CN112702736B - Industrial equipment authorization service system and method based on blockchain gateway - Google Patents
Industrial equipment authorization service system and method based on blockchain gateway Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees
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Abstract
In an industrial equipment authorization service system based on a blockchain gateway, the collected various types of data are transmitted to a TCP port of an access gateway layer in an industrial equipment layer of the Internet of things; in the access gateway layer, synchronizing block header information of a block chain account book after accessing a network, and performing validity check; when the equipment sends a service authorization request, the gateway layer requests the corresponding Merkle tree root Hash to the blockchain layer according to the request information, judges whether the equipment access passes authentication through calculation, and authorizes the service if the equipment access passes authentication; storing and managing the Hash information of each block of the block chain in the block chain layer, and returning the Hash of the requested block Merkle tree root when the gateway layer requests; when the gateway layer updates the access device information, the new information is updated in the chain. And an industrial equipment authorization service method based on the blockchain gateway is provided. The invention realizes the provision of safe and reliable authorization service on a huge number of industrial Internet of things edge devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an industrial equipment authorization service system and method based on a block chain gateway, in particular to a system and method for authorizing service for industrial equipment based on a gateway, a block chain and an industrial equipment three-layer architecture by verifying a block head update certificate through a Merkle tree.
Background
In recent years, the industrial Internet is vigorously developed, and the technology of the Internet of things is continuously innovated. Industrial equipment as a carrier for applications in the internet of things is currently increasing at a remarkable rate. Because the industrial equipment is huge in quantity and various, most of the equipment is not specially-attended, and under the general use scene, the equipment applies authority or authorized service to a server through a network, so that hidden danger of being hijacked or attacked by a third party is left. How to ensure the security and reliability of terminal equipment authorization service is an important ring of the security of the Internet of things. In a conventional service authorization manner, a server generally performs verification based on an identity of a device, and the service is authorized after the verification is passed. However, under the use scene of industrial Internet of things equipment, the method is high in calculation cost and deployment cost, so that the method cannot be directly applied.
In 2008, the blockchain technology is proposed, the matching degree of the distributed architecture and the distributed characteristics of the internet of things is higher, and the application value of mechanisms such as tamper-proof, trust establishment and the like on the internet of things equipment is higher, so that the blockchain technology has a wide application prospect in the internet of things. Simple payment authentication is used as one of blockchain technologies, and can verify operation effectiveness in a light client environment, so that the method has great potential in application to industrial Internet of things equipment.
The gateway, as a key ring for the device to access the network, bridges the data transmission in the device and server system. Traditional thing networking device inserts the internet through the gateway, and the gateway can provide the network service that the equipment network access needs. In general, the device is connected to the gateway through interfaces such as WiFi, RS-485, RJ-45, zigBee and the like, and the gateway processes data packets and is connected to a preset Internet of things to complete related operations such as data interaction and the like. And is therefore a very important ring for safety protection. The equipment and the gateway are taken as the basis of the implementation of the Internet of things, and are combined with the currently-hot blockchain technology, so that a new idea is provided for equipment service authorization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of large calculation cost, high deployment cost, easy attack by a third party and the like of the traditional service authorization mode applied to industrial Internet of things equipment, the invention provides the industrial equipment authorization service system and method based on the blockchain gateway, the gateway and the three-layer framework of the blockchain, and the credentials are updated through the verification of the blockhead of the Merkle tree, so that safe and reliable authorization service is provided on huge amounts of industrial Internet of things edge equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an industrial equipment authorization service system based on a blockchain gateway comprises an Internet of things industrial equipment layer, an access gateway layer and a blockchain layer.
The industrial equipment layer of the Internet of things consists of a large number of various terminal equipment with different types in different industrial application fields. The layer mainly uses a 4G, 5G or Wifi wireless communication mode, and a gateway port of an access gateway layer is arranged through a DTU and a concentrator, so that collected various types of data are transmitted to a TCP port of the access gateway layer;
The access gateway layer consists of gateway equipment, and after the access network, the gateway layer synchronizes the block header information of the block chain account book and performs validity check on the block header information; when the equipment sends a service authorization request, the gateway layer requests the corresponding Merkle tree root Hash to the blockchain layer according to the request information, judges whether the equipment access passes authentication through calculation, and authorizes the request service if the equipment access passes authentication; if the authentication fails, not responding to the request;
The block chain layer is used for storing and managing the Hash information of each block of the block chain. When the gateway layer requests, the hash of the requested block Merkle tree root is returned; when the gateway layer updates the access device information, the new information is updated in the chain.
Further, in the industrial equipment layer of the internet of things, a user can set an equipment communication mode, an equipment identifier, a connection protocol, a request time, a gateway IP, a port and the like through manual configuration.
Still further, in the access gateway layer, when the device requests the authorization service, the gateway layer may obtain the Hash information contained in the device request, and ask the blockchain layer for the Merkle tree path of the block where the Hash is located according to the Hash information. Obtaining Merkle tree root Hash through pairwise Hash calculation, comparing the Merkle tree root Hash with the Merkle tree root Hash stored in the block head, and if the Merkle tree root Hash exists and is confirmed to be more than a designated number of times (taking an Ethernet as an example, generally confirming more than 5 times as being unable to be tampered), successfully authenticating the equipment and authorizing the service; otherwise, authentication fails and the request is ignored.
