CN112710910A - Method for calculating excitation inrush current of core type shunt reactor and evaluating safety - Google Patents
Method for calculating excitation inrush current of core type shunt reactor and evaluating safety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high voltage of a power system, and provides a method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of a core type shunt reactor, which comprises the following steps: when the reactor is switched on, calculating the peak value of the magnetizing inrush current of the shunt reactor; obtaining a magnetizing inrush current attenuation time constant of the shunt reactor according to the magnetizing inrush current peak value; analyzing the safety of the iron core mechanical structure according to the excitation inrush current peak value and the iron core structure and material characteristics of the shunt reactor; according to the excitation inrush current peak value and the structural parameters of the parallel reactor winding, the safety of the winding mechanical structure is analyzed, and the problems that the parallel reactor generates the excitation inrush current phenomenon in the switching-on process, and the mutual attraction electromagnetic force generated between the primary winding wire turns of the reactor easily causes the false operation of relay protection turn-to-turn protection and longitudinal differential protection, and the safe and stable operation of a power system cannot be ensured are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high voltage of a power system, in particular to a method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of an iron core type shunt reactor.
Background
The shunt reactor is an important electrical device for capacitance compensation in a power system, and the high-voltage (ultra-high voltage and extra-high voltage) reactor is usually made into a core-immersed structure. On one hand, the reactor plays a role in compensating a stable power grid and is indispensable in the safe operation of a power system; on the other hand, large reactors are expensive to manufacture and have strong economic properties. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure safe operation thereof. The shunt reactor can generate an excitation inrush current phenomenon in the closing process, and the excitation inrush current is a normal electromagnetic transient process generated after the shunt reactor is closed. The magnetizing inrush current risk of the iron core type shunt reactor during operation is reflected in that:
1. the operation excitation surge current easily causes the false operation of relay protection turn-to-turn protection and longitudinal differential protection.
2. The reactor needs to have the capability of bearing the impact of excitation inrush current, and is damaged;
3. because the shunt reactor is different from a multi-winding structure of the transformer, the shunt reactor only has one winding, the external characteristic is represented as a large inductance characteristic, and the magnetizing inrush current and the attenuation time are different from those of the transformer.
Under the normal electric power operation condition, in order to avoid abnormal tripping of the oil immersed switch caused by the closing current, the generation of the closing current of the transformer is mainly considered when the protective instrument is adjusted. Under the closing current, the mutually attracted electromagnetic force generated between turns of the primary winding wire is also a safe operation risk point of the reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
Solves the technical problem
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of a core type shunt reactor, which solves the problems that the magnetizing inrush current phenomenon can be generated in the switching-on process of the shunt reactor, the mutual attraction electromagnetic force generated between the turns of the primary winding wire of the reactor is easy to cause the false operation of turn-to-turn protection and longitudinal differential protection of relay protection, and the safe and stable operation of a power system cannot be ensured.
Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of a core type shunt reactor comprises the following steps:
when the reactor is switched on, calculating the peak value of the magnetizing inrush current of the shunt reactor;
obtaining a magnetizing inrush current attenuation time constant of the shunt reactor according to the magnetizing inrush current peak value;
analyzing the safety of the iron core mechanical structure according to the excitation inrush current peak value and the iron core structure and material characteristics of the shunt reactor;
and analyzing the safety of the winding mechanical structure according to the excitation inrush current peak value and the structural parameters of the parallel reactor winding.
Further, when the reactor is switched on, the magnetizing inrush current peak value of the reactor is calculated by adopting the following formula:
in the formula, Iinr is a switching-on excitation surge current peak value; bm is the working magnetic density of the iron core; br is residual magnetic density; bs is saturated magnetic density; sz is the sectional area of the core limb; h0 is window height; mu 0 is a vacuum magnetic induction coefficient; ws is the number of winding turns; sx is the equivalent sectional area of the leakage flux of the winding.
Furthermore, a residual induction value of the residual magnetism of the core column of the reactor needs to be given in advance in the calculation of the peak value of the magnetizing inrush current, and the residual induction value is obtained through experimental evaluation, wherein the main factors influencing the experimental evaluation mainly comprise: the state of the reactor disconnection, the saturation induction of the silicon steel sheet in the reactor and the structural characteristics of the core column.
Further, when calculating the magnetizing inrush current decay time constant, the saturation inductance value Lw of the reactor core is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula, U phi is a system phase voltage; omega is the angular frequency of the system; iinr is the peak value of the closing excitation surge current.
