CN112709793B - Stepless speed changer for small power machine - Google Patents
Stepless speed changer for small power machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112709793B CN112709793B CN202010430114.5A CN202010430114A CN112709793B CN 112709793 B CN112709793 B CN 112709793B CN 202010430114 A CN202010430114 A CN 202010430114A CN 112709793 B CN112709793 B CN 112709793B
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
- F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
- F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
- F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
- F16H9/14—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using only one pulley built-up out of adjustable conical parts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G13/00—Chains
- F16G13/02—Driving-chains
- F16G13/06—Driving-chains with links connected by parallel driving-pins with or without rollers so called open links
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G15/00—Chain couplings, Shackles; Chain joints; Chain links; Chain bushes
- F16G15/12—Chain links
Abstract
The invention relates to a single-pin stepless speed change chain and a stepless speed changer using the same for small power machinery. Through carrying out specific setting to the mutual proportional relation and the shape of parts such as chain link, link joint, round pin axle of single round pin axle infinitely variable speed chain, through carrying out specific setting to infinitely variable speed chain and infinitely variable speed device matched parts simultaneously, improved the infinitely variable speed change performance that is used for small-size power machine, increased the bearing capacity of the infinitely variable speed change that is used for small-size power machine, make it more be applicable to small-size, miniature power machine for small-size power machine's work efficiency and stability have obtained the promotion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gearboxes, and particularly relates to a stepless speed changer for a small power machine.
Background
The CVT transmission device applied to the automobile is characterized in that a chain or a steel belt surrounds between a movable conical disc and a fixed conical disc, and the working radius of the contact point of the chain or the steel belt and the conical disc is adjusted by changing the distance between the two conical discs, so that the speed change is realized. The transmission ratio of the gearbox is stable, and the design and the manufacture are simple and convenient.
In addition to automobiles, there is a need for the use of continuously variable transmissions in many small power machines, such as small aircraft, small self-propelled robots, and the like. However, the CVT structure, especially the chain structure, cannot be further miniaturized, which hinders the CVT application in the field of small-sized power machines.
The known core components of CVT transmission are the transmission system consisting of chain or steel belt and driving and driven pulleys, one of the obstacles of a continuously variable transmission for small power machines is the smaller size of the chain or steel belt and its associated conical disc system. Because of its structural limitations and relatively fixed process, it is difficult to reduce the size of the steel belt, a drive element for a continuously variable transmission for small power machines is desired on the chain.
PCT/DE2006/002053 Flat Loop chain, PCT/DE2006/001675 Link plate, chain comprising the Link plate, chain drive comprising the chain and vehicle equipped with the chain drive disclose respectively a pendulum pin chain construction and optimize the pitch, the Link plate, the mutual structural or mutual dimensional relationship of the hinge elements. On this basis, german LuK company developed a series of chain products of the link plate type 0.8mm thick. However, the minimum chain pitch developed by LuK is 6mm and the minimum working radius is 25mm, and the more compact CVT and chain structure is not disclosed worldwide.
Through analysis of the structure, the obstacle to the reduction of the working radius of the chain is the articulated structure. In order to suppress the polygon effect, a continuously variable transmission chain often employs a swing pin chain as a hinge structure. But the hinge structure of the swing pin chain is a pair of pin shafts, the pitch of the swing pin chain is limited to be further reduced, the movable range of the swing pin chain is limited by the swing pin structure, the swing pin chain cannot be flexibly bent, and smaller minimum bending radius is realized. There are also a pair of shaped pins that are reduced to a corresponding pair of rollers on a shaped pin and link plate, but the minimum bending radius cannot be further reduced due to its basic structural limitations.
The further miniaturization of the chain is hindered by the way and the position of the pin in the link plate. CN108167390a and CN108368915A disclose the structure and connection method of the stop pin for limiting the relative position of the pin in the chain, and are typical ideas in the known art. For further reduced chain and pin sizes, the dowel structure is more difficult to implement.
