CN112717860A - Cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device - Google Patents

Cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device Download PDF

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CN112717860A
CN112717860A CN202011439656.5A CN202011439656A CN112717860A CN 112717860 A CN112717860 A CN 112717860A CN 202011439656 A CN202011439656 A CN 202011439656A CN 112717860 A CN112717860 A CN 112717860A
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cavitation
stator
catalyst
rotor
biodiesel synthesis
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孙逊
玄晓旭
陈颂英
林劲松
王梦洁
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Shandong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
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    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B01J19/0066—Stirrers
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
    • C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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Abstract

The utility model provides a cavitation and integrative biodiesel synthesis of photocatalysis reinforce device, which comprises a stator, the rotor, the apparatus further comprises a rotating shaft, ultraviolet emitter, ultrasonic transducer and catalyst injection device, the stator is sealed barrel, it has ultrasonic transducer to distribute on the stator inner wall, be provided with ultraviolet emitter on the stator, relative both sides are provided with discharge gate and feed inlet respectively on the stator, catalyst injection device is connected to feed inlet one side, the pivot is installed in the stator, the rotor is in the stator and installs in the pivot, it has the blade to distribute on the rotor, have the cavity in the blade, it leads to the fact to distribute the cavitation in the blade in the both sides of cavityAnd (4) a hole. Mixing oleum Helianthi, methanol solution, and TiO2The catalysts are respectively conveyed into the stators, and the emulsification of the mixed liquid is realized under the ultraviolet irradiation and the hydraulic ultrasonic cavitation reaction. The device synthesizes the biodiesel through the cooperation of hydrodynamic cavitation, ultrasonic cavitation and photocatalysis, has good effect, good amplifiability, large treatment capacity, low cost, continuous operation and no secondary pollution.

Description

Cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for strengthening biodiesel synthesis, and belongs to the field of biodiesel synthesis.
Background
The use of traditional diesel fuel exacerbates the greenhouse effect and atmospheric pollution, and traditional diesel fuel is an energy source that is not sustainable. The cavitation technology is utilized to enhance the synthesis of biodiesel from vegetable oil or inedible oil or animal fat, which is a green, efficient and feasible method.
The ultrasound waves cause cavitation, and the subsequent collapse of the bubbles provides a source of energy for sonochemistry. However, since sonochemical processes driven by ultrasonic transducers are non-linear, amplifying these processes is not a simple task and requires a rational arrangement of the transducer locations. Another method of achieving cavitation in a flow system is hydrodynamic cavitation technology. Hydrodynamic cavitation technology has developed new reactor designs that allow better mixing of the reactants to effectively promote mass and heat transfer.
For multiphase systems, such as oil-methanol, which form an immiscible reaction mixture, the use of ultrasound generally results in improved emulsification and reduced droplet size. Thus ultrasound has proven to be a very good tool for the preparation of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester-FAME) by reaction of triglycerides (of vegetable or animal origin) with methanol. Ultrasonic cavitation has been applied to transesterification of various raw materials such as soybean oil, animal fat, jatropha curcas oil, palm oil, etc. Alternative methods of producing large-scale emulsification by cavitation and turbulent mixing include hydrodynamic cavitation, which can be produced by using venturi-type devices or rotor-stator generators, where the high turbulence created by bubble collapse facilitates mass transfer in such processes. Hydrodynamic cavitation can create small voids within the liquid. These small voids rapidly expand and close, causing violent impact between the liquid particles, thereby creating pressures of several thousand to tens of thousands of atmospheres. The violent interaction among the particles can cause the temperature of the liquid to rise suddenly, and play a good role in stirring, so that two immiscible liquids (such as water and oil) are emulsified, the dissolution of solutes is accelerated, the chemical reaction is accelerated, and the preparation of the biodiesel can be effectively carried out by utilizing the hydrodynamic cavitation.
CN110846136A discloses a method for preparing biodiesel by cottonseed oil, which adopts organic base as a catalyst to carry out ester exchange reaction by a one-step method to produce biodiesel, and a cavitation device, an ultrasonic reactor or a cavitation device with more than two stages and the ultrasonic reactor are connected in series to strengthen the reaction process. The cavitation devices of the method are mutually separated, effective synergy is not formed, the preparation process is complex, and the preparation efficiency is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing biodiesel synthesis technology, the invention provides the biodiesel synthesis strengthening with high synthesis efficiency and good effect, and the biodiesel is prepared by strengthening the reaction of triglyceride and methanol by using the cavitation technology.