Then, the time value of reducing the parameter amplitude of the magnetizing inrush current peak value to 50 percent and 5 percent is calculated by substituting the acquired resistance value of the shunt reactor, the inductance and the resistance value of the system into the following formula:
T0.05＝10×T0.5
in the formula, T0.5 is the time for the exciting current to decay to 50%; t0.05 is the time for the exciting current to decay to 5%; ls is the equivalent inductance of the system; rs is the system equivalent resistance; rw is the equivalent resistance of the shunt reactor.
Further, analyzing the safety of the mechanical structure of the iron core for obtaining a safety allowable threshold FA of the mechanical strength of the iron core, refer to the following equation:
FA＝Min(Fab,Fad)
in the formula, Fab is a safe allowable threshold value of the mechanical strength of the iron core cake of the shunt reactor; fad is a safe allowable threshold value of the mechanical strength of the air gap cushion block of the iron core of the shunt reactor.
Furthermore, the safety of the mechanical structure of the winding is analyzed to obtain a safety allowable threshold Fax of the mechanical strength of the winding, which is calculated by the following formula:
wherein E0 is the modulus of elasticity of copper; n is the number of wires; beq is the width of the wire in the width direction; dmw is the average diameter of the winding; x is a cushion block coverage coefficient of a continuous spiral winding; h is the shape coefficient of the wire, and the height r of a single wire is the shape coefficient of the wire; k1 is the coefficient of the distortion term; k2 is the lamination factor; k3 is coefficient of copper work hardness grade; k4-is the coefficient of the dynamic tilt.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for calculating the magnetizing inrush current of a core type shunt reactor and evaluating the safety, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
the invention provides a method for calculating the excitation inrush current of a high-voltage iron core type shunt reactor, which comprises two parts of evaluation of mechanical characteristics of an iron core and a winding by calculating the peak value of the excitation inrush current of the reactor during closing and the attenuation time of the reactor for adjustment reference and electric power calculation of a subsequent fixed value and analyzing the risk evaluation of the safety and the stability of the reactor by the large inductance characteristic generated by the excitation inrush current during the peak value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a computing and security assessment method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a recording wave diagram of the field operation of the reactor at a certain station.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment provides a method for calculating magnetizing inrush current of a core type shunt reactor and evaluating safety, and with reference to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: when the reactor is switched on, calculating the peak value of the magnetizing inrush current of the shunt reactor;
step 2: obtaining a magnetizing inrush current attenuation time constant of the shunt reactor according to the magnetizing inrush current peak value;
and step 3: analyzing the safety of the iron core mechanical structure according to the excitation surge current peak value and the iron core structure and material characteristics of the shunt reactor;
and 4, step 4: and analyzing the safety of the winding mechanical structure according to the excitation inrush current peak value and the structural parameters of the parallel reactor winding.
The magnetizing inrush current calculation method for the high-voltage iron core type shunt reactor comprises the steps of calculating a magnetizing inrush current peak value of the reactor during closing and attenuation time which can be used for adjustment reference and electric power calculation of a subsequent fixed value, evaluating the risk of safety and stability of the reactor by analyzing the large inductance characteristic generated by the magnetizing inrush current during the peak value, and evaluating the mechanical characteristics of an iron core and a winding, wherein the two qualified parts can be regarded that the shunt reactor has better strength under the impact of the magnetizing inrush current.
In step 1, when the reactor is switched on, the switching-on current increases suddenly and can be several times of the standard value of the rated working current. The peak value of the magnetizing inrush current of the reactor is calculated by adopting the following formula:
(1) in the formula, Iinr is a switching-on excitation surge current peak value; bm is the working magnetic density of the iron core; br is residual magnetic density and unit is T; bs is saturated magnetic density and the unit is T; sz is the sectional area of the core limb; h0 is window height; mu 0 is a vacuum magnetic induction coefficient; ws is the number of winding turns; sx is the equivalent sectional area of the leakage flux of the winding, and the unit is m 2.
The residual induction value of the residual magnetism of the core column of the reactor needs to be given in advance in the calculation of the excitation inrush current peak value, and the residual induction value is obtained through experimental evaluation, wherein the main factors influencing the experimental evaluation mainly comprise: the disconnection state of the reactor, the saturation induction of silicon steel sheets in the reactor and the structural characteristics of the core column.
The method mainly determines how the reactor is disconnected according to the disconnected state of the reactor, for example: from a short circuit condition, a load condition, or an unloaded condition. The core column structure characteristics mainly comprise a lamination principle, an air gap structure and the like.