US005728021 and EP1624225 disclose a structure in which pins are fixed in a link plate in an interference manner, and friction transmission of a single pin is achieved by shortening the length of one pin of a pair of pins, to a certain extent, improving transmission efficiency. However, the double-pin structure is still adopted, and the special-shaped pin is easy to loosen in interference fit, so that long-time reliability is affected, and miniaturization application is difficult to realize in engineering implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a small stepless speed change device which meets the requirement of small power machinery on stepless speed change function.
The method is realized by the following technical means:
a stepless speed variator for small power machine is composed of conic disk shafting I, conic disk shafting II, single-pin stepless speed-changing chain, speed regulating mechanism and pressurizing mechanism.
The cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II both comprise a fixed cone disc and a movable cone disc; the single-pin stepless speed change chain is clamped between a fixed conical disc and a movable conical disc of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II and is used for transmitting power; the speed regulating mechanism is used for driving the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting I and/or the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting II to axially move; the pressurizing mechanism provides axial force required by the single-pin stepless speed change chain for transmitting torque by applying pressure to the fixed conical disc and/or the movable conical disc.
The single-pin stepless speed change chain consists of a plurality of chain links; the whole length of the single-pin stepless speed change chain in the working state is in a closed loop distributed on a plane, and the whole length of the single-pin stepless speed change chain in the working state comprises an arc section and a straight line section connected with the arc section.
Each chain link comprises a plurality of chain plates, wherein the chain plates are lamellar, namely, the dimension in one direction is obviously smaller than the dimension in the other two directions, the obviously smaller dimension is defined as the thickness of the chain plate, the dimension consistent with the movement direction of the straight line section of the single-pin stepless speed change chain is defined as the length of the chain plate, and the dimension perpendicular to the thickness of the chain plate and the length direction of the chain plate is defined as the height of the chain plate.
Each chain plate is provided with 2 through holes in the thickness direction of the chain plate, each through hole is internally provided with 1 pin shaft, and two adjacent chain links are connected through 1 pin shaft arranged in the through hole; or each chain plate is provided with 1 long through hole which is formed by removing materials between 2 through holes, 2 pin shafts are arranged in each long through hole, and every two adjacent chain links are connected through 1 pin shaft arranged in each long through hole; the two side surfaces of the end part of the pin shaft are parallel to the length direction of the chain plate in the straight line section and are obliquely arranged with a plane formed by the length direction and the height direction.
The outer diameters of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting I are D1 (unit mm), and the outer diameters of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting II are D2 (unit mm).
The speed ratio range (i.e., maximum reduction ratio/minimum reduction ratio) of the continuously variable transmission is i; the minimum pitch of the single pin continuously variable transmission chain is p (unit mm).
Preferably, the two side surfaces of the pin end are obliquely arranged with a plane formed by the length direction and the height direction of the link plate, and an angle formed by a tangent line of a midpoint of the pin side surface in the height direction of the link plate on the plane formed by the height direction and the thickness direction of the link plate and the plane formed by the length direction and the height direction of the link plate is less than or equal to 15 degrees and more than or equal to 7 degrees (preferably less than or equal to 11 degrees and more than or equal to 9 degrees).
More than 90% of the area in the side surface of the pin shaft is projected on a plane perpendicular to the length direction of the chain plate, and the curvature radius of the projected curve is larger than 80mm.
Preferably, the main stress and connection matching part of the pin shaft is a cylinder, and the diameter of the cylinder is more than or equal to
Preferably, the width of the chain plate at the highest point of contact with the pin shaft in the height direction is larger than or equal to
The width of the chain plate at the lowest point of the chain plate contacting with the pin shaft in the height direction is more than or equal to
The width of the chain plate in the length direction of the chain plate is more than or equal to
Preferably, the surface of the pin shaft is provided with a ceramic layer except for the side surface contacted with the fixed cone disc and/or the movable cone disc, the thickness of the ceramic layer is more than or equal to 5 nanometers, and the ceramic layer is made of one or a combination of more of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium oxide and tungsten carbide.