The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device adopts the following technical scheme:
the device comprises a stator, a rotor, a rotating shaft, an ultraviolet emitter, an ultrasonic transducer and a catalyst injection device, wherein the stator is a sealed cylinder, the ultrasonic transducer is distributed on the inner wall of the stator, the ultraviolet emitter is arranged on the stator, a discharge port and a feed port are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the stator, the catalyst injection device is connected with one side of the feed port, the rotating shaft is installed in the stator, the rotor is positioned in the stator and installed on the rotating shaft, blades are distributed on the rotor, cavities are arranged in the blades, and cavitation through holes are distributed in the blades on two sides of the cavities.
The catalyst injection device comprises a catalyst conveying pipe, a catalyst pump and a catalyst bin which are sequentially connected, wherein TiO is placed in the catalyst bin2Catalyst, TiO2The catalyst is conveyed and injected into the stator by a catalyst pump through a catalyst conveying pipe, and the injection concentration is 1.5-3.5 mg/L.
The ultrasonic transducers are embedded into the inner wall of the stator in the axial direction and the circumferential direction at equal intervals, and each ring is 2-8 and 2-6 rings.
The ultrasonic transducer is connected with an ultrasonic generator, the frequency of the ultrasonic generator is 30-60 kHz, and the single-machine power is 1500-3000W.
The ultraviolet generator is embedded into the side face of the stator in a circumferential array and equal-angle equal-distribution mode, 2-12 ultraviolet generators are arranged on each side, and the single-machine power is 15-100W; the ultraviolet generators on the two sides are equal in number and correspond to one another.
The feed inlet and the discharge outlet are arranged diagonally to prevent short flow. The feeding flow of the feeding hole is 1.5-4.5 m3/h。
The rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 4000-4500 r/min, and 2-6 rotors are equidistantly distributed on the rotating shaft.
4-10 blades are distributed on the rotor,
the inner diameter of the stator is 300-600 mm, the width of the stator is 200-500 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-40 mm. The blade is 50-200 mm long, 30-60 mm wide and 20-40 mm thick. The two sides of the stator are conical to improve the cavitation effect and the ultraviolet irradiation effect.
The reaction temperature in the stator is 50-80 ℃ (the heating effect is from cavitation phenomenon).
The axial line of the cavitation through hole is consistent with the rotation tangential direction of the rotor, but not consistent with the axial direction of the rotor.
The cavitation through hole is of a Venturi-shaped structure, an outlet and an inlet are respectively formed in two ends of the cavitation through hole, a throat part is formed in the middle of the cavitation through hole, the inner diameters of the outlet and the inlet are 1-6 mm, and the inner diameter of the throat part is 0.4-1 mm; the contraction angle is 35-50 degrees, and the expansion angle is 8-15 degrees. The cavitation through holes are arranged in 4-10 rows and 3-10 rows of rectangular arrays on two sides of the blade cavity. The cavitation through holes are oppositely arranged at two sides of the blade cavity and aligned pairwise. The surface roughness Ra of the inner wall of the cavitation through hole is smaller than 1.6 mm.
In order to ensure the formation of cavitation and efficiently realize the biodiesel preparation process, the structure and the process parameters are obtained by actual preparation experiments.
The device adopts the rotary cavitation technology, innovatively drives the rotor through the high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft, and enables the fluid flow to efficiently generate cavitation bubbles through the Venturi-shaped cavitation through holes on the rotor. When the static pressure is restored the cavitation bubbles collapse and release a large amount of energy. The energy is expressed as a local hot spot of 5000K at most, high pressure of 1000bar, shock wave with huge power and high-speed microjet (150m/s), so that triglyceride and methanol are emulsified, the dissolution of solute is accelerated, and the ester exchange reaction speed can be accelerated through a high-temperature high-pressure environment, so that the aim of preparing biodiesel in an enhanced manner is fulfilled. The ultrasonic wave is coupled while the hydrodynamic cavitation effect is acted, so that the energy generated when the cavitation bubbles collapse can be greatly enhanced, and the intensity of the process is improved. In addition, the cavitation effect can continuously wash the surface of the photocatalyst, so that the photocatalyst keeps higher photocatalytic performance. Therefore, the combined use of the three can obtain the effect far higher than the sum of the preparation effects when the three are used independently.
