CN112713378A - Ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider, design method and multi-channel communication network terminal - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider, design method and multi-channel communication network terminal Download PDFInfo
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency circuits, and discloses an ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider, a design method and a multi-channel communication network terminal.A rough power divider model is designed through the joint simulation of a schematic diagram and a layout of an ADS (automatic dependent Surveillance) system; and optimizing a fine simulation model through HFSS. According to the invention, a rough power divider model is designed through the joint simulation of the schematic diagram and the layout of the ADS, then a fine simulation model is optimized through the HFSS, and finally, the test result of the designed 1G-15G ultra-wideband one-by-two power divider shows that the echo loss is less than-15 dB, the insertion loss is less than 2dB, and the isolation of two ports is less than-13 dB in the whole frequency band. The invention uses the waveguide to carry out transition, and the plane ground of the waveguide twice can not interfere with the microstrip line of the power divider, thereby greatly reducing reflection and loss; the resistors are welded on the surface by adopting the patch resistor, and the soldering tin is ensured to be less as much as possible when the resistors and the connectors are welded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency circuits, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider, a design method and a multi-channel communication network terminal.
Background
At present: the ultra-wideband technology has wide application prospect in a microwave system due to good concealment, high transmission rate, large space capacity and other excellent performances. The ultra-wideband technology has high requirements on frequency bands, and therefore, the fabrication of a broadband microwave radio-frequency device is an important research point. The power divider is a multi-port microwave network which divides input signal power into a plurality of paths to be output, and is widely applied to microblog equipment such as a multi-path communication network and a phase control array radar. The power divider can also be used in reverse to perform power combining, so it is also called power divider/combiner. The wilkinson power divider is mainly used in practical engineering because of its advantages of good phase characteristics, simple design and the like.
The microwave system has a rapidly increasing demand on the traditional power divider, and the technical requirements tend to the characteristics of wide frequency band, high performance and miniaturization, so the design difficulty of the power divider is also increased continuously. The power divider is a multi-port microwave network which divides input signal power into a plurality of paths to be output, and is widely applied to microblog equipment such as a multipath communication network and phased array radar. The power divider can also be used in reverse to perform power combining, so it is also called power divider/combiner. The wilkinson power divider is mainly used in practical engineering because of its advantages of good phase characteristics, simple design and the like. The microwave system has a rapidly increasing demand on the traditional power divider, and the technical requirements tend to the characteristics of wide frequency band, high performance and miniaturization, so the design difficulty of the power divider is also increased continuously.
The simple halving power divider belongs to a three-port network, the common lossless reciprocal three-port network cannot be completely matched, and the output ports are not isolated. The isolation requirement between channels in general radio frequency microwave engineering is high, and the theory of Wilkinson mainly introduces an isolation resistor in a simple power divider, and the power divider is changed into a consumed three-port network, so that the matching and isolation of a signal link are realized, and the performance of the power divider is improved.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the ultra-wideband power divider in the prior art mainly adopts a multi-section matching method, and the power divider obtained by the method has good performance and large volume and is easy to have overlarge loss in a frequency band.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: because the frequency band of the ultra-wideband power divider is wide, the required branches are too many, so that the size of the power divider is difficult to reduce, and the frequency band span of the power divider is large, so that the power divider has to have good transition in different frequency bands in order to ensure the performance of the power divider in the full frequency band range, and the in-band insertion loss of the power divider is difficult to be in a linear trend in the ultra-wideband.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: in modern society, there is a considerable demand for the word "portable", so that the size becomes one of the most important indexes of radio frequency circuits, and therefore, the size reduction of power dividers is crucial to the current applications. The linearity of the in-band insertion loss is decreased progressively, so that the performance of the radio frequency circuit can be analyzed more conveniently, and the accuracy of circuit design is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider, a design method and a multi-channel communication network terminal.
The invention is realized in such a way, and the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider comprises the following steps:
designing a rough power divider model through the joint simulation of the schematic diagram and the layout of the ADS;
and optimizing a fine simulation model through HFSS.
