CN112713610A - 孤网电站功率管理方法 - Google Patents

孤网电站功率管理方法 Download PDF

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CN112713610A
CN112713610A CN202011523443.0A CN202011523443A CN112713610A CN 112713610 A CN112713610 A CN 112713610A CN 202011523443 A CN202011523443 A CN 202011523443A CN 112713610 A CN112713610 A CN 112713610A
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load
power
power grid
shedding
load shedding
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张学忍
王玉恒
许铁岩
韦炜
马翼
孙鹏
尹菲
林枫
李伟顺
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Harbin Guanghan Gas Turbine Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供孤网电站功率管理方法，包括功率分配方法、减载方法，根据电网上的参数与设定值进行比较，根据偏差计算出机组输出，然后计算出网内每台机组输出增量送到燃气轮机调节器进行调节；当电网中有机组跳闸或其它原因造成的系统频率及电压异常时，剩余机组无法承载全部负荷，为保证电网运行稳定，不造成电网崩溃，将一些相对不重要的负荷快速切除，降低电网总负荷，以使电网尽快达到新的平衡点。本发明可同时控制不同厂家及型号的发电机组，被控机组数量没有限制，功能上不但可以实现有功功率及无功功率按比例分配，还可实现母线电压及频率调节，低频减载功能可根据频率值计算出所需切除负荷的大小，实现精确减载控制。

Description

孤网电站功率管理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种电力管理方法，具体地说是孤网电站管理方法。
背景技术
对于远离大电网的地区，建设孤网电站成为首选。由两台及以上发电机组组成的孤网电站，需要将电网负荷在多台机组之间进行分配，由于现场负载类型复杂多样，孤网电站相对容量较小，单机功率较大的设备占电网容量的比重较大，在某个发电机组故障停机或大设备启停时会对电网造成较强的冲击，造成电网电压、频率剧烈波动，有可能对其它用电设备造成损坏，严重时会造成整个电网崩溃，对现场安全构成极大威胁，同时造成重大经济损失。因此需要功率控制系统用于完成负荷分配并维持电网稳定。
一般的功率管理系统仅对电网上有功负荷在运行中的机组之间进行平均分配，并在电网出现异常时将一定的负荷切除，如果电网仍不能恢复正常，再继续切除一定的负荷。另外一种功率管理系统是利用发电机组控制系统之间的通讯实现的，这种方式要求机组控制系统为同一厂家的产品，并且要实现减载功能，每套机组控制系统都需要接入同样的负荷信号，不但成本高而且系统实现复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供可同时控制不同厂家及型号的发电机组，被控机组数量没有限制，功能上不但可以实现有功功率及无功功率按比例分配，还可实现母线电压及频率调节，低频减载功能可根据频率值计算出所需切除负荷的大小，实现精确减载控制，同时还具有旋转备用余量不足减载、跳机减载功能的孤网电站功率管理方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明孤网电站功率管理方法，其特征是：包括功率分配方法，功率分配方法具体为：根据孤网电站所有负载所需的总有功功率及网内所有在线机组的出力能力，再根据每台机组的有差不等率、备用功率等参数计算出每台机组输出有功功率的预测值，将有功功率预测值与操作员设定值进行比较，判断当前实际输出与设定值偏差是否在死区内，如果偏差大于死区，需要计算出每台机组有功功率输出增量送到燃机控制器进行调节，整个电网内的有功功率偏差需要根据每台机组特性按比例分配给全部机组：有n台运行中的机组，最大输出功率分别为P1max、P2max…Pnmax，网上所需总负荷为P，则每台机组所应输出功率为：
Figure BDA0002849652530000021
本发明还可以包括：
1、还包括减载方法，减载方法具体为：建立负荷分级表，将所有可被切除的中高压用电设备按照工艺系统重要性划分为7个等级，将最不重要的负荷设定为1级，最重要的负荷设定为7级负荷，当电网频率低于减载设定值、网上旋转备用功率不足或有机组发生跳机时，如电网旋转备用功率大于预设值则不需要执行减载，否则进入减载流程，首先判断当前是否正在执行减载过程，如正在执行，则需等待一定时间后继续；如没有执行减载程序，将“切除负荷累积变量”清零，从负荷分级表由低到高获取预切除负荷的功率加入“切除负荷累积变量”；判断“切除负荷累积变量”是否大于当前电网实时负荷，如“切除负荷累积变量”大于当前电网实时负荷则将“切除负荷累积变量”中预切除负荷的断路器断开，完成减载过程，电网达到新平衡；如“切除负荷累积变量”小于当前电网实时负荷则继续从负荷分级表由低到高获取下一个预切除负荷加入累积变量，直到累积变量大于当前电网实时负荷，执行减载程序，电网恢复稳定。
本发明的优势在于：
1.可使机组输出保持在合理的区间内，提高了系统经济性并可延长机组使用寿命。
2.减小电网频率及电压波动对用电负荷的冲击，提高用电负荷使用寿命。
3.有效避免由于系统频率及电压异常或机组跳机引起的电网崩溃，减少由于电网断电造成的经济损失及人员伤害。
附图说明
图1为功率分配方法流程图；
图2为减载方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：
结合图1-2，从电网获取参数，从发电机组控制系统获取当前输出功率、最大可输出功率，从励磁保护系统获取发电机输出有功功率、无功功率、电压、频率等参数。
功率分配具体实施：见图1，系统根据孤网电站所有负载所需的总有功功率及网内所有在线机组的出力能力，再根据每台机组的有差不等率、备用功率等参数计算出每台机组输出有功功率的预测值，将有功功率预测值与操作员设定值进行比较，判断当前实际输出与设定值偏差是否在死区内，如果偏差大于死区，需要计算出每台机组有功功率输出增量送到燃机控制器进行调节，整个电网内的有功功率偏差需要根据每台机组特性按比例分配给全部机组；例如，有n台运行中的机组，最大输出功率分别为P1max、P2max…Pnmax，网上所需总负荷为P，则每台机组所应输出功率为：
Figure BDA0002849652530000031
减载功能具体实施：见图2，首先系统内建立了负荷分级表，将所有可被切除的中高压用电设备按照工艺系统重要性划分为7个等级，将最不重要的负荷设定为1级，最重要的负荷设定为7级负荷。当电网频率低于减载设定值、网上旋转备用功率不足或有机组发生跳机时，如电网旋转备用功率大于预设值则不需要执行减载，否则进入减载流程。首先判断当前是否正在执行减载过程，如正在执行，则需等待一定时间后继续；如没有执行减载程序，将“切除负荷累积变量”清零，从负荷分级表由低到高获取预切除负荷的功率加入“切除负荷累积变量”；判断“切除负荷累积变量”是否大于当前电网实时负荷，如“切除负荷累积变量”大于当前电网实时负荷则将“切除负荷累积变量”中预切除负荷的断路器断开，完成减载过程，电网达到新平衡；如“切除负荷累积变量”小于当前电网实时负荷则继续从负荷分级表由低到高获取下一个预切除负荷加入累积变量，直到累积变量大于当前电网实时负荷，执行减载程序，电网恢复稳定。
本发明根据每台机组最大可带负荷所占电网总负荷的比例实现有功功率及无功功率按比例分配。通过对每台机组的输出功率及转速、无功功率及励磁电压进行控制实现对电网参数的控制。
本发明可控制不同型号的发电机组组成的孤立电网，且机组数量不受限制；控制周期小于20ms，减载控制周期小于5ms。可实现有功功率、无功功率分配，对频率与电压同时进行调节；减载功能可计算出所需切除的负荷量，实现精确控制；通过减载功能实现对电网出现异常时的保护，防止电网崩溃。减载功能包括低频、备用功率不足及机组跳机减载，可精确计算出所需切除的负荷量，实现精确控制，同时由于控制周期短，控制精度更高，系统响应速度更快。
控制器、电源、控制网络、通讯网络、关键输入输出全部采用了冗余设计。