Respectively delivering sunflower seed oil (triglyceride) and methanol solution (dissolved in NaOH solution) to stator of the device, and delivering TiO through catalyst delivery pipe2The catalyst is conveyed into the stator, the emulsification of the mixed liquid of the sunflower seed oil and the methanol is realized under the irradiation of the ultraviolet emitter, and meanwhile, the further emulsification of the mixed liquid is realized through hydraulic power and ultrasonic cavitation reaction, so that the preparation of FAME is realized, and finally the biodiesel is obtained.
According to the invention, through a preparation experiment of reinforced biodiesel, under the structure and the following working conditions: the inner diameter of the stator is 400mm, the width of the stator is 340mm, and the wall thickness is 30 mm; the length of the blade is 130mm, the width is 60mm, and the thickness is 30 mm; the inner diameters of the outlet and the inlet of the Venturi hole are 6mm, the inner diameter of the central throat part is 0.7mm, the contraction angle is 45 degrees, and the expansion angle is 11 degrees; the Venturi holes on the blades are arranged in a 5 multiplied by 4 rectangular array; each row of the ultrasonic transducers is 4, and the number of the ultrasonic transducers is 6; 2 ultrasonic generators with single machine power of 2000W; the number of the ultraviolet emitters on one side is 7, and the single-machine power is 45W; the following conclusions were obtained: at a speed of 4500rpm, the flow rate was 2.6m3The ultrasonic frequency was 40kHz, the reaction temperature was 75 ℃ and the waste soybean frying oil (5L) was used as a raw material, and methanol (oleyl alcohol ratio 1:6) and base catalyst KOH (concentration 1 wt.%), FAME conversion within 200 seconds of hydrodynamic cavitation alone was 76 wt.%; by using the device to couple hydrodynamic cavitation, ultrasonic cavitation and photocatalysis technologies, the conversion rate can reach 99 wt.% within 100 seconds, so that the process flow is efficient and environment-friendly to the biodiesel preparation process.
The invention has the following characteristics:
1. the device disclosed by the invention combines the hydrodynamic cavitation, ultrasonic cavitation technology and the photocatalysis technology, the efficiency is far higher (can be improved by more than 3-4 times) than that of a method for singly using the hydrodynamic cavitation, the ultrasonic cavitation or the photocatalysis, the efficiency is high, the preparation amount of the biodiesel is large, and the continuous operation can be realized;
2. the cavitation through holes in the rotor of the device are in a Venturi structure, and the Venturi-shaped cavitation through holes at the two ends of the blades are aligned in pairs so as to realize two continuous cavitation processes on the premise of not changing the number of the blades, so that the cavitation effect is multiplied, and the cavitation efficiency is far higher than that of the traditional device;
3. the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall of the cavitation through hole of the rotor of the device is less than 1.6mm, so that the cavitation primary effect is enhanced, and further the cavitation efficiency is improved (the cavitation efficiency can be improved by more than 20% compared with that of the cavitation through hole which is not subjected to finish machining);
4. the device adopts the symmetrical distribution of a plurality of rotors, each rotor blade is provided with an array Venturi hole, and the inner wall of the stator is provided with the ultrasonic transducer and the ultraviolet emitter, so that the treatment efficiency of the hydrodynamic cavitation is greatly improved compared with the traditional cavitator;
5. the device has strong scalability, the sizes of the ultrasonic reactor and the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor can be changed according to the treatment requirement, and the requirement of larger biodiesel preparation amount can be met by replacing a high-power device;
6. the device efficiently couples hydrodynamic cavitation, ultrasonic cavitation and photocatalysis technologies, and the integrated equipment greatly simplifies the whole process flow;
7. in the running process of the device, the surfaces of the stator and the rotor of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor are periodically cavitated and cleaned, so that the device has a self-cleaning function;
8. the device has the advantages of simple structure, strong adaptability, convenient operation, safety, reliability and convenient maintenance;
9. the device is not limited to the preparation of biodiesel, and is expected to have good treatment effect on the preparation of other types of biofuel;
10. the photocatalyst used in the device of the present invention is not limited to TiO2Good treatment is also expected with other types of photocatalysts;
11. the structure and technological parameters of the device are obtained by actual preparation experiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stator and rotor in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stator, a rotating shaft and an ultraviolet emitter according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a feeding pipe, 2. a wedge key, 3. a mechanical seal, 4. a rotating shaft, 5. an angular contact ball bearing, 6. a sealing end cover, 7. a sealing cover, 8. a stator, 9. a gasket, 10. an ultrasonic transducer, 11. an ultrasonic generator, 12. a catalyst bin, 13. a cavitation through hole, 14. a rotor, 15. a catalyst conveying pipe, 16. a catalyst pump, 17. an ultraviolet emitter, 18. a control valve, 19. a discharge hole, 20. a blade, 21. a cavity, 22. an electromagnetic valve, 23. an electromagnetic valve, 24. the device, 25. a sunflower seed oil tank and 26. a methanol tank.