Firstly, a rough shape is designed by a quick assistant of ADS, but the power divider is still in a multi-section ring state, so that the number of rings is reduced by manually adjusting parameters of each ring; then, putting the obtained model into the ADS layout for analog simulation; and then performing combined simulation on the layout and the schematic diagram, and adjusting the parameters of the microstrip line to enable the microstrip line to meet the index requirements.
Then putting the obtained model into HFSS for simulation, and at the moment, optimizing parameters of the model to ensure that the parameters of the whole circuit meet the index requirement; and then adding a cavity to the power divider, observing the influence of an external cavity on the performance of the power divider, then adding a selected joint at the port of the power divider, simulating soldering tin at the joint, and finally adding a via hole on the power divider, wherein the position of the via hole is required to be noticed not to be too close to the microstrip line, so that the microstrip line is prevented from becoming a coplanar waveguide.
Further, the microstrip line with characteristic impedance Zc of the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider is divided into two paths, Zc is set to be 50 Ω, the impedances of the divided two paths of microstrip lines are Zc2 and Zc3 respectively, and the lengths are λ/4, λ is wavelength, if an equally-divided power divider is designed, the resistances of Zc2 and Zc3 should be the same, if the designed power divider is unequally divided, Zc2 and Zc3 are different, an isolation resistor R is required to be added at the tail ends of the two paths of microstrip lines, the corresponding voltages and powers are U1, U2, P2 and P3 respectively, the ratio of the output power of the port 3 to the output power of the port 2 is k2：
k2＝P3/P2；
While the lengths from port 2 and port 3 to port 1 are λ/4, the voltages at the two ports should be equal:
P2＝U2 2/Zc2；
P3＝U3 2/Zc3；
two formulas are divided and substituted into U2＝U3Obtaining:
Zc2＝k2Zc3；
suppose that:
R2＝kZc；
R3＝Zc/k；
obtaining:
to achieve isolation of the output ports:
in the case of equal division, P2＝P3And k is 1, deducing:
R2＝R3＝Zc；
R＝2Zc。
further, the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider roughly designs an approximate model of the power divider by using a design guide function of ADS, and adjusts the obtained third-order power divider; leading the ADS schematic diagram model into the layout, performing joint simulation on the layout and the schematic diagram of the ADS, and adjusting the model again; the obtained model was imported into HFSS for simulation.
Further, the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider adopts a joint with phi of 1.5mm in southwest microwave.
Further, the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider adopts the transition of matching of waveguide asymptotes during transition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider obtained by the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider, wherein holes are additionally formed on two sides of the power divider; all three ports of the power divider are matched by 50 omega; a triangle is cut at a matching branch in front of the annular structure, so that reflection during power generation is reduced, a resistor required by a third-order ring is positioned at a transition part of the ring and the ring, a used resistor is a chip resistor, so that cost can be reduced, a resistance value is designed according to a theory, a screw is positioned at a transition interface part, and an internal screw is positioned at two sides of the third-order ring and between two outputs.
Further, the cavity material of the power divider of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider is aluminum, the substrate medium is Rogers4003, the thickness of the substrate is 0.508mm, and the microstrip line material is copper.
Furthermore, the microstrip line adopts a copper-clad structure.
