CN112713777B - Hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit - Google Patents

Hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit Download PDF

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CN112713777B
CN112713777B CN202110053002.7A CN202110053002A CN112713777B CN 112713777 B CN112713777 B CN 112713777B CN 202110053002 A CN202110053002 A CN 202110053002A CN 112713777 B CN112713777 B CN 112713777B
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module
resistor
capacitor
voltage
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CN112713777A (en
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欧阳启坚
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State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/26Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit, which comprises a kinetic energy conversion electric energy module, a rectification filter module, a square wave signal generation module, an alternating current signal generation module, a voltage transformation rectification filter module, a switch conduction module, a voltage stabilization module and a load working module, wherein the kinetic energy conversion electric energy module is connected with the rectification filter module, the rectification filter module is connected with the square wave signal generation module, the square wave signal generation module is connected with the alternating current signal generation module, the alternating current signal generation module is connected with the voltage transformation rectification filter module, the voltage transformation rectification filter module is connected with the switch conduction module, the switch conduction module is connected with the voltage stabilization module, and the voltage stabilization module is connected with the load working module. The invention realizes the purpose of outputting alternating current by regularly circulating the current passing through the transformer between the positive current and the negative current through the inverter and the amplifier, and changes the frequency of the output square wave signal to change the frequency of the output voltage.

Description

Hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power generation, in particular to a low-voltage load supply working circuit for hydroelectric power generation.
Background
The hydroelectric equipment mainly comprises a hydroelectric generating set and other auxiliary and supporting equipment. The production development speed of hydropower equipment in China is high, and the import and export markets are continuously developed. In the aspect of export of hydroelectric equipment, the water turbine and other parts (without regulators) of the water wheel and the hydroelectric generator set are mainly exported in China, wherein the export structure is continuously upgraded along with continuous breakthrough of research and development technologies of the hydroelectric equipment in China, and the export number of the hydroelectric generator set serving as a core product is continuously increased; in the aspect of import, China mainly imports hydroelectric equipment products to Germany, America and other countries. The fluctuation development of import and export markets, trade sequential state, constant tax exemption and other preferential policies of China encourage high-end products and technology introduction. In the future, the international brand competitiveness of hydropower equipment products in China will be continuously enhanced. Hydroelectric equipment mainly refers to equipment used for hydroelectric power generation, and comprises main equipment: hydroelectric generating sets, also known as hydro-turbo generating sets (turbines, hydro-generators and their accessories) and other equipment: auxiliary equipment and matched equipment (an air cooler, a speed reducer, a speed regulator, a valve, opening and closing equipment, a water guide pipe and the like). The production development speed of hydropower equipment in China is high, and the import and export markets are continuously developed. In the import and export markets of hydropower equipment in China, according to international trade commodity codes (HS codes) of the United nations and related product descriptions, the main body framework of the hydropower equipment is classified into other parts (excluding regulators) of water turbines and water wheels; regulators for water turbines and water wheels; a hydroelectric generating set.
The alternating current that generator on the existing market will often export has fixed frequency, is not suitable enough in some special circumstances, needs improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a hydroelectric power supply hangs down volt load work circuit, includes that kinetic energy converts the electric energy module into, rectification filter module, square wave signal produces the module, alternating current signal produces the module, vary voltage rectification filter module, switch switches on module, voltage stabilizing module, load work module, kinetic energy converts the electric energy module into and connects rectification filter module, and rectification filter module connects square wave signal and produces the module, and square wave signal produces the module and connects alternating current signal and produces the module, and alternating current signal produces the module and connects vary voltage rectification filter module, and vary voltage rectification filter module connects switch and switches on the module, and switch switches on the module and connects voltage stabilizing module, and voltage stabilizing module connects load work module.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the module for converting kinetic energy into electric energy comprises stressed blades Y and a generator X, the rectifying and filtering module comprises a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a capacitor C1, an inductor L1 and a resistor R1, the square wave signal generating module comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, an amplifier U1, a resistor R5, a resistor R4, a potentiometer RP1, a capacitor C2, a diode D7 and a diode D8, the alternating current signal generating module comprises an amplifier U3, an inverter U4, a voltage VCC and a voltage VSS, the transforming and rectifying and filtering module comprises a transformer W, a diode D9, a diode D10, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4 and an inductor L2, the switching conducting module comprises a resistor R6, a switch S1, a resistor R7 and a diode D11, the voltage stabilizing module comprises a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, an integrated circuit U7, a resistor R7 and a diode 7, the load working module is composed of a load F.
