CN112709794A

CN112709794A - Spiral ball speed reducer

Info

Publication number: CN112709794A
Application number: CN202110141504.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱先勇; 肖雄; 魏子童; 罗彦茹; 唐荣耀; 孙炜佳; 王鹏; 樊跃香; 彭惠明; 宋鹏
Original assignee: Jilin University
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 2021-02-02
Filing date: 2021-02-02
Publication date: 2021-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-02
Also published as: CN112709794B

Abstract

The invention relates to a spiral ball speed reducer, and belongs to the field of speed reducers. The base is fixed on the ground or the fixed part, the input shaft assembly is arranged on an input shaft groove of the base, and the output shaft assembly is arranged on an output shaft core of the base; input shaft subassembly and output shaft subassembly rely on the base outward along with the output shaft subassembly outward along carrying on radially spacingly respectively, rely on deep groove ball bearing and output shaft subassembly outward along the medial surface contact friction reduction, the universal pure rolling transmission mode of ball in the input shaft subassembly and the meshing of the helical slide in the output shaft subassembly realization, spacing coupling assembling couples together base and output shaft subassembly and carries out the axial spacingly, the support rotation relatively of activity spacing collar. Has the advantages that: the ball is meshed with the spiral slideway for transmission, the friction between the ball and the spiral slideway is greatly reduced by the universal pure rolling transmission mode of the ball, and the friction is further reduced by the movable limiting ring which can rotate relative to the bracket, so that the abrasion and heat generation are reduced, and the service life is prolonged; no return difference and high precision.

Description

Spiral ball speed reducer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of speed reducers, in particular to a spiral ball speed reducer based on spiral slideways and balls. The device is suitable for the fields of industrial robot joints, balance cars and the like.

Background

The reducer is widely applied in the mechanical industry and mainly adopts gears, worm gears and worm drives. The small volume, the light weight and the high precision are the targets pursued by the industry. However, the common transmission modes of the speed reducers are all transmission by gear meshing, and return difference is inevitable in the gear transmission process, so that precision errors are caused; failure modes such as friction heat generation between gears, tooth root fracture and the like are also important factors influencing the service life of the reducer; industrial gear reducers are bulky and heavy, and therefore are difficult to apply in many small volumes and spaces, and improvements are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a spiral ball speed reducer, which solves the problems in the prior art. The invention has simple and reliable structure, and adopts the meshing transmission of the ball and the spiral slideway to get rid of the meshing of the gear, thereby getting rid of the defects related to the gear. No return difference and high precision; the ball rotates in a universal way, so that the friction with the spiral slideway is greatly reduced, namely, the abrasion and the heat generation are reduced, and the service life is prolonged; small volume and light weight. The device is suitable for the fields of industrial robot joints, balance cars and the like.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

the spiral ball speed reducer comprises a base 1, an input shaft assembly 2, an output shaft assembly 3 and a limiting connecting assembly 4, wherein the base 1 is fixed on the ground or a fixed part, the input shaft assembly 2 is installed on an input shaft groove 101 of the base 1, the output shaft assembly 3 is installed on an output shaft core 102 of the base 1, the input shaft assembly 2 and the output shaft assembly 3 are respectively limited in the radial direction by means of

outer edges

115 and 303 of the base and the outer edges 303 of the output shaft assembly, friction is reduced by means of contact of a deep groove ball bearing A109, a deep groove ball bearing B110, a deep groove ball bearing C111 and inner side surfaces 302 of the outer edges of the output shaft assembly, balls 215 in the input shaft assembly 2 are meshed with a spiral slideway 305 in the output shaft assembly 3 to realize a universal pure rolling transmission mode, and the limiting connecting assembly 4 connects the base; the ball 215 is a sphere and is limited by the ball support bearing A211, the ball support bearing B212, the movable limiting ring A213, the movable limiting ring B214, the front support 201 and the rear support 202, so that universal pure rolling is realized, friction between the ball 215 and the spiral slideway 305 and between the movable limiting ring A213 and the movable limiting ring B214 is greatly reduced, the movable limiting ring A213 and the movable limiting ring B214 of the input shaft assembly 2 rotate along the front support 201 and the rear support 202 respectively along with the transmission process, and the friction of the ball 215 is also reduced; the balls 215, the ball support bearing a211, the ball support bearing B212, the support bearing pin a209 and the support bearing pin B210 are a rotating group, and the number of the rotating groups is adjusted as required and is uniformly distributed around the transmission shaft 203.