Detailed Description
The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device comprises a stator 8, a rotor 14, a rotating shaft 4, an ultraviolet emitter 17, an ultrasonic transducer 10 and a catalyst injection device, as shown in figures 1 and 2. The catalyst injection device is connected to one side of the stator and comprises a catalyst conveying pipe 15, a catalyst pump 16 and a catalyst bin 12 which are connected in sequence. Is placed in the catalyst bin 12TiO2Catalyst, TiO2The mixture enters the stator 8 through the catalyst conveying pipe 15 under the control of the catalyst pump 16, and the concentration is 1.5-3.5 mg/L, so that the mixture of the sunflower seed oil (triglyceride) and the methanol is fully emulsified, and the biodiesel is further prepared.
The stator 8 is a hollow sealed revolving body and is formed by enclosing two half shells, the middle joint is connected through a bolt, and a sealing gasket is arranged at the joint. The outer sides of the two half-shells are tapered. The two opposite sides of the stator 8 are provided with angular contact ball bearings 5, a sealing cover 7 is arranged outside the bearing, a sealing end cover 6 is connected to the sealing cover 7, and a sealing ring is arranged at the connecting position to form a sealing structure.
An ultrasonic transducer 10 is mounted on the inner wall of the stator 8. The ultrasonic transducers are embedded into the inner wall of the stator at equal intervals along the axial direction and the circumferential direction, and 2-8 ultrasonic transducers are embedded into each circle for 2-6 circles. Each ultrasonic transducer 10 is connected to an ultrasonic generator 11. The number of the ultrasonic generators 11 is 1-4, the frequency is 30-60 kHz, and the single-machine power is 1500-3000W. After the ultrasonic wave is coupled, the energy generated when the cavitation bubble collapses can be greatly enhanced, the generation of hydroxyl free radicals is promoted, and the emulsification effect is promoted.
The stator 8 is provided with an ultraviolet emitter 17, referring to fig. 3, the ultraviolet emitter 17 is embedded in the side surface of the stator 8 in a circumferential array and equal angle equal division mode, 2-12 ultraviolet emitters are arranged on each side, the single-machine power is 15-100W, and the stators are fixed through a sealing structure; the ultraviolet generators on the two sides are equal in number and correspond to each other one by one, so that the same illumination intensity in different areas in the stator 1 can be ensured, the photocatalytic reaction can be efficiently carried out, and the preparation of the biodiesel is carried out to the maximum extent.
The lower part of one side of the stator 8 is provided with a discharge port 18, and the upper part of the opposite side is provided with a feed port 1. The inlet port 1 and the outlet port 19 are diagonally arranged to prevent a short flow phenomenon. The feed port 1 and the discharge port 19 are connected to a control valve 18, respectively, for controlling the flow rate. The feeding flow of the feeding hole is 1.5-4.5 m3H is used as the reference value. The stator 8 is connected to a catalyst transport pipe 15 on the side of the feed port 1. Because the cavitation collapse continuously generates heat, the reaction temperature in the stator is 50-80 ℃.
