CN112710469A - Test method for determining power loss of hydraulic torque converter of transmission system - Google Patents
Test method for determining power loss of hydraulic torque converter of transmission system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/025—Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading means; Load or drive simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/24—Devices for determining the value of power, e.g. by measuring and simultaneously multiplying the values of torque and revolutions per unit of time, by multiplying the values of tractive or propulsive force and velocity
- G01L3/242—Devices for determining the value of power, e.g. by measuring and simultaneously multiplying the values of torque and revolutions per unit of time, by multiplying the values of tractive or propulsive force and velocity by measuring and simultaneously multiplying torque and velocity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/027—Test-benches with force-applying means, e.g. loading of drive shafts along several directions
Abstract
The invention discloses a test method for determining power loss of a hydraulic torque converter of a transmission system, which comprises two parts: a first part: determining the proportion of each power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system through the power loss composition of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter; the power loss includes: mechanical loss caused by friction of a bearing and a seal and the like, disc loss caused by rotation friction of a working wheel relative to working oil and liquid flow loss caused by impact and friction due to circulating flow of working liquid in a working cavity of the hydraulic torque converter; a second part: carrying out test comparative analysis by changing external conditions to obtain influence factors of power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system; the ambient conditions include: no load, oil temperature, oil supply; the invention can obtain the influence factors of the power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system, is beneficial to pertinently reducing the power loss and improving the vehicle fuel economy of the transmission system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tracked vehicles, and particularly relates to a test method for determining power loss of a hydraulic torque converter of a transmission system.
Background
Oil churning power losses are a major form of losses in tracked vehicle drive systems during operation. The high-speed oil stirring component takes a hydraulic torque converter as a main research object, and has high rotating speed and complex blade grid system. At present, a multi-working-condition oil mixing power loss model is established mainly by simulation, model verification conditions are lacked, test working condition analysis is incomplete, and influence on analysis of the whole power loss of a transmission device is unclear.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a test method for determining power loss of a hydraulic torque converter of a transmission system, which can obtain the influence factors of the power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system, and is beneficial to pertinently reducing the power loss and improving the vehicle fuel economy of the transmission system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a test method for determining power loss of a hydraulic torque converter of a transmission system comprises two parts:
a first part: determining the proportion of each power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system through the power loss composition of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter; the power loss includes: mechanical loss caused by friction of a bearing and a seal and the like, disc loss caused by rotation friction of a working wheel relative to working oil and liquid flow loss caused by impact and friction due to circulating flow of working liquid in a working cavity of the hydraulic torque converter;
a second part: carrying out test comparative analysis by changing external conditions to obtain influence factors of power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system; the ambient conditions include: no load, oil temperature, oil supply.
Further, in the first section, the ratio of the three power losses is determined by performing comparative tests of mechanical loss, disc loss and flow loss, as follows:
(1) mechanical loss tests were performed: the hydraulic torque converter is not filled with oil, the guide wheel is fixed, and a pump wheel and a turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through a clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine rotate integrally;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
ΔM＝0.0024×nB-0.5417 formula (1)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) disc loss tests were performed: the blade flow channels of the working wheels are blocked into smooth disks by gypsum, the guide wheels are fixed, and the pump wheel and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked by a clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine rotate integrally;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
ΔM＝0.0038×nB-1.2975 formula (3)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(3) a liquid flow loss test was performed: the hydraulic torque converter is filled with oil, the guide wheel is fixed, the working liquid circularly flows in the working cavity of the hydraulic torque converter, and the pump wheel and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine integrally rotate;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (1) to the formula (6), under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, the rotating speed n of the pump impeller is along withBThe power loss P of the mechanical loss, the disc loss and the liquid flow loss increases with the increase, but the increase speed is different, the speed of the power loss P of the mechanical loss is gentle, and the disc lossThe increase speed of the lost power loss P is the fastest; when the pump impeller rotates at a speed nBWhen the same, the liquid flow loss ratio is the largest, the disc loss ratio is the second, and the mechanical loss ratio is the smallest;
therefore, to reduce the power loss of the locked-up working condition of the torque converter, the liquid flow loss must be reduced, namely the circulating flow of the working liquid in the working cavity of the torque converter is reduced; and the circulating flow is reduced by additionally arranging a one-way coupling in the guide wheel.