The stressed blade Y is connected with a generator X, a pin No. 1 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D1 and the cathode of a diode D4, a pin No. 2 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D2 and the cathode of a diode D5, a pin No. 3 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D3 and the cathode of a diode D6, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the cathode of a diode D3, a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1, the anode of a diode D4 is connected with the anode of a diode D5, the anode of the diode D5, the other end of the capacitor C5 and a resistor R5, the other end of the inductor L5 is connected with the other end of the resistor R5 and the same-phase end of the amplifier U5, the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded, the inverting-phase end of the amplifier U5 is connected with the capacitor C5 and the cathode of the diode D5, the negative electrode of the diode D7 is connected with the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the output ends of the potentiometer RP1, the resistor R5 and the amplifier U1, the other end of the potentiometer RP1 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D8, and the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded.
The output end of the amplifier U1 is connected with the input end of the inverter U4 and one end of the input end of the transformer W, the output end of the inverter U4 is connected with the inverting end of the amplifier U3, the in-phase end of the amplifier U3 is connected with a voltage VCC, the power supply end of the amplifier U3 is grounded, the ground end of the amplifier U3 is connected with a voltage VSS, the output end of the amplifier U3 is connected with the other end of the input end of the transformer W, one end of the output end of the transformer W is connected with the anode of the diode D9 and the anode of the diode D10 at the other end of the output end of the transformer W, the middle part of the output end coil of the transformer W is connected with the capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4, the cathode of the diode D10 is connected with the cathode of the diode D9, the other end of the capacitor C3 and the inductor L2, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C4 and the resistor R6, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the switch S1.
The other end of the switch S1 is connected with a resistor R7, a capacitor C5, the cathode of a diode D12 and the input end of an integrated circuit U2, the other end of a resistor R7 is connected with the anode of a diode D11, the cathode of a diode D11 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the anode of a diode D12 is connected with the output end of the integrated circuit U2, a resistor R8, a diode D13, a capacitor C7 and a load F, the ground end of the integrated circuit U2 is connected with a potentiometer RP2, the other end of the resistor R8, the anode of the diode D13 and the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded, the other end of the potentiometer RP2 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded, and the other end of the load F is grounded.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the voltage VCC is a negative voltage, and the absolute value of VCC is less than the absolute value of the voltage VSS.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the voltage VSS is a positive voltage, which is the same as the high level of the voltage at the output terminal of the amplifier U1.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the diode D1, the diode D2, the diode D3, the diode D4, the diode D5, the diode D6, the diode D7, the diode D8, the diode D9 and the diode D10 are current-limiting diodes, the diode D11 is a light-emitting diode, and the diode D12 and the diode D13 are voltage-stabilizing diodes.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the inverter U4 is TA 7666P.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the amplifier U1 and the amplifier U3 are AD 8606.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the integrated circuit U2 is LM 317.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the capacitor C1, the capacitor C3, the capacitor C4, the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 are polar capacitors.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the capacitor C2 achieves the charging purpose through an output end of an amplifier U1, a potentiometer RP1, a diode D8 and a capacitor C2, and achieves the discharging purpose through a capacitor C2, a diode D7, a resistor R4 and a resistor R5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes the purpose of outputting alternating current by regularly circulating the current passing through the transformer between the positive current and the negative current through the inverter and the amplifier, and changes the frequency of the output voltage by changing the frequency of the output square wave signal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit.
Fig. 3 is a pin diagram of AD 8606.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, a hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit, a kinetic energy conversion module for converting electric energy into electric energy, a rectification filter module for converting alternating current into direct current, a square wave signal generation module for generating a specific frequency, an alternating current signal generation module for converting direct current into alternating current, a transformation rectification filter module for AC-AC and AC-DC, a switch module for circuit conduction, a voltage stabilization module for stabilizing output voltage, and a load working module for load working, wherein the kinetic energy conversion module is connected with the rectification filter module, the rectification filter module is connected with the square wave signal generation module, the square wave signal generation module is connected with the alternating current signal generation module, the alternating current signal generation module is connected with the transformation rectification filter module, and the transformation rectification filter module is connected with the switch conduction module, the switch conduction module is connected with the voltage stabilizing module, and the voltage stabilizing module is connected with the load working module.
As shown in fig. 2, the module for converting kinetic energy into electric energy comprises a stressed blade Y and a generator X, the rectifying and filtering module comprises a diode D1, a capacitor C1, an inductor L1 and a resistor R1, the square-wave signal generating module comprises a resistor R1, an amplifier U1, a resistor R1, a potentiometer RP1, a capacitor C1, a diode D1 and a diode D1, the ac signal generating module comprises an amplifier U1, an inverter U1, a voltage VCC and a voltage VSS, the transforming and rectifying and filtering module comprises a transformer W, a diode D1, a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1, the switching and switching module comprises a resistor R1, a switch S1, a resistor R1 and a diode D1, the voltage stabilizing module comprises a capacitor C1, an integrated circuit U1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R1, a diode D1, a diode 1 and a diode 1, The diode D13 and the potentiometer RP2, and the load working module is composed of a load F.