The rotating shaft 4 is installed in a stator 8 through an angular contact ball bearing 5, one end of the rotating shaft extends out of a sealing cover 7, and the rotating shaft is connected with a power device (motor) through a coupler and a speed increaser in sequence to drive a rotor 14 to rotate in the stator 8. The connection position of the two ends of the rotating shaft 4 and the stator 8 is provided with a mechanical seal 3 outside the stator 8 and inside a seal cover 7 to ensure the tightness of the device. The rotating speed of the rotating shaft 4 is 4000-4500 r/min. The rotor 14 is arranged in the cavity of the stator 8 and is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 4 through the wedge key 2. 2-6 rotors 14 are equidistantly distributed on the rotating shaft 4.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the rotor structure of the device of the present invention. The rotor 14 is a multi-blade impeller structure, and 4-10 blades 20 are distributed on the rotor. The blade is the cavity trapezium structure that has cavity 21, and blade 20 is long for 50 ~ 200mm, and the width is 30 ~ 60mm, and thickness is 20 ~ 40 mm. The cavity 21 provides a high-flow-rate low-pressure generating surface for the cavitation process, enhances the turbulent flow effect and enhances the cavitation effect. Cavitation through holes 13 are distributed in the blade 20 on two sides of the cavity 21, and the axial line of the cavitation through holes 13 is consistent with the rotation tangential direction of the rotor, but not consistent with the axial direction of the rotor. The cavitation through hole 13 is of a Venturi-shaped structure, an outlet and an inlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the cavitation through hole, a throat part is arranged in the middle of the cavitation through hole, the inner diameters of the outlet and the inlet are 1-6 mm, and the inner diameter of the throat part is 0.4-1 mm; the contraction angle is 35-50 degrees, and the expansion angle is 8-15 degrees. The cavitation through holes 13 are arranged on the blades in a rectangular array of 4-10 rows and 3-10 columns, and are beneficial to generation and collapse of cavitation bubbles. The cavitation through holes 13 on both sides of the cavity 21 are oppositely arranged and aligned pairwise. When the rotor rotates at a high speed, fluid enters from the large end of the Venturi hole on one side, flows through the throat part to generate cavitation and then flows out from the small end. The fluid then enters the venturi opening on the other side, again inducing cavitation. Therefore, the structure can realize two times of continuous cavitation processes on the premise of not changing the number of the blades, and the cavitation effect is multiplied. The surface roughness Ra of venturi hole inner wall is less than 1.6mm, is favorable to strengthening the cavitation primary effect, and then improves cavitation efficiency.
The cavitation phenomenon is a phenomenon in which, when a local pressure of a liquid is reduced to a temperature below a saturated vapor pressure, the liquid is vigorously vaporized at a certain temperature to generate cavitation bubbles. In the above device, the catalyst cabin passes through under the action of the catalyst pumpTransporting the TiO through the pipe2The catalyst is conveyed into the stator, the mixture of the sunflower seed oil (triglyceride) and the methanol is emulsified under the irradiation of the ultraviolet emitter, and meanwhile, the motor drives the rotor to rotate at a high speed, so that the Venturi hole in the rotor and the mixture move relatively, and the cavitation phenomenon is caused. In addition, the ultrasonic transducer directly acts on methanol and triglyceride by being immersed in liquid, thereby realizing ultrasonic cavitation. When the cavitation phenomenon occurs, the existence time of cavitation bubbles is about 0.1 mu s, and the cavitation bubbles can generate local high-temperature and high-pressure environments of about 5000K and 1000bar at the moment of explosion, so that unusual energy effects are generated, the conditions are sufficient for causing chemical bond breakage, water phase combustion, high-temperature thermal decomposition or free radical reaction of methanol and triglyceride in the cavitation bubbles, and the methanol and the triglyceride can be emulsified, so that the aim of preparing the biodiesel is fulfilled.
The technological process of the device of the invention is adopted, and as shown in fig. 5, the used facilities comprise a sunflower seed oil tank 25, a methanol tank 26, an electromagnetic valve 22, an electromagnetic valve 23 and the device 24 of the invention. Sunflower oil (triglycerides) in a sunflower oil tank 25 and methanol solution in a methanol tank 26 are fed to the inventive device 24 through two separate solenoid valves, a solenoid valve 22 and a solenoid valve 23, respectively.