Further, in the second section, the test was carried out by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is no-load, and the influence of no-load on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
the hydraulic torque converter is in idle load, a pump impeller and a turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through a clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter and torque loss M of pump impellerBEqual power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter and power loss P of the pump impellerBEqual, i.e. Δ M ═ MB，P＝PB；
The assay was performed in three protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
MB＝0.0043×nB-0.261 equation (7)
Further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupling, the guide wheel is fixed, and the pump wheel rotates in the positive direction;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
(3) in the third scheme: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupling, the guide wheel is fixed, and the pump wheel rotates in the opposite direction;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
according to the formula (7) to the formula (12), the no-load has no influence on the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, and the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is only equal to the rotating speed n of the pump impellerBRelated to the pump wheel speed nBThe higher the power loss P of the torque converter in the lockup mode.
Further, in the second section, the test was carried out by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is a load, and the influence of the load on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
loading the hydraulic torque converter through the electric dynamometer; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT；
The assay was performed in two protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
the test is carried out by dividing the load into two different loads, and the rotating speed n of the pump wheel is different for each loadBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBAnd loss torque M of turbineTEach load obtains a group of delta M data, and the two loads obtain two corresponding groups of delta M data; the set of data with a relatively large Δ M is selected for fitting, resulting in:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
the test is carried out by dividing the load into two different loads, and the rotating speed n of the pump wheel is different for each loadBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBAnd loss torque M of turbineTEach load obtains a group of delta M data, and the two loads obtain two corresponding groups of delta M data; the set of data with a relatively large Δ M is selected for fitting, resulting in:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (13) to the formula (16), the load has no influence on the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, and the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is only equal to the rotating speed n of the pump impellerBRelated to the pump wheel speed nBThe higher the power loss P of the torque converter in the lockup mode.
Further, in the second section, the test was carried out by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is made to be oil temperature, and the influence of the oil temperature on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through tests;
loading the hydraulic torque converter through the electric dynamometer; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT；
The assay was performed in two protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, the torque M lost by the turbine is measured at different oil temperatures tTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ 0.087 × t +2.3478 formula (17)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, the torque M lost by the turbine is measured at different oil temperatures tTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M0.1087 × t +35.268 formula (19)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
as can be seen from equation (17) to equation (20), as the oil temperature t increases, the torque loss Δ M of the lockup condition of the torque converter decreases, but the degree of influence is not great.
Further, in the second section, the test was carried out by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is the oil supply amount, and the influence of the oil supply amount on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
loading the hydraulic torque converter through the electric dynamometer; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT；
(1) The first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, keeping the oil supply pressure and the oil temperature constant, and measuring the torque M lost by the turbine under different oil supply LTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ -0.022 × L +9.18 formula (21)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, keeping the oil supply pressure and the oil temperature constant, and measuring the torque M lost by the turbine under different oil supply LTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ -0.01 × L +41 equation (23)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
as can be seen from the equations (21) to (24), the torque loss Δ M in the torque converter lockup mode does not change significantly as the oil supply L increases, and therefore the magnitude of the oil supply L has no influence on the power loss P in the torque converter lockup mode.
Has the advantages that: (1) the invention overcomes the problem that the analysis of the power loss of the whole hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system is unknown due to the incomplete analysis of the power loss test working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system in the past, realizes the optimized design of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system by a test method, and lays a technical foundation for the design and evaluation of the comprehensive transmission device of the tracked armored vehicle.
(2) According to the invention, through test comparison analysis of changing no-load, oil temperature and oil supply quantity, influence factors of power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system are obtained; determining the proportion of the three losses by performing test comparison of mechanical loss, disc loss and liquid flow loss; therefore, the invention can reflect the comprehensive working condition of the power loss of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system, and further comprehensively guide the structure optimization design of the hydraulic torque converter.