Furthermore, in the access gateway layer, when the device needs to update the authentication information, the gateway layer requests the corresponding block information from the blockchain layer, and then updates the corresponding block information by the blockchain layer. Since the new block information needs to be confirmed more than a specified number of times as being non-tamperable, it is necessary to wait for several response time parties to be effective after updating the device information (for example, ethernet is about 15 seconds because more than 5 times of confirmation are needed, and thus the waiting time is about 75 seconds).
An industrial equipment authorization service method based on a blockchain gateway, the method comprising the steps of:
Step one, calculating Hash of a service authorization request to be verified according to an equipment object, and then executing step two;
step two, obtaining all block heads of the longest chain, storing the block heads in the local area, and then executing step three;
Step three, requesting the block chain layer to obtain a Merkle tree Hash authentication path through the requested Hash in the step one, and then executing the step four;
step four, calculating the hash value of the Merkle root according to the hash authentication path, comparing the hash value of the Merkle root with the hash value of the Merkle root in the block head of the local area, finding out the block where the service request to be verified is located, and then executing the step five;
Step five, verifying whether the block is on the longest chain and obtaining confirmation for more than the designated times, if not, the service authorization fails; if yes, the service authorization is successful;
Step six, if the equipment authentication is successful, authorizing the equipment to serve; if the equipment authentication fails, executing a step seven;
And step seven, discarding the service request, and ending.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: the service authorization method fully plays the advantage of the distributed characteristic of the block chain, and perfectly fuses the block chain with industrial equipment of the Internet of things. The service authorization framework is based on Merkle tree path Hash calculation, various heterogeneous industrial equipment at the equipment layer requests service to the gateway layer, the gateway layer is accessed to the Internet and then synchronous with block header information of a block chain account book, the block header information is checked, relevant information is required to the block chain layer according to the equipment request information, and whether the request equipment passes authentication is judged through the Hash calculation. When updating information, the new block needs to be regenerated after waiting for the consensus authentication, so that a plurality of times need to be waited for the new information to start to take effect.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) The problem of safety verification of the service request after the access of the edge equipment is solved, and a feasible scheme is provided for constructing a reliable and credible equipment service request network; (2) By introducing the blockchain technology, the reliability of the service authorization request is enhanced, the attack of third party hijacking and tampering request information can be resisted, the data security from the gateway to the server side is ensured, and illegal equipment invasion is prevented; (3) Based on authentication by Merkle tree path Hash calculation, the calculation pressure of gateway equipment is greatly reduced and the operation efficiency is improved by simplifying the block chain synchronization and verification steps.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hierarchical structure diagram of an industrial equipment authorization service method based on a blockchain gateway;
FIG. 2 is an industrial equipment authorization service request process;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of device credential updates.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are presented only to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an industrial equipment authorization service system based on a blockchain gateway is divided into the following three layers: the industrial equipment layer of the Internet of things consists of various heterogeneous industrial equipment and is responsible for data acquisition and uploading; the access gateway layer is composed of a large number of gateway devices, response devices send request service requests, request information is sent to the block chain layer, and device authentication is carried out through Hash calculation; and the block chain layer is used for responding to the gateway request, returning Merkle tree path information of the corresponding block of the gateway request, and updating the new information into the chain when the authentication information needs to be updated.
The industrial equipment layer of the Internet of things consists of various terminal equipment with huge quantity and different types in different industrial application fields, and the layer uses a 4G, 5G or Wifi wireless communication mode to set a gateway port of an access gateway layer through a DTU and a concentrator and transmit collected various types of data to a TCP port of the access gateway layer.
The access gateway layer consists of gateway equipment, and after the access network, the gateway layer synchronizes the block header information of the block chain account book and performs validity check on the block header information; when the equipment sends a service authorization request, the gateway layer requests the corresponding Merkle tree root Hash to the blockchain layer according to the request information, judges whether the equipment access passes authentication through calculation, and authorizes the request service if the equipment access passes authentication; if the authentication fails, not responding to the request;
The block chain layer is used for storing and managing the Hash information of each block of the block chain, returning the Hash of the requested block Merkle tree root when the gateway layer requests, and updating the new information into the chain when the gateway layer updates the access equipment information.
As shown in fig. 1, various industrial devices with huge quantity and different types in different fields use 4G, 5G or Wifi wireless communication modes, and a gateway port of an access gateway layer is arranged through a DTU and a concentrator, so that collected various types of data are transmitted to a TCP port of the access gateway layer; after the network is accessed, the gateway layer synchronizes the block header information of the block chain account book and performs validity check on the block header information. When the equipment sends a service authorization request, the gateway layer requests the corresponding Merkle tree root Hash to the blockchain layer according to the request information, judges whether the equipment access passes authentication through calculation, and authorizes the request service if the equipment access passes authentication; if the authentication fails, not responding to the request; when the gateway layer updates the access device information, the new information is updated in the chain.
