CN112703663A - 齿线圈和用于制造齿线圈的方法 - Google Patents

齿线圈和用于制造齿线圈的方法 Download PDF

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CN112703663A
CN112703663A CN201980058279.XA CN201980058279A CN112703663A CN 112703663 A CN112703663 A CN 112703663A CN 201980058279 A CN201980058279 A CN 201980058279A CN 112703663 A CN112703663 A CN 112703663A
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凯文·博登西克
罗宾·布伦纳
克劳斯·舍费尔
诺贝特·舍恩鲍尔
迈克尔·韦格
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/32Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/32Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/325Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for windings on salient poles, such as claw-shaped poles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/0018Applying slot closure means in the core; Manufacture of slot closure means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/0025Shaping or compacting conductors or winding heads after the installation of the winding in the core or machine ; Applying fastening means on winding heads
    • H02K15/0037Shaping or compacting winding heads
    • H02K15/0043Applying fastening means on winding headS
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/10Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors
    • H02K15/105Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors to the windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/32Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/32Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/40Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/46Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • H02K3/487Slot-closing devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/46Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电机的定子(3)或定子区段(25)的齿线圈(6),其具有‑两个彼此间隔开的基本平行伸展的直线部段(14)和两个处于其端部处的180°弓形件(15),其中,直线部段(14)具有有源子区域(13),该有源子区域的轴向扩展小于或等于直线部段(14)的轴向扩展,‑其中,齿线圈(6)具有沿纵向方向伸展的对称的延伸平面(16),其中,围绕齿线圈(6)的直线部段(14)配设有绝缘材料(9),该绝缘材料在定子(3)或定子区段(25)中引起槽和/或相位绝缘。