(3) The invention is based on a test method, namely test data results are adopted as the basis, the power loss is examined from the aspects of influence factors of the power loss and various loss ratios under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system, the invention is not only applied to a comprehensive transmission system, but also provides reference for transmission systems with different modes, and has comparability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of torque loss tests of the torque converter under lockup conditions of mechanical loss, disc loss, and fluid loss according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of torque loss test results for a torque converter lockup condition under idle load in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of torque loss test results for torque converter lockup conditions under different loads in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a torque loss test result plot of torque converter lockup condition at different oil temperatures in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating torque loss test results for torque converter lockup conditions at different fueling levels in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a test method for determining power loss of a hydraulic torque converter of a transmission system, wherein the hydraulic torque converter adopts a single-stage integrated hydraulic torque converter with three working wheels, namely a pump wheel, a turbine wheel and a guide wheel, and a lockup clutch is arranged on the working wheels; the pump impeller is a driving element of the hydraulic torque converter and is coaxially connected with the driving shaft, more than two blades which are bent backwards in the radial direction are arranged in the pump impeller so as to provide extra acceleration and additional energy for working fluid, and mechanical energy input by the driving shaft can be converted into kinetic energy of the fluid by virtue of the action of centrifugal force to supply work to the turbine; the turbine is a driven element of the hydraulic torque converter and is coaxially connected with the driven shaft, the number of blades of the turbine is more than that of blades of the pump impeller, the bending direction of the turbine blades is opposite to that of the pump impeller blades, and the kinetic energy of liquid can be output from the driven shaft; the guide wheel is a reaction element of the hydraulic torque converter, is positioned between the turbine and the pump wheel, and plays a role in torque conversion by changing the direction of liquid flow;
the test method of the embodiment is to measure the torque loss of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system through test comparison, determine the occupation ratio of various power losses caused by the structural characteristics of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system, and determine the influence factors of the power loss under the locking condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system, and the test method mainly comprises two parts:
a first part: determining the proportion of each power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system through the power loss composition of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter; the power loss includes: mechanical loss due to friction between the bearing and the seal (hereinafter, simply referred to as mechanical loss), disc loss due to rotational friction of the impeller against the operating oil (hereinafter, simply referred to as disc loss), and fluid loss due to shock and friction caused by the circulating flow of the operating fluid in the torque converter operating chamber (hereinafter, simply referred to as fluid loss).
A second part: carrying out test comparative analysis by changing external conditions to obtain influence factors of power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system; the ambient conditions include: no load, oil temperature, oil supply.
In the first section, the ratio of the three power losses is determined by performing comparative tests of mechanical loss, disc loss and fluid loss, see fig. 1, specifically as follows:
1. mechanical loss tests were performed: the hydraulic torque converter is not filled with oil, the guide wheel is fixed, and a pump wheel and a turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through a clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine rotate integrally;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
ΔM＝0.0024×nB-0.5417 formula (1)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
2. disc loss tests were performed: the blade flow channels of the working wheels are blocked into smooth disks by gypsum, the guide wheels are fixed, and the pump wheel and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked by a clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine rotate integrally;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
ΔM＝0.0038×nB-1.2975 formula (3)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
3. a liquid flow loss test was performed: the hydraulic torque converter is filled with oil, the guide wheel is fixed, the working liquid circularly flows in the working cavity of the hydraulic torque converter, and the pump wheel and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine integrally rotate;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (1) to the formula (6), under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, the rotating speed n of the pump impeller is along withBThe power loss P of the mechanical loss, the disc loss and the liquid flow loss is increased along with the increase, but the increasing speeds are different, the increasing speed of the power loss P of the mechanical loss is gentle, the increasing speed of the power loss P of the disc loss is the second, and the increasing speed of the power loss P of the liquid flow loss is the fastest; when the pump impeller rotates at a speed nBWhen 2300r/min is satisfied, the power losses P of the mechanical loss, the disc loss, and the liquid flow loss are 1.2kW, 1.8kW, and 10.7kW, respectively, and therefore the pump wheel speed n is set to the pump wheel speed nBWhen the same, the liquid flow loss ratio is the largest, the disc loss ratio is the second, and the mechanical loss ratio is the smallest;
therefore, to reduce the power loss of the locked-up working condition of the torque converter, the liquid flow loss must be reduced, namely the circulating flow of the working liquid in the working cavity of the torque converter is reduced; the circulating flow is difficult to reduce by changing the shape of the blades, but the circulating flow can be effectively reduced by additionally arranging the one-way coupling in the guide wheel, so that the method is a feasible measure for minimizing the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter.