The invention also aims to provide a multipath communication network terminal, and the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider is installed on the multipath communication network terminal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a phased array radar equipped with the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the cavity structure of the ultra-wideband power divider is aluminum, the adopted dielectric plate is Rogers4350, the power divider is mainly applied to instruments with wide frequency bands such as frequency sources, the number of nodes adopted by most ultra-wideband power dividers is large, the size of the power divider is large, and three-order rings are adopted for full-band matching. Because the transition part is easy to generate loss and reflection, a special transition method is adopted, the waveguide is mainly used for transition, the two planar grounds of the waveguide cannot interfere with the microstrip line of the power divider, and the ground hole position of the waveguide ground is more critical due to the field structure of the transition part, so that the reflection and the loss can be greatly reduced. And in order to be attached to reality, the thickness of the medium plate is 0.254mm, so that the power divider is not easy to damage, but the performance parameters are greatly influenced. The resistors in the invention are all welded on the surface by adopting the patch resistor, so the thickness of the soldering tin also has great influence on the power divider, and the soldering tin is ensured to be less when the resistors and the joints are welded. The power divider is mainly of a microstrip line structure, and the position of the fixing screw also needs to ensure the microstrip line structure of the power divider, so that the screw is mainly positioned at the transition interface part, and the internal screw is mainly positioned at two sides of the three-step ring and between two outputs. The microstrip line mainly adopts a copper-clad structure.
According to the invention, a rough power divider model is designed through the joint simulation of the schematic diagram and the layout of the ADS, then a fine simulation model is optimized through the HFSS, and finally, the test result of the designed 1G-15G ultra-wideband one-by-two power divider shows that the echo loss is less than-15 dB, the insertion loss is less than 2dB, and the isolation of two ports is less than-13 dB in the whole frequency band.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a design method of an ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a 1.5mm phi joint provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of transition matching at a joint provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an actual diagram of the power divider S11 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an actual diagram of the power divider S21 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider, a design method and a multi-channel communication network terminal, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
s101: designing a rough power divider model through the joint simulation of the schematic diagram and the layout of the ADS;
s102: and optimizing a fine simulation model through HFSS.
Those skilled in the art can also implement the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider provided by the present invention by using other steps, and the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider provided by the present invention in fig. 1 is only one specific embodiment.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 design principle, simple halving power divider belongs to three-port network, and ordinary lossless reciprocity three-port network can not reach complete matching, and there is no isolation between output ports. The Wilkinson theory is mainly that an isolation resistor is introduced into a simple power divider, and the power divider is changed into a consumed three-port network, so that the matching and isolation of a signal link are realized, and the performance of the power divider is improved. The halved Wilkinson power divider structure of fig. 2.
First, a microstrip line having characteristic impedance Zc is divided into two paths, and Zc is set to 50 Ω for matching with a microwave system. The two divided microstrip lines have impedances Zc2 and Zc3 respectively and lengths of lambda/4 (lambda is wavelength), if the invention is to design an equally divided power divider, the resistances of Zc2 and Zc3 should be the same, and if the invention is designed to design an unequally divided power divider, Zc2 and Zc3 are different. In order to increase the isolation, an isolation resistor R is required to be added at the ends of the two microstrip lines, the corresponding voltages and powers are U1, U2, P2 and P3, respectively, and it is assumed that in general, the ratio of the output power of the port 3 to the output power of the port 2 is k2Namely:
k2＝P3/P2；
and the length from port 2 and port 3 to port 1 is λ/4, so the voltages at both ports should be equal. And because:
P2＝U2 2/Zc2；
P3＝U3 2/Zc3；
two formulas are divided and substituted into U2＝U3Obtaining:
Zc2＝k2Zc3；
suppose that:
R2＝kZc；
R3＝Zc/k；
the following can be obtained:
to achieve isolation of the output ports:
in the case of equal division, P2＝P3And k is 1, one can deduce:
R2＝R3＝Zc；
R＝2Zc；
the frequency band range of the two-path power divider is narrow, and ideal isolation and matching can be obtained only when the working frequency is equal to the central frequency. Theoretical analysis considers that increasing the number of power divider sections can expand the working bandwidth, but the introduced insertion loss is larger, and the miniaturization is an important index of the power divider nowadays, so the most suitable number of power divider sections needs to be selected according to technical indexes.
2 simulation modeling and optimization analysis
The invention designs an ultra wide band miniaturized power divider with a working frequency band of 1G-15G, which has the main technical indexes that: the reflection S11 of the port needs to be less than-10 dB, the fluctuation in the band in the whole frequency band needs to be less than +/-0.5 dB, and the power divider needing to be designed belongs to an ultra-wideband power divider and needs to be miniaturized, so that the selection of the section number of the power divider is very important.