In step 2, when calculating the magnetizing inrush current decay time constant, since the decay constant of the magnetizing inrush current is related to the saturation degree of the iron core, the deeper the saturation is, the smaller the reactance is, and the faster the decay is, the saturation inductance value Lw of the iron core of the reactor needs to be obtained by the following formula, where the unit is H:
(2) in the formula, U phi is system phase voltage and the unit is V; omega is the angular frequency of the system; iinr is the peak value of the closing excitation surge current.
Then, the time value of reducing the parameter amplitude of the magnetizing inrush current peak value to 50 percent and 5 percent is calculated by substituting the acquired resistance value of the shunt reactor, the inductance and the resistance value of the system into the following formula:
T0.05＝10×T0.5 (4)
(3) in the formula (4), T0.5 is the time for the exciting current to decay to 50 percent, and the unit is S; t0.05 is the time for the exciting current to decay to 5%, and the unit is S; ls is the equivalent inductance of the system; rs is the system equivalent resistance; rw is the equivalent resistance of the shunt reactor.
When the attenuation time is calculated, if a neutral point reactor is connected to the tail end of a parallel reactor winding, calculating a time value of reducing the parameter amplitude of the excitation inrush current peak to 50% by adopting the following formula:
(5) in the formula, Lz is the inductance value of the neutral point reactor; rz is the neutral point reactor resistance value. Meanwhile, in this state, the time for which the exciting current decays to 5% in equation (4) is continuously executed.
In step 3, analyzing the safety of the iron core mechanical structure to obtain a safety allowable threshold FA of the iron core mechanical strength, firstly, calculating the electric force Ft between the iron core cakes by adopting a finite element simulation calculation method, and then respectively obtaining the values of Fab and Fad according to the material characteristics of the iron core cakes and the iron core cushion block. Reference is made to the following formula:
FA＝Min(Fab,Fad) (6)
(6) in the formula, Fab is a safe allowable threshold value of the mechanical strength of the iron core cake of the shunt reactor; fad is a safe allowable threshold value of the mechanical strength of the air gap cushion block of the iron core of the shunt reactor.
In step 4, analyzing the safety of the winding mechanical structure to obtain a safety allowable threshold Fax of the winding mechanical strength, firstly, calculating the electric force F between winding wire cakes by adopting a finite element simulation calculation method according to the voltage of the high-voltage paralleling reactor and the excitation inrush current peak value calculated in step 1, and setting the winding mechanical strength allowable threshold according to the structural parameters of the paralleling reactor such as winding type, lead, cushion block and the like:
(7) wherein E0 is the elastic modulus of copper, and 1.1 × 105MPa is adopted; n is the number of wires; beq is the width of the wire in the width direction; dmw is the average diameter of the winding; x is a cushion block coverage coefficient of a continuous spiral winding; h is the height of a single wire; r is the form factor of the wire; k1 is the coefficient of distortion term, 0.5; k2 is the lamination factor; k3 is the coefficient of copper work hardness rating, see Table 1; k4-is the coefficient of the dynamic tilt.
When n is a flat wire, the number of wires in the width of the winding in the radial direction or the number of combined wires is the number of the wires; when a transposed conductor is used, it is equal to g × (f-1)/2, in which: g is the number of the conducting wires in the width of the winding in the radial direction, and f is the number of the conducting wires in a single transposed conducting wire.
When a flat wire is adopted, beq represents the width of each wire breadth, and the unit is mm; when the self-adhesive combined wire is used, beq is 2 times of the width of a single wire in the radial direction; when a non-self-adhesive transposed conductor is used, beq is the width of the single conductor in the width direction. Wherein, for standard fillet radius wire, the r value is 1.0, and for full fillet radius wire, r is 0.85. And when the conductor is a single conductor or double conductors, K2 is 45, and when the conductor is a non-self-adhesive transposed conductor, K2 is 22.