In the second part, after the one-way coupling is additionally arranged in the guide wheel, the method for changing the external conditions for testing comprises the following steps:
1. the external condition is no-load, and the influence of no-load on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
the driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with the output shaft of the balance motor, the balance motor serves as power to drive the driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter to rotate, the driven shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is not connected with other devices, namely the hydraulic torque converter is in no-load, and a pump wheel and a turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through a clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine rotate integrally; hydraulic torque converterTorque loss Delta M of locking working condition and torque loss M of pump wheelBEqual power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter and power loss P of the pump impellerBEqual, i.e. Δ M ═ MB，P＝PB；
Referring to fig. 2, the assay is performed in three protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
MB＝0.0043×nB-0.261 equation (7)
Further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
from the equation (8), the rotation speed n of the pump wheel is determinedBLinear increase of (2), power loss P of the pump impellerBAt a pump wheel speed nBIs approximately proportional to the square of; when n isBWhen the speed is 2300r/min, PB≈2.2kW；
(2) The second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupling, the guide wheel is fixed, and the pump wheel rotates in the positive direction;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
from the equation (10), the loss torque M of the pump impellerBAnd power loss PBAre all relatively large, the power loss P of the pump impellerBAt a pump wheel speed nBIs approximately proportional to the cube of (c); at nBWhen the speed is 2300r/min, PBThe power is approximately equal to 10.8kW, and the loss is large;
(3) in the third scheme: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler, the guide wheel is fixed, and the pump wheel rotates in the opposite direction (the guide wheel is locked by liquid flow when the pump wheel rotates in the opposite direction);
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
from the equation (12), the power loss P of the pump impellerBAt a pump wheel speed nBIs approximately proportional to the cube of (c); at nBWhen the speed is 2300r/min, PBApproximately equal to 18.1kW, the loss is the largest, which is about 1.67 times of the power loss in the second scheme, namely the forward rotation of the pump wheel;
according to the formula (7) to the formula (12), the no-load has no influence on the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, and the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is only equal to the rotating speed n of the pump impellerBRelated to the pump wheel speed nBThe higher the power loss P of the torque converter in the lockup mode.
2. The external condition is a load, and the influence of the load on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
the driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with the output shaft of a balance motor which serves as a power sourceThe driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is driven by power to rotate, the driven shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with an electric dynamometer, and the electric dynamometer loads the hydraulic torque converter; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT；
Referring to fig. 3, the assay was performed in two protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
the test is carried out by dividing the load into two different loads, and the rotating speed n of the pump wheel is different for each loadBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBAnd loss torque M of turbineTEach load obtains a group of delta M data, and the two loads obtain two corresponding groups of delta M data; the set of data with a relatively large Δ M is selected for fitting, resulting in:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
the test is carried out by dividing the load into two different loads, and the rotating speed n of the pump wheel is different for each loadBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBAnd loss torque M of turbineTEach load obtains a group of delta M data, and the two loads obtain two corresponding groups of delta M data; the set of data with a relatively large Δ M is selected for fitting, resulting in:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
from the equation (13) to the equation (16), it can be seen that the same pump rotational speed n is obtainedBUnder the condition that no matter the guide wheel idles or is dead, the torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is very close, the load has no influence on the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, and the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is only equal to the rotating speed n of the pump wheelBRelated to the pump wheel speed nBThe higher the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is, the larger the relative power loss is, the lower the efficiency is;
3. the external condition is made to be oil temperature, and the influence of the oil temperature on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through tests;
the driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with the output shaft of the balance motor, the balance motor serves as power to drive the driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter to rotate, the driven shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with the electric dynamometer, and the electric dynamometer loads the hydraulic torque converter; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT(ii) a Because the oil temperature is different, the severity and the viscosity of the working oil are different, and the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is directly influenced;
referring to fig. 4, the assay was performed in two protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, the torque M lost by the turbine is measured at different oil temperatures tTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBTo obtain a set of Δ MData, fitted according to Δ M data, to yield:
Δ M ═ 0.087 × t +2.3478 formula (17)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, the torque M lost by the turbine is measured at different oil temperatures tTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M0.1087 × t +35.268 formula (19)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (17) and the formula (20), as the oil temperature t increases, the torque loss Δ M of the lockup condition of the hydraulic torque converter is reduced, but the influence degree is not large; under the same scheme, when the oil temperature t is increased from 42 ℃ to 88 ℃, the torque loss Delta M difference of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is 1.2Nm at most.