Description

齿线圈和用于制造齿线圈的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种齿线圈及一种用于制造齿线圈的方法,同样涉及一种具有根据本发明的齿线圈的定子或定子区段,还涉及一种具有根据本发明的齿线圈的风力发电机。
背景技术
在电机中,无论其具有齿线圈绕组的电动机还是发电机,都存在如下实施方式,即不同线圈的和/或不同电相位的两个线圈侧位于一个槽中。于是,这些线圈侧必须例如通过合适的相位绝缘部彼此绝缘。同时,该线圈侧也必须相对于地、即槽壁绝缘。该附加的绝缘材料负面地作用于槽中的导体材料的填充系数。由此降低了电动机或发电机的性能。
从EP 1 947 755 B1中已知一种电机的定子,其在槽中配设有分离体。
在此,缺点是槽填充系数相对低。
发明内容
在此基础上,本发明所基于的目的是提供一种电机、特别是风力发电机的齿线圈或定子或定子区段,该齿线圈或定子或定子区段在优化绝缘材料的情况下允许槽的相对高的填充系数。此外,应减小齿线圈的轴向的绕组头伸出部分。此外,齿线圈或电机、特别是风力发电机的定子或定子区段的制造应该是相对简单的。
通过电机的定子或定子区段的齿线圈实现所提出的目的解决方案,其具有
-两个彼此间隔开的基本平行伸展的直线部段和两个处于直线部段的端部处的特别是180°弓形件,其中,直线部段具有有源子区域,该有源子区域的轴向扩展小于或等于直线部段的轴向扩展,
-其中,齿线圈具有沿纵向方向伸展的对称的延伸平面,
-其中,围绕齿线圈的直线部段配设有绝缘材料,该绝缘材料在定子或定子区段中引起槽和/或相位绝缘。
同样地,该解决方案通过电机的定子或定子区段实现,电机具有导磁的基本体,在该基本体中配设有基本上轴向伸展的、至少部分敞开的槽,该槽配设有根据本发明的齿线圈,其中,定子或定子区段的每个槽布置有一个或两个线圈侧。
所提出的目的的解决方案同样通过具有根据本发明的定子或定子区段的风力发电机来实现,其中,定子或定子区段是外转子或内转子发电机的一部分。
所提出的目的的解决方案同样通过具有至少一个根据本发明的风力发电机的风力发电设施来实现。
所提出的目的的解决方案同样通过用于制造根据本发明的齿线圈的方法来实现,其具有以下步骤:
-将导体材料缠绕到辅助体上,
-将预制的齿线圈从辅助体取下,并缠绕齿线圈,至少在齿线圈的有源子区域上用绝缘材料缠绕。
所提出的目的的解决方案同样通过一种用于制造根据本发明的定子或定子区段的方法来实现,其具有以下步骤:
-提供导磁的基本体,特别是具有槽和齿的序列的叠片组,其中,将齿线圈定位到槽中,使得每个槽存在不同的齿线圈的一个线圈侧或两个线圈侧
根据本发明,从现在起,对齿线圈配设有组合的槽和相位绝缘部。因此,从现在起,预制的齿线圈在定位在导磁的基本体、即例如叠片组的槽中之前配设有绝缘材料。绝缘部不仅实施为相对于槽壁的绝缘部而且也实施为相对于槽中的另一齿线圈的相邻的线圈侧的绝缘部(如果存在)。
在此,绝缘材料优选是由PET无纺布、PET膜和云母构成的层压件。为了实现较高的绝缘等级,在此还能够使用其他绝缘材料。该绝缘材料例如是上述材料,在此,其中,通过PI或PEEK代替PET份额。
在此使用的缩写是:
PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)是由聚酯族通过缩聚生产的热塑性塑料。
PI(聚酰亚胺)是具有酰亚胺基团结构特征的塑料。
PEEK(聚醚醚酮)是一种耐高温的热塑性塑料,并且属于聚芳基醚酮的材料基团。其熔化温度为335℃,进而适合在较高温度下的绝缘要求。
优选使用压延的白云母作为云母。
相位绝缘部的层厚度优选地对应于至槽壁的槽绝缘部的层厚度的大约两倍。该层厚度还取决于电机的电压负载。
从现在起,在仅从电机的(之后的)气隙装配定子或定子区段时,齿线圈大致居中地定位在叠片组的齿之上。在此,根据定子或定子区段的实施方案需要通过专用工具来扩展齿线圈,以便能够将齿线圈的支腿或直线部段定位在槽中。扩展、拉动或压缩齿线圈当然必须“一起处理”绝缘材料。
从现在起,槽的填充系数有利地更高,槽中的齿线圈的绝缘部分同样降低到必要的程度,同样实现将槽绝缘部持久地定位在齿线圈处。(如果需要的话)通过操封闭元件来实现齿线圈在槽中的附加地固定。
此外,由此定子的绕组系统的绕组头的轴向伸出部分相对短,这使在电机、尤其风力发电机的定子或定子区段中使用根据本发明的齿线圈在位置关系受限的情况下尤其具有吸引力。
附图说明
根据示例性示出的实施例更详细地阐述本发明以及本发明的其他有利的设计方案;其中示出:
图1示出齿线圈的视图,
图2示出齿线圈的局部视图,
图3示出预制的齿线圈的立体图,
图4示出齿线圈的局部部分图,
图5示出齿线圈在叠片组中的布置的局部视图,
图6示出定子区段的侧视图,
图7示出发电机在风力发电设施中的布置。
具体实施方式
图1示出不具有绝缘部9的齿线圈6,该齿线圈具有其直线部段14和弓形区域15、尤其是180°弓形件。齿线圈6相对于延伸平面16对称,该延伸平面垂直于绘图平面。直线部段14具有有源子区域13,该有源子区域在这种情况下小于直线部段14。
有源子区域13是齿线圈6的最小区域,该最小区域布置在定子3或定子区段25的叠片组中。直线部段14是可能附加地还配设有绝缘部9的区域,以便例如遵守齿线圈6在定子3中的爬电路径要求。
齿线圈6的直线部段14具有其内侧19的间距22,在理想情况下,该间距对应于定子3或定子区段25的齿宽。齿线圈6的导体厚度21占据定子3或定子区段25的槽17的宽度的至少一部分。在齿线圈6的内侧19处,绝缘部用于相对于槽壁27的电势分离。
齿线圈6的直线部段14的外侧20处的绝缘部9用于相对于槽17中的相邻的齿线圈6的相邻的线圈侧相位绝缘,并轴向伸出进入到通过弓形区域15形成的绕组头18的区域中。
图2示出齿线圈6的原则上布置的侧视图,其中,各个子导体11构造为双层的扁线10,并且相对于相邻的子导体11具有子导体绝缘部29。该子导体绝缘部29在齿线圈6的总长度上延伸,即弓形区域15加上齿线圈6的直线部段14的长度。在环周方向上观察,子导体11的该子导体绝缘部29在至少两侧、即纵向侧和横向侧之上延伸,如其原则上在子导体11处出于绘图理由特大地示出。槽17本身通过槽封闭元件7相对于电机的气隙23闭合。
图3示出预制的齿线圈6与其绝缘部9,该绝缘部也能够包括云母,以便还避免部分放电。在此,绝缘部优选为用完全硬化的浸渍树脂浸渍的压延白云母。
图4示出在绕组头18的区域中的布置,其中,齿线圈6的外侧20配设有绝缘材料,该绝缘材料实施成在绕组头18的方向上相关于内侧19在轴向上更长地。此外,这是由于如下事实,即弓形区域15连接至该绝缘材料。此外,由此在该区域中由此实现爬电强度的改进。
图5从现在起示出绝缘的预制的齿线圈6在定子3或定子区段25的槽17中的布置。在此,定子3或定子区段25通过压板4和/或压板4的指状件5轴向地包装。预制的齿线圈6布置在定子3或定子区段25的该叠片组的槽17中。在该实施例中,每个槽17布置有不同齿线圈6的有源子区域13或直线部段14。
定子3或定子区段25的绕组头18的区域从现在起由180°弓形件、即不同的齿线圈6的弓形区域15组成。齿线圈6的外侧20处的绝缘部9轴向地至少延伸至弓形区域15或超出。因此,在齿线圈6的外侧20处的绝缘部9延伸至或者几乎延伸至绕组头18的轴向伸出部分的轴向高度。
图6示出定子区段25的局部侧视图,其具有定子区段25的可选的区段边界12,其中,分别将不同齿线圈6、或者以及不同电相位的两个线圈侧布置在槽17中。因此,在那里,在齿线圈6的外侧20之间以及在齿线圈6与定子区段25的齿8之间配设有绝缘部9。在齿8的朝向气隙23的区域中存在槽封闭元件7。
在横截面中观察,齿线圈6具有至少基本上V形布置的线圈侧。相互倾斜的线圈侧可能是需要的,以便遵循定子3或定子区段25的尤其相对小的曲率半径,该定子或定子区段朝向气隙23进而朝向转子24。
图7示出外转子发电机2的原理图,该外转子发电机的转子24通过风力涡轮机被直接驱动,其中,通过在配设有永磁体28的转子24与根据本发明构建的定子3或定子区段25之间的电磁相互作用,通过电磁相互作用产生电能。在此,转子24随其壳体围绕固定的定子3旋转,该壳体固定在风力涡轮机的轴处。