Preferably, the thickness of the chain plate is more than or equal toThe sum of the thicknesses of all chain plates on each chain link is more than or equal to +.>
Preferably, the maximum pitch of the single-pin stepless speed change chain is less than or equal to 5.6mm.
Preferably, when the input rotation speed of the continuously variable transmission is in a single direction, the movement direction of the chain is also in a single direction.
At least 2 link plates on the outer side of each link plate in the width direction pass through 2 pairs of through holes of 2 pin shafts on the link plates respectively, and a pair of through holes at the rear are in interference fit with the pin shafts by taking the movement direction of the link plates as the front.
Preferably, when the pin shaft is not in interference fit with the through hole on the chain plate, a fastening ring or a stop pin is additionally arranged on the outer side of the through hole on the pin shaft to be in interference fit with the pin shaft, or the pin shaft is fixedly connected in a welding, bonding and other modes, so that the chain plate is prevented from falling off.
Or when the input rotation speed of the continuously variable transmission is in a single direction, the movement direction of the chain is also in the single direction; the two adjacent chain links are connected through 1 special-shaped pin shafts arranged in through holes on the chain plates, the special-shaped pin shafts, namely the stress and matching parts of the pin shafts are cylinders, the non-stress parts are provided with special-shaped surfaces, and the special-shaped surfaces are preferably planes; the front through holes of the chain plates are round, and the rear through holes are in corresponding shapes of the pin shafts; the outer side is in interference fit with the pin shaft by a fastening ring or a stop pin, or is fixedly connected by adopting a welding mode, an adhesive mode and the like;
the chain links are connected in a 2-chain link circulation or 3-chain link circulation arrangement mode.
Preferably, the chain plate is made of alloy steel, and the alloy steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: carbon: 0.55-0.75%, manganese: 0.3-1.2%, chromium: 0.4-1.2%, nickel: 0.3-1.0%, molybdenum: 0.05-0.2%; or the alloy steel contains the following chemical components in percentage by mass: carbon: 0.45-0.55%, manganese: 0.70-1.2%, chromium: 0.9-1.2%, vanadium: 0.1-0.25%.
Further, the single-pin stepless speed change chain is arranged in the single-pin stepless speed change chain arrangement mode.
The invention has the following effects:
1, in the prior art, 1 pair (2) of swing pins are adopted as the connection between the chain links, 1 pair of pin shafts form rolling motion without sliding friction during movement, but 1 pair of pin shafts are clamped between conical discs, 1 pair of pin shafts have angle changes mutually at the moment that the chain links are meshed in and meshed out of the conical discs, and the side surfaces of the pin shafts form sliding friction on the surfaces of the conical discs under larger axial pressure, so that power loss is increased.
The invention reduces the connection between chain links, adopts 1 pin to replace 1 pair of pins, realizes the bending of the chain by rotating the chain plate on the pins, avoids the sliding friction of 2 pin connections under larger axial pressure and under smaller chain tension, and in the oil film lubrication friction pair of the chain CVT, the axial pressure is about 10 times of the generated friction (the typical friction coefficient of oil film dragging is 0.075-0.095), and the connection between the chain links can be realized by replacing 2 pins with 1 pin, thereby effectively reducing friction loss and improving transmission efficiency.
2, the special connection mode of the 1 pin shaft is cylindrical in shape, and compared with the connection mode of 2 special-shaped pin shafts in the prior art, sliding friction occurs under the conditions of larger axial pressure and smaller contact area with the conical disc, and abrasion is greatly reduced due to the fact that sliding friction occurs under the conditions of smaller chain tension and larger contact area between the chain plate and the pin shaft.
And 3, by arranging a specific ceramic layer at a specific position on the surface of the pin shaft, the wear resistance of the part can be greatly improved, and the friction force is reduced.
4, the chain plate which is not in interference fit with the pin shaft is arranged in the form of 1 long through hole, so that the weight of the chain plate can be effectively reduced by more than 20%.