The base 1 is as follows: a fixed ring A103 is fixed on one side of an input shaft groove 101 through a screw A105 and a screw B106, a fixed ring B104 is fixed on the other side of the input shaft groove 101 through a screw C107 and a screw D108, a deep groove ball bearing A109 is installed on the outer edge of the base 1 through a roller A112, a deep groove ball bearing B110 is installed on the outer edge of the base 1 through a roller B113, a deep groove ball bearing C111 is installed on the outer edge of the base 1 through a roller C114, and the roller A112, the roller B113 and the roller C114 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the base 1; the bottom surface of the base 1 is smooth.

The number of the deep groove ball bearings A109, B110 and C111 is increased or decreased according to the needs, and friction is greatly reduced while the power output volute 301 is supported by rolling.

The input shaft assembly 2 is as follows: the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202 are respectively fixed on a transmission shaft 203, the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202 transmit the torque of the transmission shaft 203 through a key 204, a sleeve 205 fixes the axial positions of the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202 relative to the transmission shaft 203, the rotating part of the transmission shaft 203 is fixed on a bearing A206 and a bearing B207, and the tail end of the transmission shaft 203 is provided with a coupler 208 to be further connected with a motor; the supporting bearing pin A209 and the supporting bearing pin B210 are fixed between the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202, and are respectively sleeved with a ball supporting bearing A211 and a ball supporting bearing B212, and the movable spacing ring A213 and the movable spacing ring B214 are respectively installed at the inner sides of the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202.

The output shaft component 3 is: the outer side surface of the power output volute 301 is smooth and is fixed with an output component, the needle roller bearing A304 is embedded in a central hole of the power output volute 301 in interference fit, a track in the volute is a spiral slideway 305, the inner diameter of the groove is the same as the diameter of the ball 215, the central line of the spiral slideway is the intersection part of an annular spiral line and the power output volute 301, and the number of the spiral slideways 305 is equal to the product of the number of the balls 215 and the transmission ratio.

The limit connecting assembly 4 is: the limiting member 401 sequentially penetrates through the needle bearing B402, the power output volute 301 and the output shaft core 102 for limiting, and the screw E405 sequentially penetrates through the gasket 404 and the needle bearing C403 from the bottom of the base 1 and is fixed with the threaded hole of the limiting member 401.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: simple structure, reliable adopt ball and spiral slideway meshing transmission, have broken away from gear engagement transmission, consequently replace sliding friction with rolling friction, overcome gear drive because of the problem that sliding friction brought, for example: wear, noise, vibration, and the like; the ball is fully contacted with the spiral slideway, so that no return difference exists and the precision is high; the ball fixing mode is simpler and more convenient, the universal pure rolling transmission mode of the ball overcomes the technical problem that the transmission is influenced by the axial force because the ball with the shaft can only rotate along one direction, the friction with the spiral slideway is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the friction is further reduced by the movable limiting ring which can rotate relative to the bracket, namely, the abrasion and the heat generation are reduced, the noise and the vibration are reduced, and the service life is prolonged; the transmission structure is simple, only one spiral case capable of being transmitted, namely the power output spiral case, is needed, components are simplified, and the production cost is reduced; the outer side surfaces of the base and the power output volute are smooth, proper in thickness and sufficient in space, and the power output volute can be machined for the second time and is suitable for various installation modes; the input shaft extends in a single direction, so that various couplings can be installed by processing while materials are saved; small, light in weight, transmission moment of torsion are big, and application scope is wide, for example industrial robot joint, balance car, fields such as digit control machine tool, the practicality is strong.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the input shaft assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the output shaft assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a connecting assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the transmission relationship of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a base; 101. an input shaft slot; 102. an output shaft core; 103. a fixed ring A; 104. a fixed ring B; 105. a screw A; 106. a screw B; 107. a screw C; 108. a screw D; 109. a deep groove ball bearing A; 110. a deep groove ball bearing B; 111. a deep groove ball bearing C; 112. a roller A; 113. a roller B; 114. a roller C; 115. the outer edge of the base; 2. an input shaft assembly; 201. a front bracket; 202. a rear bracket; 203. a drive shaft; 204. a key; 205. a sleeve; 206. a bearing A; 207. a bearing B; 208. a coupling; 209. supporting a bearing pin A; 210. supporting a bearing pin B; 211. a ball support bearing A; 212. a ball support bearing B; 213. a movable limiting ring A; 214. a movable limiting ring B; 215. a ball bearing; 3. an output shaft assembly; 301. a power output volute; 302. the outer edge of the output shaft assembly is provided with an inner side surface; 303. an output shaft assembly outer edge; 304. a needle bearing A; 305. a spiral slideway; 4. a limiting connecting assembly; 401. a limiting member; 402. a needle bearing B; 403. a needle bearing C; 404. a gasket; 405. and (E) a screw E.