4. The external condition is the oil supply amount, and the influence of the oil supply amount on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
the driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with the output shaft of the balance motor, the balance motor serves as power to drive the driving shaft of the hydraulic torque converter to rotate, the driven shaft of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with the electric dynamometer, and the electric dynamometer loads the hydraulic torque converter; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT(ii) a Controlling the oil supply L through a valve switch, wherein the oil supply L is measured through a flowmeter;
referring to fig. 5, the assay was performed in two protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, keeping the oil supply pressure and the oil temperature constant, and measuring the torque M lost by the turbine under different oil supply LTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ -0.022 × L +9.18 formula (21)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, keeping the oil supply pressure and the oil temperature constant, and measuring the torque M lost by the turbine under different oil supply LTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ -0.01 × L +41 equation (23)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (21) to the formula (24), as the oil supply amount L increases, the torque loss Δ M of the lockup condition of the torque converter does not change significantly, and therefore, the magnitude of the oil supply amount L has little influence on the power loss P of the lockup condition of the torque converter; under the same scheme, when the oil supply L is increased from 10L/min to 30L/min, the torque loss delta M difference of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is 0.3L/min at most;
therefore, no load, oil temperature and oil supply all have no influence on the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, and the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is only equal to the rotating speed n of the pump impellerBIt is related.
In summary, the following rules can be obtained by the test method of this embodiment:
the occupation ratio of liquid flow loss in the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is maximum;
the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is not greatly influenced by external conditions (such as no load, oil temperature and oil supply). In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A test method for determining power loss of a transmission system torque converter is characterized by comprising two parts:
a first part: determining the proportion of each power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system through the power loss composition of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter; the power loss includes: mechanical loss caused by friction of a bearing and a seal and the like, disc loss caused by rotation friction of a working wheel relative to working oil and liquid flow loss caused by impact and friction due to circulating flow of working liquid in a working cavity of the hydraulic torque converter;
a second part: carrying out test comparative analysis by changing external conditions to obtain influence factors of power loss under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter of the transmission system; the ambient conditions include: no load, oil temperature, oil supply.
2. A test method for determining the power loss of a hydrodynamic torque converter of a drive train according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first part, the ratio of the three power losses is determined by carrying out comparative tests of mechanical losses, disc losses and fluid losses, as follows:
(1) mechanical loss tests were performed: the hydraulic torque converter is not filled with oil, the guide wheel is fixed, and a pump wheel and a turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through a clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine rotate integrally;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
ΔM＝0.0024×nB-0.5417 formula (1)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) disc loss tests were performed: the blade flow channels of the working wheels are blocked into smooth disks by gypsum, the guide wheels are fixed, and the pump wheel and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked by a clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine rotate integrally;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
ΔM＝0.0038×nB-1.2975 formula (3)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(3) a liquid flow loss test was performed: the hydraulic torque converter is filled with oil, the guide wheel is fixed, the working liquid circularly flows in the working cavity of the hydraulic torque converter, and the pump wheel and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump wheel and the turbine integrally rotate;
at different impeller speeds nBLower measurement of turbine loss torque MTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBThe torque loss Delta M of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is equal to MB-MTObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (1) to the formula (6), under the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, the rotating speed n of the pump impeller is along withBThe power loss P of the mechanical loss, the disc loss and the liquid flow loss is increased along with the increase, but the increasing speeds are different, the increasing speed of the power loss P of the mechanical loss is gentle, the increasing speed of the power loss P of the disc loss is the second, and the increasing speed of the power loss P of the liquid flow loss is the fastest; when the pump impeller rotates at a speed nBWhen the same, the liquid flow loss ratio is the largest, the disc loss ratio is the second, and the mechanical loss ratio is the smallest;
therefore, to reduce the power loss of the locked-up working condition of the torque converter, the liquid flow loss must be reduced, namely the circulating flow of the working liquid in the working cavity of the torque converter is reduced; and the circulating flow is reduced by additionally arranging a one-way coupling in the guide wheel.