As shown in fig. 2, the edge device collects a lot of data after working, and when the device requests access to the gateway, the gateway needs to authenticate the access device, and the service is authorized through authentication. The industrial equipment authorization service method based on the blockchain gateway comprises the following steps:
Step one, calculating Hash of a service authorization request to be verified according to an equipment object, and then executing step two;
step two, obtaining all block heads of the longest chain, storing the block heads in the local area, and then executing step three;
Step three, requesting the block chain layer to obtain a Merkle tree Hash authentication path through the requested Hash in the step one, and then executing the step four;
step four, calculating the hash value of the Merkle root according to the hash authentication path, comparing the hash value of the Merkle root with the hash value of the Merkle root in the block head of the local area, finding out the block where the service request to be verified is located, and then executing the step five;
Step five, verifying whether the block is on the longest chain and is confirmed more than a specified number of times (for example, the ethernet is taken as an example, more than 5 times of confirmation are needed to be regarded as non-tamperable), and if not, failing the service authorization; if so, the service authorization is successful.
Step six, if the equipment authentication is successful, authorizing the equipment to serve; if the authentication of the device fails, step seven is executed.
And step seven, discarding the service request, and ending.
When the gateway needs to update the device authentication information, new information needs to be handed over to the blockchain layer in-chain update, as shown in fig. 3. Since the block chain block update requires the re-establishment of the consensus mechanism, the updated block needs to be confirmed a specified number of times before it can be considered as tamper-proof. The blockchain out takes time, so the updated information credential needs to wait for several times before being validated. Here, taking the ethernet as an example, the ethernet takes about 15 seconds to get out of the block, and the ethernet considers that more than five times of validation are considered as non-tamperable, so it takes about 75 seconds to wait for the new information certificate to be valid.
The above description of embodiments is only intended to aid in the understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. An industrial equipment authorization service system based on a blockchain gateway is characterized by comprising an industrial equipment layer of the Internet of things, an access gateway layer and a blockchain layer;
The industrial equipment layer of the Internet of things consists of various terminal equipment with huge quantity and different types in different industrial application fields, and a gateway port of an access gateway layer is arranged through a DTU and a concentrator by using a 4G, 5G or Wifi wireless communication mode to transmit collected various types of data to a TCP port of the access gateway layer;
The access gateway layer consists of gateway equipment, and after the access network, the gateway layer synchronizes the block header information of the block chain account book and performs validity check on the block header information; when the equipment sends a service authorization request, the gateway layer requests the corresponding Merkle tree root Hash to the blockchain layer according to the request information, judges whether the equipment access passes authentication through calculation, and authorizes the request service if the equipment access passes authentication; if the authentication fails, not responding to the request;
The block chain layer is used for storing and managing the Hash information of each block of the block chain, and when the gateway layer requests, the Hash of the requested block Merkle tree root is returned; when the gateway layer updates the access device information, the new information is updated in the chain.
2. The blockchain gateway-based industrial equipment authorization service system of claim 1, wherein in the internet of things industrial equipment layer, a user can set an equipment communication mode, an equipment identifier, a connection protocol, a request time, a gateway IP and a port through manual configuration.
3. The industrial equipment authorization service system based on the blockchain gateway as in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the access gateway layer, when the equipment requests authorization service, the gateway layer can obtain the Hash information contained in the equipment request, and ask the blockchain layer for the Merkle tree path of the block where the Hash is located according to the information; obtaining Merkle tree root Hash through pairwise Hash calculation, comparing the Merkle tree root Hash with the Merkle tree root Hash stored in the block head, and if the Merkle tree root Hash exists and is confirmed to be more than the designated times, successfully authenticating the equipment and authorizing the service; otherwise, authentication fails and the request is ignored.
4. The industrial equipment authorization service system based on the blockchain gateway as in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the access gateway layer, when the equipment needs to update the authentication information, the gateway layer requests the corresponding blockinformation from the blockchain layer, and updates the blockchain information and then sends the blockchain information to the blockchain layer for updating; since the new block information needs to be confirmed more than a specified number of times as non-tamperable, it is necessary to wait for several response time parties to be effective after updating the device information.
5. A method of a blockchain gateway-based industrial device authorization service system as in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
Step one, calculating Hash of a service authorization request to be verified according to an equipment object, and then executing step two;
step two, obtaining all block heads of the longest chain, storing the block heads in the local area, and then executing step three;
Step three, requesting the block chain layer to obtain a Merkle tree Hash authentication path through the requested Hash in the step one, and then executing the step four;
step four, calculating the hash value of the Merkle root according to the hash authentication path, comparing the hash value of the Merkle root with the hash value of the Merkle root in the block head of the local area, finding out the block where the service request to be verified is located, and then executing the step five;
Step five, verifying whether the block is on the longest chain and obtaining confirmation for more than the designated times, if not, the service authorization fails; if yes, the service authorization is successful;
Step six, if the equipment authentication is successful, authorizing the equipment to serve; if the equipment authentication fails, executing a step seven;
And step seven, discarding the service request, and ending.
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| CN115473673A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-12-13 | 浙江省电子信息产品检验研究院 | Industrial equipment authorization service information verification and identification system based on block chain gateway |
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