5, by setting the width and the pitch of the chain plate, a smaller minimum working radius can be realized, and the stepless speed changer for the small power machine is facilitated to be realized; meanwhile, the connection mode of 1 pin shaft is matched, so that a larger polygonal effect can be effectively avoided, noise is reduced, and the service life of the chain is prolonged.
And 6, the cylindrical pin shaft is easier to manufacture and lower in cost.
And 7, compared with the prior art that 1 pair of special-shaped pin rolls and the baffle pin is used for limiting the chain plate on the pin shafts, the interference fit is used for limiting the chain plate on 1 pin shaft, so that the manufacturing is more reliable, the manufacturing is easier, the consistency is better, and the cost is lower.
8, compared with the prior art, the round pin shaft is limited by the stop pin, and the specific interference fit connection mode can more reliably ensure the meshing posture of the inclined side surface of the round pin shaft relative to the conical disc, so that more reliable transmission is ensured.
9, the smaller side inclination angle (9 degrees) makes the continuously variable transmission system more compact.
10, by setting a specific link plate thickness and link plate total thickness, the load-carrying capacity of the chain can be ensured, while ensuring the compactness of the mechanical system.
11, the component content of the existing alloy steel is specifically improved, wherein the specific content of carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel and molybdenum is adjusted, so that the chain has higher strength, better toughness and wear resistance, and is more suitable for the use of a small-sized continuously variable transmission.
Drawings
FIG. 1A schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a straight line segment and an arc segment of the working state of the single-pin stepless speed change chain.
Fig. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a single pin continuously variable transmission chain.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface structure of the single pin continuously variable transmission chain.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a single pin continuously variable transmission chain.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a pin on a plane perpendicular to a length direction of a link plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the transfer efficiency (output power/input power) versus 20n.m, 40n.m, and 60n.m for the input torques of example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a link plate of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an interference fit sequence arrangement of pin shafts and link plates according to embodiment 2.
Fig. 10 shows a 3-link cyclic arrangement of pins and link plates according to one embodiment.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a lightweight link plate with 1 elongated through hole according to an embodiment.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a special-shaped pin shaft and a corresponding link plate in an embodiment.
Reference numerals: 01. the power device comprises a power device, a conical disc shaft system I,03, a pressurizing mechanism, a single-pin stepless speed changer chain, 041, a working state chain arc section, 042, a working state chain straight line section, 05, a conical disc shaft system II, a 06 speed regulating mechanism, 1, a chain link, 2, a chain plate, 21, a chain plate contact highest point with a pin shaft, 22, a chain plate contact lowest point with a pin shaft, 201-209 chain plates, 3, a pin shaft, 31, a pin shaft inclined surface, 3a and 3b, cylindrical pin shafts, 3c and 3d, special-shaped pin shafts and 4, and a fastening ring.
The letters used in the drawings are for explaining the dimensional relationships already mentioned and have the following meanings:
d1: the outer diameters of a fixed cone disc and a movable cone disc of a cone disc shafting I, D2, namely the outer diameters of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting II, p, namely the pitch of a single-pin stepless speed change chain, L, namely the length of a chain plate, and s: the thickness of the chain plate, h is the height of the chain plate, m1: link plate width at the highest point of link plate height direction and round pin axle contact, m2: link plate width at the contact minimum point of link plate height direction and round pin axle, m3: link plate width in the link plate length direction, v: the direction of movement of the chain.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the stepless speed changer for the small power machine is connected with a power device and is a motor, and the stepless speed changer comprises a conical disc shafting I, a conical disc shafting II, a single-pin stepless speed change chain, a speed regulating mechanism and a pressurizing mechanism; the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II both comprise a fixed cone disc and a movable cone disc; the power is transmitted between the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II through a single-pin stepless speed change chain, and the single-pin stepless speed change chain is clamped between a fixed conical disc and a movable conical disc of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II; as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the single-pin continuously variable transmission chain is composed of a plurality of chain links; the link plates are arranged in the manner shown in fig. 10 (i.e., 3-link cyclic connection); the whole length of the single-pin stepless speed change chain in the working state is a closed loop distributed on a plane, and the whole length of the single-pin stepless speed change chain in the working state comprises an arc section and a straight line section connected with the arc section; each chain link comprises a plurality of chain plates, wherein the chain plates are lamellar, namely, the dimension in one direction is obviously smaller than the dimension in the other two directions, the obviously smaller dimension is defined as the thickness of the chain plate, the dimension consistent with the movement direction of the straight line section of the single-pin stepless speed change chain is defined as the length of the chain plate, and the dimension perpendicular to the thickness of the chain plate and the length direction of the chain plate is defined as the height of the chain plate.