Claims (2)

1.孤网电站功率管理方法，其特征是：包括功率分配方法，功率分配方法具体为：根据孤网电站所有负载所需的总有功功率及网内所有在线机组的出力能力，再根据每台机组的有差不等率、备用功率等参数计算出每台机组输出有功功率的预测值，将有功功率预测值与操作员设定值进行比较，判断当前实际输出与设定值偏差是否在死区内，如果偏差大于死区，需要计算出每台机组有功功率输出增量送到燃机控制器进行调节，整个电网内的有功功率偏差需要根据每台机组特性按比例分配给全部机组：有n台运行中的机组，最大输出功率分别为P1max、P2max…Pnmax，网上所需总负荷为P，则每台机组所应输出功率为：
Figure FDA0002849652520000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的孤网电站功率管理方法，其特征是：还包括减载方法，减载方法具体为：建立负荷分级表，将所有可被切除的中高压用电设备按照工艺系统重要性划分为7个等级，将最不重要的负荷设定为1级，最重要的负荷设定为7级负荷，当电网频率低于减载设定值、网上旋转备用功率不足或有机组发生跳机时，如电网旋转备用功率大于预设值则不需要执行减载，否则进入减载流程，首先判断当前是否正在执行减载过程，如正在执行，则需等待一定时间后继续；如没有执行减载程序，将“切除负荷累积变量”清零，从负荷分级表由低到高获取预切除负荷的功率加入“切除负荷累积变量”；判断“切除负荷累积变量”是否大于当前电网实时负荷，如“切除负荷累积变量”大于当前电网实时负荷则将“切除负荷累积变量”中预切除负荷的断路器断开，完成减载过程，电网达到新平衡；如“切除负荷累积变量”小于当前电网实时负荷则继续从负荷分级表由低到高获取下一个预切除负荷加入累积变量，直到累积变量大于当前电网实时负荷，执行减载程序，电网恢复稳定。
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CN113255485A (zh) * 2021-05-13 2021-08-13 云南电网有限责任公司 一种水力发电机组并网模式的识别方法及装置
CN113572153A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-10-29 中广核工程有限公司 核电站外电网频率故障处理方法、装置、设备及系统
CN114336740A (zh) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-12 湖北清江水电开发有限责任公司 水电站机组孤网运行成组调节系统及方法

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CN107492913A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-19 哈尔滨广瀚燃气轮机有限公司 孤网电站pms功率管理系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113255485A (zh) * 2021-05-13 2021-08-13 云南电网有限责任公司 一种水力发电机组并网模式的识别方法及装置
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CN113572153A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-10-29 中广核工程有限公司 核电站外电网频率故障处理方法、装置、设备及系统
CN114336740A (zh) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-12 湖北清江水电开发有限责任公司 水电站机组孤网运行成组调节系统及方法
CN114336740B (zh) * 2021-12-15 2023-10-27 湖北清江水电开发有限责任公司 水电站机组孤网运行成组调节系统及方法

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