The design of the invention firstly uses the design guide function of the ADS to roughly design the approximate model of the power divider, but if the index is completely input into the ADS, the obtained power divider is more than 20 sections and can not meet the requirement of miniaturization, therefore, the invention needs to slightly reduce the index, thereby obtaining a third-order power divider. The invention compresses the index, so the invention needs the third-order power divider obtained by manual adjustment, and the third-order power divider is better than the parameter required by the index on the theoretical model. And then, importing the ADS theoretical graph model into the layout, wherein the resistor used in the method is a chip resistor, so that the model of the resistor cannot be displayed in the layout, and the ADS layout and the schematic diagram need to be subjected to combined simulation, and the model needs to be adjusted again. Finally, the invention introduces the obtained model into HFSS for simulation. However, since the indexes of the present invention are strict, the present invention needs to take the whole module into consideration during the simulation, and therefore, during the modeling, the present invention needs to simulate the model of the external cavity and the model of the joint according to the actual object size, and even the present invention needs to take the welding resistance and the solder thickness of the joint into consideration.
The requirement on the flatness in the band is very high, so that the transition between the joint in the model and the power divider model is particularly important, the joint with phi of 1.5mm in southwest microwave is adopted in the design of the invention, and the structure of the joint is shown in fig. 3.
But also adopts a special structure in the transition, and mainly adopts the transition of matching the wave guide asymptotes, as shown in figure 4.
The isolation resistance of the power divider can be determined after fine tuning according to the theoretical isolation resistance of the multi-section power divider given in the book, and the obtained result is the simulation model of the power divider.
3 processing test
The cavity material of the power divider designed by the invention is aluminum, the substrate medium is Rogers4003, the thickness of the substrate is 0.508mm, the microstrip line material is copper, holes need to be punched on two sides of the power divider to ensure full grounding, and the coupling of the microstrip line can be ensured to be as small as possible. The joints of the three ports of the assembled power divider all adopt 1492-04A-6 of southwest microwave, so that the reflection of a transition band can be reduced to the minimum, and the loss of the power divider presents a linearly decreasing state potential with the increase of frequency. All three ports of the power divider are matched by 50 omega, so that the power divider is more suitable for various circuits. The cavity structure of the ultra-wideband power divider is aluminum, the adopted dielectric plate is Rogers4350, the power divider is mainly applied to instruments with wider frequency bands such as frequency sources, most ultra-wideband power dividers adopt more sections, so that the size of the power divider is larger, and three-order rings are adopted for full-band matching. Because the transition part is easy to generate loss and reflection, a special transition method is adopted, the waveguide is mainly used for transition, the plane ground of the waveguide twice cannot interfere with the microstrip line of the power divider, and the position of the ground hole of the waveguide ground is relatively critical due to the field structure of the transition part, so that the reflection and the loss can be greatly reduced. And in order to be attached to reality, the thickness of the medium plate is 0.254mm, so that the power divider is not easy to damage, but the performance parameters are greatly influenced. The resistors in the invention are all welded on the surface by adopting the patch resistor, so the thickness of the soldering tin also has great influence on the power divider, and the soldering tin is ensured to be less when the resistors and the joints are welded. The power divider is mainly of a microstrip line structure, and the position of the fixing screw also needs to ensure the microstrip line structure of the power divider, so that the screw is mainly positioned at the transition interface part, and the internal screw is mainly positioned at two sides of the three-step ring and between two outputs. The microstrip line mainly adopts a copper-clad structure.