Each chain plate is provided with 2 through holes in the thickness direction of the chain plate, and two adjacent chain links are connected through a pin shaft arranged in the through holes; the two side surfaces of the end part of the pin shaft are parallel to the length direction of the chain plate in the straight line section and are obliquely arranged with a plane formed by the length direction and the height direction, and the inclination angle is 9 degrees.
The outer diameters of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting I are 60mm, and the outer diameters of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting II are 70mm. The speed ratio range (i.e., maximum reduction ratio/minimum reduction ratio) of the continuously variable transmission is 5. The minimum pitch of the single pin stepless speed change chain is 4.5mm.
The pin shaft is a cylinder with the diameter of 2mm. And the radius of curvature of the obtained projection curve is 100mm by projecting more than 90% of the area of the side surface of the pin shaft on a plane perpendicular to the length direction of the chain plate.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example adopts the cone disc shafting I, the cone disc shafting II, the speed regulating mechanism and the pressurizing mechanism which are consistent with those in the embodiment 1, the single-pin stepless speed change chain in the embodiment 1 is changed into a swinging pin chain with a known structure, the hinging structure is a pair of opposite pin shafts, and other settings are the same as those in the embodiment 1; the minimum pitch of the swing pin chain is 6.5mm, the width is 24mm, and the thickness of the chain plate is 0.7mm.
Comparative example 1 was assembled with the same motor as example 1, with input torques of 20n.m, 40n.m and 60n.m, respectively, CVT speed ratios of 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 at input speeds of 2000rpm, respectively, the transmission efficiencies (output power/input power) of example 1 and comparative example 1 were substantially higher than those of comparative example 1 at the above-described input torques and speed ratios, and the efficiency advantage was more remarkable for the single-pin continuously variable transmission chain than for the wobble pin chain of the conventional structure at large speed ratios and small speed ratios, CVT speed ratio was 2 at input torques of 20n.m, and the wobble pin chain structure was increased by sliding friction against the conical disc surface due to the pitch restriction due to the increase of the II-axis axial pressure and the smaller working radius of the I-axis, and the efficiency advantage of example 1 was 3%; when the CVT speed ratio is 0.5, the efficiency advantage reaches 2% due to the smaller working radius of the II shaft; as the input torque increases, the overall input power increases, and the power loss of comparative example 1 tends to be smaller than the overall power, since the rotational speed is unchanged.