Claims (15)

1.一种电机的定子(3)或定子区段(25)的齿线圈(6),所述齿线圈具有
-两个彼此间隔开的基本平行伸展的直线部段(14)和两个处于所述直线部段的端部处的、尤其180°的弓形件(15),所述弓形件形成绕组头(18),其中,所述直线部段(14)具有有源子区域(13),所述有源子区域的轴向扩展小于或等于所述直线部段(14)的轴向扩展,
-其中,所述齿线圈(6)具有沿纵向方向伸展的对称的延伸平面(16),
-其中,围绕所述齿线圈(6)的所述直线部段(14)配设有绝缘材料(9),所述绝缘材料在所述定子(3)或所述定子区段(25)中引起槽和/或相绝缘,
-其中,所述齿线圈(6)具有外侧(20)和内侧(19),其中,所述绝缘材料实施成在所述外侧(20)上相关于所述内侧(19)沿所述绕组头(18)的方向在轴向上更长。
2.根据权利要求1所述的齿线圈(6),其特征在于,所述齿线圈(6)由扁线(10)缠绕而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的齿线圈(6),其特征在于,所述扁线(10)关于所述延伸平面(16)翻边地布置,使得在横截面中观察,所述扁线(10)的纵向扩展垂直于所述延伸平面(16)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的齿线圈(6),其特征在于,所述齿线圈(6)的所述绝缘部(9)至少存在于所述有源子区域(13)处。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的齿线圈(6),其特征在于,每条扁线(10)具有子导体绝缘部(29),所述子导体绝缘部沿环周方向观察覆盖所述扁线(10)的至少一个纵向侧。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的齿线圈(6),其特征在于,通过将云母添加给所述绝缘部,使得所述有源子区域(13)的实施为槽和/或相绝缘部的绝缘部是部分耐放电的。
7.一种电机的定子(3)或定子区段(25),所述定子或所述定子区段具有导磁的基本体(26),在所述基本体中配设有基本上轴向伸展的、至少部分敞开的槽(17),所述槽配设有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的齿线圈(6),其中,所述定子(3)或所述定子区段(25)的每个槽(17)布置有一个或两个线圈侧。
8.根据权利要求7所述的定子(3)或定子区段(25),其特征在于,所述槽(17)的每个开口具有槽封闭元件(7)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的定子(3)或定子区段(25),其特征在于,所述槽和/或相绝缘部具有自粘的绝缘材料、特别是纸。
10.一种风力发电机(2),具有根据前述权利要求7至9中任一项所述的定子(3)或者具有多个根据前述权利要求7至9中任一项所述的定子区段(25),其中,所述定子(3)或所述定子区段(25)是外转子发电机或内转子发电机的一部分。
11.一种风力发电设施(1),具有至少一个根据权利要求10所述的风力发电机(2)。
12.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的齿线圈(6)的方法,具有以下步骤:
-将导体材料缠绕到辅助体上,
-将预制的齿线圈(6)从所述辅助体取下,并缠绕所述齿线圈(6),至少在所述齿线圈的有源子区域(13)上用绝缘材料(9)缠绕,使得
-所述绝缘材料实施成在所述外侧(20)上关于所述内侧(19)沿绕组头(18)的方向在轴向上更长的。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于制造齿线圈(6)的方法,其特征在于,所述齿线圈(6)的导体材料是配设有子导体绝缘部(29)的扁线(10),并且所述导体材料单层或双层地布置。
14.一种用于制造根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的定子(3)或定子区段(25)的方法,具有以下步骤:
-提供导磁的基本体(26),特别是具有由槽(17)和齿(8)构成的序列的叠片组,其中,将齿线圈(6)定位到所述槽(17)中,使得每个槽(17)存在不同的齿线圈(6)的一个线圈侧或两个线圈侧。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用于制造定子(3)或定子区段(25)的方法,其特征在于,所述槽(17)在所述槽的朝向气隙(23)的相应的开口处配设有槽封闭元件(7)。
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