnace atmosphere and oxide layer structure. The temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be not more than 930 ℃, so that the heating uniformity of the steel billet can be ensured; the residual oxygen content in the furnace is 1.5-5%, so that the fuel gas resources in the furnace can be fully combusted.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
according to the invention, the thickness range of the iron scale on the surface of the steel billet discharged from the furnace is controlled to be 0.5-1.5 mm, the oxidation burning loss rate of the surface of the steel billet is greatly reduced to more than 50%, the iron scale is removed from the surface of the steel billet by high-pressure water inclined injection, the phosphorus removal effect is 90-98%, the phosphorus removal effect is improved by 13-15% compared with that of the traditional phosphorus removal method, the quality problem of the surface of the steel rail caused by incomplete phosphorus removal is greatly reduced, and the phosphorus removal effect of the high-speed heavy rail is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of high-pressure water descaling of a steel billet;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of iron scale.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to better illustrate the invention, the following examples are given by way of further illustration.
Example 1
Before a high-speed heavy rail steel billet is heated in a heating furnace, anti-oxidation coatings are sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the billet, the thickness of the coating is 0.25mm, the anti-oxidation coatings are not sprayed on the two end surfaces and the lower surface of the billet, the billet is heated in the heating furnace, the temperature of a preheating section is 910 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 1178 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1245 ℃, the residual oxygen content in the furnace is 2%, the heating time is 4.5h, after the billet is heated by the heating furnace, the thickness of the surface iron scale is 1.5mm, after the billet is taken out of the heating furnace, the scale is removed through high-pressure water, the iron scale on the surface of the billet is removed through high-pressure water inclined spraying, the inclination angle alpha between the high-pressure water spraying directions of the upper surface and the two side surfaces of the.
Example 2
Before a high-speed heavy rail steel billet is heated in a heating furnace, anti-oxidation coatings are sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the billet, the thickness of the coating is 0.3mm, the anti-oxidation coatings are not sprayed on the two end surfaces and the lower surface of the billet, the billet is heated in the heating furnace, the temperature of a preheating section after the billet is fed into the furnace is 920 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 1149 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1240 ℃, the residual oxygen in the furnace is 1.5%, the heating time is 6.4h, after the billet is heated by the heating furnace, the thickness of the surface iron scale is 1.3 mm, the scale removal is carried out on the billet after the billet is taken out of the heating furnace through high-pressure water, the surface iron scale of the billet is removed through the inclined high-pressure water spraying, the inclination angle alpha between the high-pressure water spraying directions of.
Example 3
Before a high-speed heavy rail steel billet is heated in a heating furnace, anti-oxidation coatings are sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the billet, the thickness of the coating is 0.35mm, the anti-oxidation coatings are not sprayed on the two end surfaces and the lower surface of the billet, the billet is heated in the heating furnace, the preheating section temperature is 930 ℃, the heating section temperature is 1223 ℃, the soaking section temperature is 1250 ℃, the residual oxygen in the furnace is 3%, the heating time is 5.5h, after the billet is heated by the heating furnace, the thickness of the surface iron scale is 0.8mm, the scale of the billet is removed by high-pressure water after the billet is discharged from the heating furnace, the surface iron scale of the billet is removed by obliquely spraying the high-pressure water, the inclination angle alpha between the high-pressure water spraying directions of the upper surface and the two side surfaces of the billet is 41 degrees, the high.
Example 4
Before a high-speed heavy rail steel billet is heated in a heating furnace, anti-oxidation coatings are sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the billet, the thickness of the coating is 0.4mm, the anti-oxidation coatings are not sprayed on the two end surfaces and the lower surface of the billet, the billet is heated in the heating furnace, the temperature of a preheating section is 926 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 1280 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1255 ℃, the residual oxygen in the furnace is 4.5%, the heating time is 4h, after the billet is heated by the heating furnace, the thickness of the surface iron scale is 0.5mm, after the billet is taken out of the heating furnace, the scale is removed through high-pressure water, the iron scale on the surface of the billet is removed through oblique high-pressure water spraying, the inclination angle alpha between the high-pressure water spraying directions of the upper surface and the two side surfaces of the billet.
Example 5
Before a high-speed heavy rail steel billet is heated in a heating furnace, anti-oxidation coatings are sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the billet, the thickness of the coating is 0.43mm, the anti-oxidation coatings are not sprayed on the two end surfaces and the lower surface of the billet, the billet is heated in the heating furnace, the temperature of a preheating section is 923 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 1220 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1230 ℃, the residual oxygen in the furnace is 5%, the heating time is 7h, after the billet is heated by the heating furnace, the thickness of the surface iron scale is 0.6mm, the descaling is carried out on the billet after the billet is taken out of the heating furnace, the surface iron scale of the billet is removed by high-pressure water inclined injection, the high-pressure water injection directions of the upper surface and the two side surfaces of the billet and the inclination angle alpha of the surface of.
Example 6
Before a high-speed heavy rail steel billet is heated in a heating furnace, anti-oxidation coatings are sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the billet, the thickness of the coating is 0.27mm, the anti-oxidation coatings are not sprayed on the two end surfaces and the lower surface of the billet, the billet is heated in the heating furnace, the temperature of a preheating section is 916 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 1192 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1234 ℃, the residual oxygen content in the furnace is 3.5%, the heating time is 5.2h, after the billet is heated by the heating furnace, the thickness of surface iron scales is 1.1mm, after the billet is taken out of the heating furnace, the scale on the surface of the billet is removed through high-pressure water inclined spraying, the high-pressure water spraying directions of the upper surface and the two side surfaces of the billet and the inclination angle alpha of the surface of the billet are 57 degrees, the.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for improving the descaling effect of the steel billet comprises the working procedures of heating the steel billet and descaling by high-pressure water, and is characterized in that in the working procedure of descaling by high-pressure water, the high-pressure water is sprayed obliquely to remove the iron scales on the surface of the casting billet, and the inclination angle alpha between the spraying direction of the high-pressure water and the surface of the casting billet is 30-60 degrees.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high pressure water pressure is 15MPa to 22 MPa.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the angle of inclination α of the water jet direction of the upper surface and both the left and right sides of the cast slab to the corresponding surface of the cast slab is 30 ° to 60 °.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein an oxidation-preventing coating is applied to the surface of the slab before the slab is heated in the heating furnace, and the thickness of the coating is 0.25 to 0.43 mm.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the steel slab has a surface scale thickness of 0.5mm to 1.5mm after being heated in the furnace.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the surfaces of the billet are not coated with an oxidation resistant coating.
7. The method for improving the descaling effect of the steel billets as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the steel billet heating process, the steel billets are heated in a heating furnace, the temperature of a preheating section after entering the furnace is not more than 930 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 1120 ℃ to 1280 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1230 ℃ to 1255 ℃, the residual oxygen in the furnace is 1.5% to 5%, and the heating time is 4 to 7 hours.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115305335A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-08 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for improving heating efficiency of plate blank |
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Application publication date: 20210430 |