3. A test method for determining power loss in a torque converter of a transmission system as defined in claim 1, wherein in the second part, the test is performed by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is no-load, and the influence of no-load on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
the hydraulic torque converter is in idle load, a pump impeller and a turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through a clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter and torque loss M of pump impellerBEqual power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter and power loss P of the pump impellerBEqual, i.e. Δ M ═ MB，P＝PB；
The assay was performed in three protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
MB＝0.0043×nB-0.261 equation (7)
Further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupling, the guide wheel is fixed, and the pump wheel rotates in the positive direction;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
(3) in the third scheme: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupling, the guide wheel is fixed, and the pump wheel rotates in the opposite direction;
during the test, at different pump wheel rotating speeds nBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBTorque loss M of said impellerBFrom experimental data it can be fitted as:
further, the power loss P of the pump wheel can be obtainedBThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
according to the formula (7) to the formula (12), the no-load has no influence on the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, and the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is only equal to the rotating speed n of the pump impellerBRelated to the pump wheel speed nBThe higher the power loss P of the torque converter in the lockup mode.
4. A test method for determining power loss in a torque converter of a transmission system as defined in claim 1, wherein in the second part, the test is performed by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is a load, and the influence of the load on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
loading the hydraulic torque converter through the electric dynamometer; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT；
The assay was performed in two protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
the test is carried out by dividing the load into two different loads, and the rotating speed n of the pump wheel is different for each loadBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBAnd loss torque M of turbineTEach load obtains a group of delta M data, and the two loads obtain two corresponding groups of delta M data; the set of data with a relatively large Δ M is selected for fitting, resulting in:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
the test is carried out by dividing the load into two different loads, and the rotating speed n of the pump wheel is different for each loadBMeasuring loss torque M of pump wheelBAnd loss torque M of turbineTEach load obtains a group of delta M data, and the two loads obtain two corresponding groups of delta M data; the set of data with a relatively large Δ M is selected for fitting, resulting in:
further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (13) to the formula (16), the load has no influence on the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter, and the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is only equal to the rotating speed n of the pump impellerBRelated to the pump wheel speed nBThe higher the power loss P of the torque converter in the lockup mode.
5. A test method for determining power loss in a torque converter of a transmission system as defined in claim 1, wherein in the second part, the test is performed by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is made to be oil temperature, and the influence of the oil temperature on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through tests;
loading the hydraulic torque converter through the electric dynamometer; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT；
The assay was performed in two protocols:
(1) the first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, the torque M lost by the turbine is measured at different oil temperatures tTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ 0.087 × t +2.3478 formula (17)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, the torque M lost by the turbine is measured at different oil temperatures tTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M0.1087 × t +35.268 formula (19)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
as can be seen from equation (17) to equation (20), as the oil temperature t increases, the torque loss Δ M of the lockup condition of the torque converter decreases, but the degree of influence is not great.
6. A test method for determining power loss in a torque converter of a transmission system as defined in claim 1, wherein in the second part, the test is performed by changing the external conditions as follows:
the external condition is the oil supply amount, and the influence of the oil supply amount on the power loss of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter is compared through a test;
loading the hydraulic torque converter through the electric dynamometer; the pump impeller and the turbine of the hydraulic torque converter are locked through the clutch, namely the pump impeller and the turbine rotate integrally; torque loss Delta M of locking working condition of hydraulic torque converter is equal to torque loss M of pump wheelBLost torque M of the turbineTI.e. Δ M ═ MB-MT；
(1) The first scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and idles when working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, keeping the oil supply pressure and the oil temperature constant, and measuring the torque M lost by the turbine under different oil supply LTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ -0.022 × L +9.18 formula (21)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
(2) the second scheme is as follows: the guide wheel is arranged on the one-way coupler and is fixed during working;
make the pump impeller rotate at nB2300r/min, keeping the oil supply pressure and the oil temperature constant, and measuring the torque M lost by the turbine under different oil supply LTAnd the torque M lost by the impellerBObtaining a group of delta M data, and fitting according to the delta M data to obtain:
Δ M ═ -0.01 × L +41 equation (23)
Further, a calculation formula of the power loss P of the locking working condition of the hydraulic torque converter can be obtained, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps:
as can be seen from the equations (21) to (24), the torque loss Δ M in the torque converter lockup mode does not change significantly as the oil supply L increases, and therefore the magnitude of the oil supply L has no influence on the power loss P in the torque converter lockup mode.
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| RU2765817C1 (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-02-03 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)" | Stand for testing hydraulic transmission units |
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