The liquid flows into the stator 8 from the liquid inlet 1 on the stator 8, the rotating shaft 4 drives the rotor 14 to rotate at a high speed, so that the cavitation through holes 13 on the blades shear the fluid at a high speed, the local static pressure of the mixed liquid is lower than the saturated vapor pressure, and the hydrodynamic cavitation phenomenon is induced. Meanwhile, the external ultrasonic generator 11 converts electricity into a high-frequency alternating current signal matched with the ultrasonic transducer 10, and transmits the high-frequency alternating current signal to the ultrasonic transducer 10 embedded on the inner wall of the stator 8, and the ultrasonic transducer converts electric energy into sound energy to generate high-frequency ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic wave acts on the fluid to induce the ultrasonic cavitation phenomenon, thereby greatly increasing the number of cavitation bubbles generated by the hydraulic cavitation, improving the collapse intensity of the cavitation bubbles and improving the treatment efficiency. In addition, under the action of a catalyst pump 16, the catalyst bin 12 feeds TiO through a catalyst delivery pipe 152Is fed into the stator 8 and catalyzes the photolytic reaction produced by the irradiation of the uv emitter 17. Cavitation phenomenonSuch as the extreme high temperature, high pressure conditions that are generated greatly enhance the rate of photocatalytic reaction. And the cavitation effect can continuously wash the surface of the photocatalyst, so that the photocatalyst keeps higher photocatalytic performance, thereby further promoting the preparation effect. The three treatment processes are efficient, the emulsification effect is greatly improved, and the aim of preparing the biodiesel is better fulfilled. The treated mixed liquid flows out from a discharge port 19 on the left stator end cover and then enters a feed port 1 for circular treatment until a satisfactory synthetic result is obtained.

Claims (10)

1. A cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device is characterized in that: the device comprises a stator, a rotor, a rotating shaft, an ultraviolet emitter, an ultrasonic transducer and a catalyst injection device, wherein the stator is a sealed cylinder, the ultrasonic transducer is distributed on the inner wall of the stator, the ultraviolet emitter is arranged on the stator, a discharge port and a feed port are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the stator, the catalyst injection device is connected with one side of the feed port, the rotating shaft is installed in the stator, the rotor is positioned in the stator and installed on the rotating shaft, blades are distributed on the rotor, cavities are arranged in the blades, and cavitation through holes are distributed in the blades on two sides of.
2. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the catalyst injection device comprises a catalyst conveying pipe, a catalyst pump and a catalyst bin which are sequentially connected, wherein TiO is placed in the catalyst bin2Catalyst, TiO2The catalyst is conveyed and injected into the stator by a catalyst pump through a catalyst conveying pipe, and the injection concentration is 1.5-3.5 mg/L. The reaction temperature in the stator is 50-80 ℃.
3. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic transducers are embedded in the inner wall of the stator at equal intervals along the axial direction and the circumferential direction, and 2-8 ultrasonic transducers are embedded in each circle for 2-6 circles; the ultrasonic transducer is connected with an ultrasonic generator, the frequency of the ultrasonic generator is 30-60 kHz, and the single-machine power is 1500-3000W.
4. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ultraviolet generator is embedded in the side face of the stator in a circumferential array and equal-angle equal-division mode, the number of the ultraviolet generator on each side is 2-12, and the single-machine power is 15-100W.
5. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding flow of the feeding hole is 1.5-4.5 m3/h。
6. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 4000-4500 r/min.
7. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: 2-6 rotors are equidistantly distributed on the rotating shaft; 4-10 blades are distributed on the rotor.
8. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the axial line of the cavitation through hole is consistent with the rotation tangential direction of the rotor.
9. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the stator is 300-600 mm, the width of the stator is 200-500 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-40 mm; the blade is 50-200 mm long, 30-60 mm wide and 20-40 mm thick.
10. The cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cavitation through hole 13 is of a Venturi structure, an outlet and an inlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the cavitation through hole, a throat part is arranged in the middle of the cavitation through hole, the inner diameters of the outlet and the inlet are 1-6 mm, and the inner diameter of the throat part is 0.4-1 mm; the contraction angle is 35-50 degrees, and the expansion angle is 8-15 degrees; the cavitation through holes are arranged in 4-10 rows and 3-10 rows of rectangular arrays on two sides of the blade cavity; the cavitation through holes are oppositely arranged at two sides of the blade cavity and aligned pairwise; the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall of the cavitation through hole is smaller than 1.6 mm.
CN202011439656.5A 2020-12-11 2020-12-11 Cavitation and photocatalysis integrated biodiesel synthesis strengthening device Withdrawn CN112717860A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113562807A (en) * 2021-09-26 2021-10-29 中国海洋大学 Rotary oscillation cavitation device based on collision impact

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113562807A (en) * 2021-09-26 2021-10-29 中国海洋大学 Rotary oscillation cavitation device based on collision impact
CN113562807B (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-02-18 中国海洋大学 Rotary oscillation cavitation device based on collision impact

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