The stressed blade Y is connected with a generator X, a pin No. 1 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D1 and the cathode of a diode D4, a pin No. 2 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D2 and the cathode of a diode D5, a pin No. 3 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D3 and the cathode of a diode D6, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the cathode of a diode D3, a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1, the anode of a diode D4 is connected with the anode of a diode D5, the other end of a capacitor C5 and a resistor R5, the other end of the inductor L5 is connected with the other end of a resistor R5, the inductor L5, the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C5 are used for filtering and filtering the direct current so that the direct current is stable, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the same phase end of the amplifier U5 and the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded, the other end of the amplifier U5 is connected with the same phase of the capacitor C5, the capacitor C2 controls the output voltage of the amplifier U1 through absorbing and discharging electric energy to achieve the purpose of outputting square waves, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the anode of the diode D7 and the cathode of the diode D8, the cathode of the diode D7 is connected with the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the output ends of the potentiometer RP1, the resistor R5 and the amplifier U1, the other end of the potentiometer RP1 is connected with the anode of the diode D8, and the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded.
The output end of the amplifier U1 is connected with the input end of the inverter U4 and one end of the input end of the transformer W, the output end of the inverter U4 is connected with the inverting end of the amplifier U3, the inverter U4 inverts the input signal by 180 degrees and converts the positive current into the negative current and converts the negative current into the positive current, the in-phase end of the amplifier U3 is connected with the voltage VCC, the power supply end of the amplifier U3 is grounded, the ground end of the amplifier U3 is connected with the voltage VSS, the output end of the amplifier U3 is connected with the other end of the input end of the transformer W, one end of the output end of the transformer W is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D9 and the positive electrode of the diode D10 at the other end of the output end of the transformer W, the middle part of the output end coil of the transformer W is connected with the capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4, the negative electrode of the diode D10 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode D9, the other end of the capacitor C3 and the inductor L2, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C4 and the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the switch S1.
The other end of the switch S1 is connected with a resistor R7, a capacitor C5, the cathode of a diode D12 and the input end of an integrated circuit U2, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the anode of a diode D11, the cathode of the diode D11 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, parasitic oscillation is eliminated by a capacitor C5, ripples are suppressed by the capacitor C6, the transient response of a stabilized voltage power supply is improved by the capacitor C7, the anode of the diode D12 is connected with the output end of the integrated circuit U2, the resistor R8, the diode D13, the capacitor C7 and a load F, the ground end of the integrated circuit U2 is connected with a potentiometer RP2, the other end of a resistor R8, the anode of the diode D13 and the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded, the other end of the potentiometer RP2 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded, and the other end of the load F is grounded.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the water flow impact makes the stressed blade Y rotate to drive the generator X to rotate, the iron core of the generator X moves in a magnetic field to generate a magnetic-electricity generating effect and generate current, the generated voltage frequency is influenced by the water flow impact to make the alternating voltage frequency unstable, the alternating voltage frequency is output to stable direct current through rectification and filtering and is output to a non-inverting terminal of an amplifier U1 (AD 8606), an inverting terminal capacitor C2 of the amplifier U1 achieves the purpose of controlling the inverting terminal voltage of the amplifier U1 through absorbing and discharging to make the amplifier U1 output a square wave signal, the output signal is output to one end of an input end of a transformer W at a high level, the high level is converted to an inverting level through an inverter U4 (TA 7666P), the non-inverting terminal voltage of the amplifier U3 (AD 8606) is larger than the non-output voltage, when the output signal is at a low level, the voltage generated through the inverter U4 is larger than the non-inverting terminal voltage VCC of the amplifier U3, the VSS voltage is output by the amplifier U3, the voltage is the same as the high level of a square wave signal and is output to the other end of the input end of the transformer W, two currents with the same magnitude and opposite directions run back and forth at the input end of the transformer W to generate alternating current, the alternating current is output to the diode D9 and the diode D8 through the transformer W, the output is direct current, the voltage at the time of the negative pole is equivalent to the voltage at the middle of the output end of the transformer W, full-wave rectification can be achieved only by two diodes, the output voltage is stabilized and is output to a load X to work through the voltage stabilizer U2 (LM 317) when the switch S1 is closed, the output voltage of the voltage stabilizer U2 can be changed by the potentiometer RP2, and power supply of different loads can be guaranteed.