Detailed Description

The details of the present invention and its embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the spiral ball reducer of the present invention includes a base 1, an input shaft assembly 2, an output shaft assembly 3, and a limit connection assembly 4, wherein the base 1 is fixed on the ground or other fixed members, the input shaft assembly 2 is installed on an input shaft groove 101 of the base 1, the output shaft assembly 3 is installed on an output shaft core 102 of the base 1, an outer surface of a power output volute 301 of the output shaft assembly 3 is smooth, and drilling can be performed as required to adapt to various installation modes; the input shaft assembly 2 and the output shaft assembly 3 are respectively limited in the radial direction by means of the outer edge 115 of the base and the outer edge 303 of the output shaft assembly, friction is reduced by means of the contact of the inner side surfaces 302 of the outer edges of the deep groove ball bearing A109, the deep groove ball bearing B110, the deep groove ball bearing C111 and the output shaft assembly, a ball 215 in the input shaft assembly 2 is meshed with a spiral slideway 305 in the output shaft assembly 3 to realize a universal pure rolling transmission mode, and the limit connecting assembly 4 connects the base 1 and the output shaft assembly 3 for axial limit. The ball and the spiral slideway are meshed for transmission, the friction between the ball and the spiral slideway is greatly reduced in a universal pure rolling transmission mode, the friction can be further reduced by the movable limiting ring which can rotate relative to the support, the abrasion and the heat generation are reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Referring to fig. 2, the base 1 includes an input shaft groove 101, an output shaft core 102, a fixing ring a103, a fixing ring B104, a screw a105, a screw B106, a screw C107, a screw D108, a deep groove ball bearing a109, a deep groove ball bearing B110, a deep groove ball bearing C111, a roller a112, a roller B113, a roller C114, and a base outer edge 115, the fixing ring a103 is fixed on one side of the input shaft groove 101 through the screw a105 and the screw B106, the fixing ring B104 is fixed on the other side of the input shaft groove 101 through the screw C107 and the screw D108, the deep groove ball bearing a109 is mounted on the outer edge of the base 1 through the roller a112, the deep groove ball bearing B110 is mounted on the outer edge of the base 1 through the roller B113, the deep groove ball bearing C111 is mounted on the outer edge of the base 1 through the roller C114, and the roller a112, the roller B113. The base 1 has a smooth bottom surface, can be drilled according to needs and is adaptive to various installation modes.

The number of the deep groove ball bearings A109, the deep groove ball bearings B110, the deep groove ball bearings C111, the rolling shafts A112, the rolling shafts B113 and the rolling shafts C114 can be increased or decreased according to the needs. By rolling, friction is greatly reduced while supporting the power output scroll 301.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the input shaft assembly 2 includes a front bracket 201, a rear bracket 202, a transmission shaft 203, a key 204, a sleeve 205, a bearing a206, a bearing B207, a coupler 208, a support bearing pin a209, a support bearing pin B210, a ball support bearing a211, a ball support bearing B212, a movable stop collar a213, a movable stop collar B214, and balls 215, the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202 are respectively fixed on the transmission shaft 203, the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202 transmit torque of the transmission shaft 203 through the key 204, the sleeve 205 fixes axial positions of the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202 relative to the transmission shaft 203, a rotating part of the transmission shaft 203 is fixed on the bearing a206 and the bearing B207, and the coupler 208 can be installed at the end of the transmission shaft 203 to connect with a motor; the supporting bearing pin A209 and the supporting bearing pin B210 are fixed between the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202, and are respectively sleeved with a ball supporting bearing A211 and a ball supporting bearing B212, and the movable spacing ring A213 and the movable spacing ring B214 are respectively installed at the inner sides of the front bracket 201 and the rear bracket 202.