TABLE 1 comparison of yield strength to coefficient K3
| Rp0.2 | K3 |
| 100 | 1.0 |
| 150 | 1.1 |
| 180 | 1.2 |
| 230 | 1.3 |
| >230 | 1.4 |
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, according to the magnetizing inrush current calculation method provided by the present invention, the maximum amplitude value of the magnetizing inrush current in the operating state of the power system is calculated, and data analysis of a field commissioning oscillogram file of a reactor at a certain station shows that the three-phase current and the 3I0 waveform of the reactor conform to the characteristics of the closing magnetizing inrush current of the reactor, wherein the peak current 227A of phase B is calculated, and the calculated value 282A is calculated by using the method of the present invention, and the calculated value is matched with the actual value of the commissioning oscillogram.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of a core type shunt reactor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the reactor is switched on, calculating the peak value of the magnetizing inrush current of the shunt reactor;
obtaining a magnetizing inrush current attenuation time constant of the shunt reactor according to the magnetizing inrush current peak value;
analyzing the safety of the iron core mechanical structure according to the excitation inrush current peak value and the iron core structure and material characteristics of the shunt reactor;
and analyzing the safety of the winding mechanical structure according to the excitation inrush current peak value and the structural parameters of the parallel reactor winding.
2. The method for calculating the magnetizing inrush current of the core-type shunt reactor and evaluating the safety of the core-type shunt reactor according to claim 1, wherein when the reactor is switched on, the peak value of the magnetizing inrush current of the reactor is calculated by adopting the following formula:
in the formula, Iinr is a switching-on excitation surge current peak value; bm is the working magnetic density of the iron core; br is residual magnetic density; bs is saturated magnetic density; sz is the sectional area of the core limb; h0 is window height; mu 0 is a vacuum magnetic induction coefficient; ws is the number of winding turns; sx is the equivalent sectional area of the leakage flux of the winding.
3. The method for calculating the magnetizing inrush current and evaluating the safety of the core-type shunt reactor according to claim 2, wherein a residual induction value of the residual magnetism of a core column of the reactor needs to be given in advance in the calculation of the peak value of the magnetizing inrush current, and the residual induction value is obtained through experimental evaluation, wherein the main factors influencing the experimental evaluation mainly comprise: the state of the reactor disconnection, the saturation induction of the silicon steel sheet in the reactor and the structural characteristics of the core column.
4. The method for calculating the magnetizing inrush current and evaluating the safety of the core-type shunt reactor according to claim 1, wherein when calculating the magnetizing inrush current decay time constant, the saturation inductance value Lw of the reactor core is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula, U phi is a system phase voltage; omega is the angular frequency of the system; iinr is the peak value of the closing excitation surge current.
Then, the time value of reducing the parameter amplitude of the magnetizing inrush current peak value to 50 percent and 5 percent is calculated by substituting the acquired resistance value of the shunt reactor, the inductance and the resistance value of the system into the following formula:
T0.05＝10×T0.5
in the formula, T0.5 is the time for the exciting current to decay to 50%; t0.05 is the time for the exciting current to decay to 5%; ls is the equivalent inductance of the system; rs is the system equivalent resistance; rw is the equivalent resistance of the shunt reactor.
5. The method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of the core-type shunt reactor according to claim 4, wherein when a neutral point reactor is connected to the tail end of the shunt reactor winding, the time value for reducing the parameter amplitude of the magnetizing inrush current peak to 50% is calculated by using the following formula:
in the formula, Lz is the inductance value of the neutral point reactor; rz is the neutral point reactor resistance value.
6. The method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of the core-type shunt reactor according to claim 1, wherein the safety of the core mechanical structure is analyzed to obtain a safety allowable threshold FA of the core mechanical strength, according to the following formula:
FA＝Min(Fab,Fad)
in the formula, Fab is a safe allowable threshold value of the mechanical strength of the iron core cake of the shunt reactor; fad is a safe allowable threshold value of the mechanical strength of the air gap cushion block of the iron core of the shunt reactor; firstly, calculating the electromotive force Ft between the iron core cakes by adopting a finite element simulation calculation method, and then respectively obtaining the values of Fab and Fad according to the material characteristics of the iron core cakes and the iron core cushion block.
7. The method for calculating and evaluating the magnetizing inrush current of the core-type shunt reactor according to claim 1, wherein the safety of the mechanical structure of the analyzed winding is used for obtaining a safety allowable threshold Fax of the mechanical strength of the winding, and the safety allowable threshold Fax is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein E0 is the modulus of elasticity of copper; n is the number of wires; beq is the width of the wire in the width direction; dmw is the average diameter of the winding; x is a cushion block coverage coefficient of a continuous spiral winding; h is the height of a single wire; r is the form factor of the wire; k1 is the coefficient of the distortion term; k2 is the lamination factor; k3 is coefficient of copper work hardness grade; k4-is the coefficient of the dynamic tilt.
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| CN114611061B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2024-06-04 | 西安西电变压器有限责任公司 | Method and device for calculating closing transient current of reactor and electronic equipment |
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