Example 2
Unlike in example 1, the inclination angle of the middle part in the height direction of the pin side link plate of the single pin continuously variable transmission chain in this example with respect to the plane formed by the length direction and the height direction of the link plate is 11 degrees. As shown in FIG. 8, the link plate used had a link plate width m1 of 1.8mm at the highest point of contact with the pin in the height direction, a link plate width m2 of 2mm at the lowest point of contact with the pin in the height direction, a link plate width m3 of 2.5mm in the length direction, a link plate thickness of 1.2mm, and the sum of all link plate thicknesses on each of the links was 10.8mm, and the link plate material was alloy steel. The pin shaft limits the chain plate by interference fit, the chain plate is arranged as shown in fig. 9 (namely 2 chain links circulate), the movement direction v of the chain is defined as from right to left in one chain link unit in the width direction of the chain, the interference fit sequence of the pin shaft and the chain plate is that the chain plates 201, 203, 205, 207 and 209 are in interference fit with the pin shaft 3b from the upper end and the lower end of the chain, and the chain plates 202, 204, 206 and 208 are in interference fit with the pin shaft 3 a. In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, where 3c and 3d are two adjacent shaped pins.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 a single pin continuously variable chain structure consistent with example 2 was employed, and a better comparative operation was achieved by employing a link plate change operation, the comparative example 2 was a known roller chain link plate employing a single pin structure, the link plate thickness was 1.2mm, the sum of all the link plate thicknesses on each link was 10.8mm, the link plate width m1 at the highest point of the link plate in the height direction in contact with the pin was 1.4mm, the link plate width m2 at the lowest point of the link plate in the height direction in contact with the pin was 1.4mm, the link plate width m3 in the length direction was 1.4mm, and the link plate material was 45Mn.
Comparative example 2 the same motor was assembled as in example 2, life tests were performed on the same test bench with an input speed of 1500rpm and an input torque of 40n.m, the CVT speed ratio was adjusted every 2 hours from 2 to 0.5, example 2 passed the 100h bench test with the disassembled chain intact, comparative example 2 exhibited abnormal sound when the CVT speed ratio was 0.9, the transmission failed, the disassembly was found to have failed, the link plate was broken, and the running time was 23h.
Claims (8)
1. A continuously variable transmission for a small-sized power machine, characterized in that,
comprises a conical disc shafting I, a conical disc shafting II, a single-pin stepless speed change chain, a speed regulating mechanism and a pressurizing mechanism; the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II both comprise a fixed cone disc and a movable cone disc; the single-pin stepless speed change chain is clamped between a fixed conical disc and a movable conical disc of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II and is used for transmitting power; the speed regulating mechanism is used for driving the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting I and/or the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting II to axially move; the pressurizing mechanism provides axial force required by torque transmission of the single-pin stepless speed change chain by applying pressure to the fixed cone disc and/or the movable cone disc;
the single-pin stepless speed change chain consists of a plurality of chain links; the whole length of the single-pin stepless speed change chain in the working state is a closed loop distributed on a plane, and the whole length of the single-pin stepless speed change chain in the working state comprises an arc section and a straight line section connected with the arc section;
each chain link comprises a plurality of chain plates, wherein the chain plates are lamellar, namely, the dimension in one direction is obviously smaller than the dimension in the other two directions, the obviously smaller dimension is defined as the thickness of the chain plate, the dimension consistent with the movement direction of the straight line section of the single-pin stepless speed change chain is defined as the length of the chain plate, and the dimension perpendicular to the thickness of the chain plate and the length direction of the chain plate is defined as the height of the chain plate;
each chain plate is provided with 2 through holes in the thickness direction of the chain plate, each through hole is internally provided with 1 pin shaft, and two adjacent chain links are connected through 1 pin shaft arranged in the through hole; or each chain plate is provided with 1 long through hole which is formed by removing materials between 2 through holes, 2 pin shafts are arranged in each long through hole, and every two adjacent chain links are connected through 1 pin shaft arranged in each long through hole;
the two side surfaces of the end part of the pin shaft are parallel to the length direction of the chain plate in the straight line section and are obliquely arranged with a plane formed by the length direction and the height direction;
the outer diameters of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting I are D1, the unit of D1 is mm, the outer diameters of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting II are D2, and the unit of D2 is mm;