The ball 215 is a sphere and is limited by the ball support bearing A211, the ball support bearing B212, the movable limiting ring A213, the movable limiting ring B214, the front support 201 and the rear support 202, so that universal pure rolling is realized, friction between the ball 215 and the spiral slideway 305 and between the movable limiting ring A213 and the movable limiting ring B214 is greatly reduced, the movable limiting ring A213 and the movable limiting ring B214 can respectively rotate along the front support 201 and the rear support 202 along with the transmission process, and the friction of the ball 215 is also reduced; the balls 215, the ball support bearing a211, the ball support bearing B212, the support bearing pin a209 and the support bearing pin B210 are a rotating group, and the number of the rotating groups can be adjusted as required and is uniformly distributed around the transmission shaft 203.

Referring to fig. 5, the output shaft assembly 3 includes a power output volute 301, an inner side surface 302 of an outer edge of the output shaft assembly, an outer edge 303 of the output shaft assembly, a needle roller bearing a304, and a spiral slideway 305, the outer side surface of the power output volute 301 is fixed with an output component, the outer side surface of the power output volute 301 is smooth, and holes can be drilled according to needs to adapt to various installation modes. The needle bearing A304 is embedded in a central hole of the power output volute 301 in an interference fit mode, the inner track of the volute is a spiral slideway 305, the inner diameter of the groove is the same as the diameter of the ball 215, the central line of the spiral slideway 305 is the intersection part of an annular spiral line and the power output volute 301, and the number of the spiral slideways 305 is equal to the product of the number of the balls 215 and the transmission ratio.

Referring to fig. 6, the limiting connection assembly 4 includes a limiting member 401, a needle bearing B402, a needle bearing C403, a spacer 404, and a screw E405, the limiting member 401 sequentially passes through the needle bearing B402, the power output volute 301, and the output shaft core 102 for limiting, and the screw E405 sequentially passes through the spacer 404, the needle bearing C403, and is fixed with a threaded hole of the limiting member 401 from the bottom of the base 1.

Referring to fig. 7, the balls 215 rotate around the axis of the transmission shaft 203, and engage with the spiral chute 305, so as to rotate the power output volute 301.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the working process of the present invention is as follows:

firstly, a coupling 208 is connected with an input motor to input power to drive a transmission shaft 203 to rotate, and balls 215 are limited by a ball support bearing A211, a ball support bearing B212, a movable limiting ring A213, a movable limiting ring B214, a front support 201 and a rear support 202 together to realize universal pure rolling and rotate around an axis along with the transmission shaft 203; meanwhile, the balls 215 are meshed with the spiral slideway 305, and the transmission shaft 203 transmits power to the spiral slideway 305 through the balls 215 to drive the power output volute 301 to rotate; for the six balls of the embodiment, only three balls are just in transmission with the spiral slideway 305 at the same time to transmit power, one ball enters the meshing area along with the rotation of the transmission shaft 203, and the third ball in front along the transmission direction leaves the meshing area, so that alternate transmission is realized, the power and the abrasion are shared, the heat generation is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. Finally, power take-off volute 301 is coupled to an external output component to effect power take-off.