In embodiment 2, based on embodiment 1, fig. 3 is a pin diagram of an AD8606, where the AD8606 is a dual-rail input and output, single power amplifier, and has characteristics of extremely low offset voltage, low input voltage and current noise, and wide signal bandwidth. The amplifiers adopt Digiterm adjusting patent technology of ADI company, and can achieve excellent precision without laser adjustment. The combination of low offset, low noise, very low input bias current, and high speed characteristics make these amplifiers suitable for a variety of applications.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. A hydroelectric power supply low-voltage load working circuit comprises a kinetic energy conversion electric energy module, a rectification filter module, a square wave signal generation module, an alternating current signal generation module, a voltage transformation rectification filter module, a switch conduction module, a voltage stabilization module and a load working module, and is characterized in that the kinetic energy conversion electric energy module is connected with the rectification filter module, the rectification filter module is connected with the square wave signal generation module, the square wave signal generation module is connected with the alternating current signal generation module, the alternating current signal generation module is connected with the voltage transformation rectification filter module, the voltage transformation rectification filter module is connected with the switch conduction module, the switch conduction module is connected with the voltage stabilization module, the voltage stabilization module is connected with the load working module, the kinetic energy conversion electric energy module is composed of stressed blades Y and a generator X, and the rectification filter module is composed of diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, The square wave signal generating module comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, an amplifier U1, a resistor R5, a potentiometer RP 5, a capacitor C5, a diode D5 and a diode D5, the alternating current signal generating module comprises an amplifier U5, an inverter U5, a voltage VCC and a voltage VSS, the voltage transformation rectification filter module comprises a transformer W, a diode D5, a capacitor C5 and an inductor L5, the switch conducting module comprises a resistor R5, a switch S5, a resistor R5 and a diode D5, the voltage stabilizing module comprises a capacitor C5, an integrated circuit U5, a resistor R5, a diode D5 and a potentiometer RP 5, and the load working module comprises a load F;
the stressed blade Y is connected with a generator X, a pin No. 1 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D1 and the cathode of a diode D4, a pin No. 2 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D2 and the cathode of a diode D5, a pin No. 3 of the generator X is connected with the anode of a diode D3 and the cathode of a diode D6, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the cathode of a diode D3, a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1, the anode of a diode D4 is connected with the anode of a diode D5, the anode of a diode D6, the other end of a capacitor C1 and a resistor R1, the other end of an inductor L1 is connected with the other end of a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, the other end of a resistor R2 is connected with the same-phase end of a resistor R3 and an amplifier U1, the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded, the inverted phase end of an amplifier U1 is connected with the other end of a capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, the other end of the anode of the diode D7 is connected with the other end of the other diode D5959595925 of the capacitor C2 of the capacitor C4, The negative electrode of the diode D8, the negative electrode of the diode D7 are connected with the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the output ends of the potentiometer RP1, the resistor R5 and the amplifier U1, the other end of the potentiometer RP1 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D8, and the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded;
the output end of the amplifier U1 is connected with the input end of the inverter U4 and one end of the input end of the transformer W, the output end of the inverter U4 is connected with the inverting end of the amplifier U3, the in-phase end of the amplifier U3 is connected with a voltage VCC, the power end of the amplifier U3 is grounded, the ground end of the amplifier U3 is connected with a voltage VSS, the output end of the amplifier U3 is connected with the other end of the input end of the transformer W, one end of the output end of the transformer W is connected with the anode of the diode D9, the other end of the output end of the transformer W is connected with the anode of the diode D10, the middle part of the output end coil of the transformer W is connected with the capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4, the cathode of the diode D10 is connected with the cathode of the diode D9, the other end of the capacitor C3 and the inductor L2, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C4 and the resistor R6, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the switch S1;
the other end of the switch S1 is connected with a resistor R7, a capacitor C5, the cathode of a diode D12 and the input end of an integrated circuit U2, the other end of a resistor R7 is connected with the anode of a diode D11, the cathode of a diode D11 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the anode of a diode D12 is connected with the output end of the integrated circuit U2, a resistor R8, the cathode of the diode D13, a capacitor C7 and a load F, the ground terminal of the integrated circuit U2 is connected with a potentiometer RP2, the other end of the resistor R8, the anode of the diode D13 and the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded, the other end of the potentiometer RP2 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded, and the other end of the load F is grounded.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein VCC is a negative voltage and VCC is less than VSS.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage VSS is a positive voltage that is the same as the high level of the voltage at the output of the amplifier U1.
4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10 are current limiting diodes, D11 is a light emitting diode, and D12, D13 are voltage stabilizing diodes.
5. The hydropower fed low-voltage load operating circuit of claim 1, wherein the inverter U4 is in a model number TA 7666P.
6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the amplifiers U1 and U3 are AD 8606.
7. The hydropower supplied low voltage load operating circuit of claim 1, wherein the integrated circuit is model U2, model LM 317.
8. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the capacitors C1, C3, C4, C6 and C7 are polar capacitors.
9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the capacitor C2 is charged by the output of the amplifier U1-potentiometer RP 1-diode D8-capacitor C2, and discharged by the capacitor C2-diode D7-resistor R4-resistor R5.
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