Fig. 5 and 6 are graphs of measured data of the power divider. As can be seen from fig. 5, in the operating frequency band of the power divider, S11 can reach about-15 dB, which far exceeds the required range of the technical index. However, as can be seen from the observation of the measured data, the fluctuation occurs at about 17G, which results in that the power divider cannot reach the ultra-wideband use range of 0-20G, and after analysis, it is found that the fluctuation is caused by excessive solder coating when the chip resistor is welded, and the use of the power divider is not affected, so that the power divider is not manufactured again. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the fluctuation in the band is less than + -0.5 dB at 0-17 GHz. The design of the power divider basically accords with the theoretical division, and the design requirement is met. Fig. 5 and 6 are actual views of the power dividers S11 and S12, and it can be seen that the reflection of the power divider is less than-15 dB, the loss is within ± 0.5dB, and the loss is approximately in a linear decreasing trend as the frequency increases in the frequency range of 1-15G.
The invention designs the 1G-15GHz ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider through the combined simulation of ADS and HFSS, and tests show that the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider has good indexes in the whole working frequency band and meets the requirements of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider of the required frequency band.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A design method of an ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing a power divider with a rough shape in a multi-ring state through ADS; putting the obtained model into the ADS layout for analog simulation; performing combined simulation on the layout and the schematic diagram, and adjusting the parameters of the microstrip line;
putting the obtained model into HFSS for simulation, and optimizing parameters; adding a cavity to the power divider, observing the influence of an external cavity on the performance of the power divider, adding a selected joint to an end port of the power divider, and simulating soldering tin at the joint;
and a via hole is added on the power divider.
2. The design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider of claim 1, wherein the microstrip line with characteristic impedance Zc is divided into two paths, Zc is set to 50 Ω, the impedances Zc2 and Zc3 of the two divided paths are respectively, and the lengths are λ/4, λ is wavelength, if the power divider is designed to be equally divided, the resistances of Zc2 and Zc3 should be the same, if the power divider is designed to be unequally divided, Zc2 and Zc3 are different, an isolation resistor R is required to be added at the ends of the two microstrip lines, the corresponding voltages and powers are respectively U1, U2, P2 and P3, and the ratio of the output power of port 3 to the output power of port 2 is k2：
k2＝P3/P2；
While the lengths from port 2 and port 3 to port 1 are λ/4, the voltages at the two ports should be equal:
P2＝U2 2/Zc2；
P3＝U3 2/Zc3；
two formulas are divided and substituted into U2＝U3Obtaining:
Zc2＝k2Zc3；
suppose that:
R2＝kZc；
R3＝Zc/k；
obtaining:
to achieve isolation of the output ports:
in the case of equal division, P2＝P3And k is 1, deducing:
R2＝R3＝Zc；
R＝2Zc。
3. the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider of claim 1, wherein the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider roughly designs an approximate model of the power divider by using a design guide function of ADS, and adjusts the obtained third-order power divider; importing the ADS schematic diagram model into the layout, performing joint simulation on the layout and the schematic diagram of the ADS, and adjusting the model again; the obtained model was imported into HFSS for simulation.
4. The design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider of claim 1, wherein the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider adopts a joint of phi 1.5mm of southwest microwave.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of designing the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider employs a waveguide asymptote matching transition during the transition.
6. The ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider obtained by the design method of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider is provided with more holes on two sides of the power divider; all three ports of the power divider are matched by 50 omega; the screw is in the transition interface portion, and the internal screw is in three steps ring both sides and the centre of two exports.
7. The ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider of claim 6, wherein a cavity material of the power divider of the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider is aluminum, a substrate medium is Rogers4003, a substrate thickness is 0.508mm, and a microstrip line material is copper.
8. The ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider of claim 6, wherein the microstrip line is copper-clad.
9. A multipath communication network terminal, characterized in that the multipath communication network terminal is equipped with the ultra-wideband miniaturized power divider of claim 6.
10. A phased array radar, characterized in that it is equipped with an ultra wide band miniaturized power divider according to claim 6.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113992280A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-28 | 广州通则康威智能科技有限公司 | Insertion loss calibration device of broadband channel production and measurement clamp and working method thereof |
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