the speed ratio range of the continuously variable transmission isiThe speed ratio range is the maximum reduction ratio/minimum reduction ratio; the minimum pitch of the single-pin stepless speed change chain is p, and the unit of p is mm;
the two side surfaces of the pin shaft end part are obliquely arranged with a plane formed by the length direction and the height direction of the chain plate, and an angle formed by a tangent line of an arc line obtained by projection of the pin shaft side surface on the plane formed by the height direction of the chain plate and the thickness direction of the chain plate at the middle point of the height direction of the chain plate and the plane formed by the length direction and the height direction of the chain plate is smaller than or equal to 11 degrees and larger than or equal to 9 degrees;
more than 90% of the area in the side surface of the pin shaft is provided with projection on a plane vertical to the length direction of the chain plate, and the curvature radius of the projected curve is more than 80mm;
the main stress and connection matching part of the pin shaft is a cylinder, and the diameter of the cylinder is more than or equal to that of the cylindermm。
2. The continuously variable transmission for a small-sized power machine according to claim 1, wherein,
the width of the chain plate at the highest point of the chain plate contacting with the pin shaft in the height direction is more than or equal tomm；
The width of the chain plate at the lowest point of the chain plate contacting with the pin shaft in the height direction is more than or equal tomm；
The width of the chain plate in the length direction of the chain plate is more than or equal tomm。
3. The continuously variable transmission for a small-sized power machine according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the pin shaft is provided with a ceramic layer except for a side surface in contact with the fixed cone disc and/or the movable cone disc, the thickness of the ceramic layer is 5 nm or more, and the ceramic layer is made of one or a combination of several of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium oxide and tungsten carbide.
4. The continuously variable transmission for a small power machine according to claim 1, wherein the link plate thickness is equal to or greater thanmm; the sum of the thicknesses of all chain plates on each chain link is more than or equal to +.>mm。
5. The continuously variable transmission for a small-sized power machine according to claim 1, wherein a maximum pitch of the single pin continuously variable transmission chain is 5.6mm or less.
6. The continuously variable transmission for a small-sized power machine according to claim 1, wherein,
when the input rotation speed of the stepless speed changer is in a single direction, the movement direction of the chain is also in the single direction; at least 2 chain plates on the outer side of each chain link in the width direction pass through 2 pairs of through holes of 2 pin shafts on the chain links respectively, and the pair of through holes at the rear are in interference fit with the pin shafts by taking the movement direction of the chain plates as the front;
or,
when the input rotation speed of the stepless speed changer is in a single direction, the movement direction of the chain is also in the single direction; the two adjacent chain links are connected through 1 special-shaped pin shafts arranged in through holes on the chain plates, the special-shaped pin shafts, namely the stress and matching parts of the pin shafts are cylinders, and the non-stress parts are provided with special-shaped surfaces; the front through holes of the chain plates are round, and the rear through holes are in corresponding shapes of the pin shafts; the outer side is in interference fit with the pin shaft by a fastening ring or a stop pin, or is fixedly connected by adopting a welding and bonding mode;
the chain links are connected in a 2-chain link circulation or 3-chain link circulation arrangement mode.
7. The continuously variable transmission for a small-sized power machine according to claim 1, wherein the link plate is made of alloy steel, and the alloy steel comprises, in addition to matrix iron and unavoidable impurities, the following components in percentage by mass: carbon: 0.55-0.75%, manganese: 0.3-1.2%, chromium: 0.4-1.2%, nickel: 0.3-1.0%, molybdenum: 0.05-0.2%;
or the alloy steel contains the following chemical components in percentage by mass: carbon: 0.45-0.55%, silicon less than or equal to 0.4%, nickel less than or equal to 0.35%, copper less than or equal to 0.25%, manganese: 0.70-1.2%, chromium: 0.9-1.2%, vanadium: 0.1-0.25%.
8. A single pin continuously variable transmission chain applied to a continuously variable transmission for a small power machine, characterized in that the single pin continuously variable transmission chain is arranged in the arrangement mode of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN202010430114.5A CN112709793B (en) | 2020-05-20 | 2020-05-20 | Stepless speed changer for small power machine |
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| CN202010430114.5A CN112709793B (en) | 2020-05-20 | 2020-05-20 | Stepless speed changer for small power machine |
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| CN112709793B true CN112709793B (en) | 2023-12-12 |
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| CN112709793A (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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