The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A helical ball speed reducer, characterized in that: including base (1), input shaft subassembly (2), output shaft subassembly (3), spacing coupling assembling (4), base (1) is fixed on ground or mounting, input shaft subassembly (2) are installed on input shaft groove (101) of base (1), output shaft subassembly (3) are installed on output shaft core (102) of base (1), input shaft subassembly (2) and output shaft subassembly (3) rely on the base respectively outward along (115) and output shaft subassembly outward along (303) carry out radial spacing, rely on deep groove ball bearing A (109), deep groove ball bearing B (110), deep groove ball bearing C (111) and output shaft subassembly outward along medial surface (302) contact to reduce the friction, ball (215) in the input shaft subassembly (2) and spiral slideway (305) meshing in the output shaft subassembly (3) realize universal pure rolling's transmission mode, the limiting connecting assembly (4) connects the base (1) and the output shaft assembly (3) for axial limiting; the ball bearing (215) is a sphere and is limited by the ball bearing support bearing A (211), the ball bearing support bearing B (212), the movable limiting ring A (213), the movable limiting ring B (214), the front support (201) and the rear support (202) together, universal pure rolling is realized, friction between the ball bearing (215) and the spiral slideway (305) and between the movable limiting ring A (213) and the movable limiting ring B (214) is greatly reduced, the movable limiting ring A (213) and the movable limiting ring B (214) of the input shaft assembly (2) respectively rotate along the front support (201) and the rear support (202) along with the transmission process, and the friction of the ball bearing (215) is also reduced; the ball bearing (215), the ball bearing A (211), the ball bearing B (212), the supporting bearing pin A (209) and the supporting bearing pin B (210) are a rotating group, the number of the rotating groups is adjusted according to needs, and the rotating groups are uniformly distributed around the transmission shaft (203).

2. The helical ball reducer of claim 1, wherein: the base (1) is: a fixed ring A (103) is fixed on one side of an input shaft groove (101) through a screw A (105) and a screw B (106), a fixed ring B (104) is fixed on the other side of the input shaft groove (101) through a screw C (107) and a screw D (108), a deep groove ball bearing A (109) is installed on the outer edge of a base (1) through a roller A (112), a deep groove ball bearing B (110) is installed on the outer edge of the base (1) through a roller B (113), a deep groove ball bearing C (111) is installed on the outer edge of the base (1) through a roller C (114), and the roller A (112), the roller B (113) and the roller C (114) are uniformly distributed around the base (1); the bottom surface of the base (1) is smooth.

3. The helical ball reducer of claim 2, wherein: the number of the deep groove ball bearings A (109), B (110) and C (111) is increased or decreased according to needs, and friction is greatly reduced while the power output volute (301) is supported by rolling.

4. The helical ball reducer of claim 1, wherein: the input shaft assembly (2) is as follows: the front support (201) and the rear support (202) are respectively fixed on a transmission shaft (203), the front support (201) and the rear support (202) transmit the torque of the transmission shaft (203) through a key (204), a sleeve (205) fixes the axial positions of the front support (201) and the rear support (202) relative to the transmission shaft (203), the rotating part of the transmission shaft (203) is fixed on a bearing A (206) and a bearing B (207), and the tail end of the transmission shaft (203) is provided with a coupling (208) so as to be connected with a motor; the supporting bearing pin A (209) and the supporting bearing pin B (210) are fixed between the front support (201) and the rear support (202), the ball supporting bearing A (211) and the ball supporting bearing B (212) are respectively sleeved on the supporting bearing pin A and the supporting bearing pin B, and the movable spacing ring A (213) and the movable spacing ring B (214) are respectively installed on the inner sides of the front support (201) and the rear support (202).

5. The helical ball reducer of claim 1, wherein: the output shaft assembly (3) is as follows: the outer side surface of the power output volute (301) is smooth and is fixed with an output component, the needle roller bearing A (304) is embedded in a center hole of the power output volute (301) in interference fit, an inner track of the volute is a spiral slideway (305), the inner diameter of a groove is the same as the diameter of the ball (215), the center line of the spiral slideway is the intersection part of an annular spiral line and the power output volute (301), and the number of the spiral slideways (305) is equal to the product of the number of the balls (215) and the transmission ratio.

6. The helical ball reducer of claim 1, wherein: the limiting connecting assembly (4) is as follows: the limiting piece (401) sequentially penetrates through the needle bearing B (402), the power output volute (301) and the output shaft core (102) to limit, and the screw E (405) sequentially penetrates through the gasket (404) and the needle bearing C (403) from the bottom of the base (1) and is fixed with a threaded hole of the limiting piece (401).