CN112701564A - Three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch - Google Patents
Three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN112701564A CN112701564A CN202011527159.0A CN202011527159A CN112701564A CN 112701564 A CN112701564 A CN 112701564A CN 202011527159 A CN202011527159 A CN 202011527159A CN 112701564 A CN112701564 A CN 112701564A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
- H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/15—Details of spark gaps for protection against excessive pressure
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch, which solves the problem that the service life and the stability of the existing gas switch are relatively poor. The gas spark switch comprises an insulating shell, an upper electrode, a lower electrode, an electrode connecting piece, a trigger electrode, an electrode positioning block, a trigger connecting piece, a left cover plate, a right cover plate and an air tap; the insulating shell is a long-strip square shell and comprises an upper side plate, a lower side plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate; the upper electrode and the lower electrode are arranged in the insulating shell, and the electrode connecting piece is arranged in the mounting holes of the upper side plate and the lower side plate; the electrode positioning blocks are arranged on the left side and the right side of the inner cavity of the insulating shell; the trigger electrode comprises a wedge-shaped disc and a supporting long plate, the wedge-shaped disc is positioned between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and a central through hole is formed in the center of the wedge-shaped disc; the left end of the trigger connecting piece is arranged on the outer side of the left cover plate, and the right end of the trigger connecting piece is electrically connected with the trigger electrode; the air tap is arranged in the air tap mounting hole, the gas spark switch is compact in structure and low in inductance, and the triggering performance meets the FMG development requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas switches, and particularly relates to a three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch which is suitable for a fast Marx generator.
Background
The high-power gas switch has wide application in a primary pulse source, is a key device for generating initial electric pulse due to the characteristics of high working voltage, strong current capacity, large transferred charge quantity and the like, and plays a decisive role in the aspects of energy utilization efficiency, power amplification factor and waveform regulation.
The Marx generator is a common primary pulse source and is widely applied to large-scale pulse power devices. The traditional Marx gas switch mainly adopts a long-strip cylindrical shape as the whole outline of the switch, such as the Marx gas switch of a 'flash second-size' accelerator, the electrode height and the insulation gap distance of the gas switch are longer, and therefore the structural inductance of the switch is relatively larger; in the newly developed technology of the fast discharge primary pulse source, the Fast Marx Generator (FMG) requires that the gas switch has a low structural inductance, i.e., the height of the switch electrode and the distance of the insulation gap should not be too long, which requires that the overall profile of the switch is as flat as possible. In addition, in order to meet the synchronism and stability of parallel operation of a plurality of FMGs, more severe requirements are provided for the trigger jitter and the service life of the switch under a low under-voltage ratio. Therefore, it is a difficult problem how to design a gas switch with low jitter, long service life and high stability for operation with low under-voltage ratio on the premise that the height of the switch electrode and the gap distance are as small as possible.
In order to reduce the structural inductance of the gas switch, the american L3 communications company developed a three-electrode gas switch with an inductance of only 93 nH. The main electrode of the switch is a cylindrical flat plate structure with the diameter of 35mm, the trigger electrode adopts a circular ring structure with the central aperture of 9mm, and the overall size of the switch is phi 146 multiplied by 76mm2It is a standard flat structure. Meanwhile, in order to improve the triggering characteristic of the switch, a pre-ionization needle is specially introduced in the radial direction of the triggering electrode. According to the experimental results: under the conditions of working voltage +/-100 kV, loop equivalent capacitance 20nF, trigger voltage +120kV and under-voltage ratio of 81 percent, the jitter of the switch is only 1.2ns, and the aim of low jitter is achieved; the life of the pre-ionization pin is relatively short, resulting in relatively poor life and stability of the switch. This is fully verified from the experimental phenomenon that there are many self-discharges during the long-term operation of the switch, and when the under-voltage ratio is reduced to 70%, the switch jitter increases to 6ns, and there is a failure to break down the trigger.
In order to realize the purpose of low jitter of the switch under low under-voltage ratio, a field distortion gas switch is jointly developed by the Kinetech company and the Saint Asia national laboratory, wherein the main electrode of the switch is a hemispherical head electrode with the diameter of 25mm, and the trigger electrode of the switch is 4 needle-shaped cylinders with the diameter of 3 mm. When the trigger pulse comes, the tip of the trigger electrode will generate strong field distortion to promote the switch to be stably and reliably conducted under the condition of low under-voltage ratio. The experimental results show that: under the conditions of working voltage +/-100 kV, loop equivalent capacitance 20nF, trigger pulse voltage +120kV and under-voltage ratio 70%, the jitter of the switch is only 1.05ns, and the working target of low jitter is achieved. However, as the number of operations increases, the breakdown delay of the switch increases from the first 32ns to 43ns after 5000 times, and the jitter also increases from 1.05ns to 2.4 ns. Through inspection, the fact that the needle point ablation is too serious is a main reason for the increase of the trigger time delay and jitter of the switch, so that the service life and the stability of the gas switch are relatively poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the service life and the stability of the existing gas switch are relatively poor, and provides a three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch which is compact in structure, low in inductance and capable of meeting the FMG development requirement in triggering performance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch comprises an insulating shell, an upper electrode, a lower electrode and an electrode connectionThe trigger electrode is arranged on the left cover plate and the right cover plate; the insulating shell is a long-strip square shell and comprises an upper side plate, a lower side plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate, and mounting holes are formed in the end faces of the upper side plate and the lower side plate; the upper electrode and the lower electrode are arranged in the insulating shell and are of a stepped cylindrical structure, the large ends of the two stepped cylinders are parallel and opposite to each other, the small ends of the two stepped cylinders are connected with the electrode connecting piece, and the electrode connecting piece is arranged in the mounting holes of the upper side plate and the lower side plate; the two electrode positioning blocks are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the inner cavity of the insulating shell, and supporting mounting holes are formed in the end faces of the two electrode positioning blocks; the trigger electrode comprises a wedge-shaped disc and supporting long plates arranged on two sides of the wedge-shaped disc, the wedge-shaped disc is positioned between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the wedge-shaped disc are both provided with inwards concave wedge-shaped surfaces, and the center of the wedge-shaped disc is provided with a central through hole which has the same diameter and is coaxial with the large ends of the upper electrode and the lower electrode; one end of the support long plate is connected with the wedge-shaped disc, and the other end of the support long plate is arranged in the support mounting hole; the large ends of the upper electrode and the lower electrode are flat-head cylinders with rounded edges, and the side wall of the central through hole of the wedge-shaped disc is connected with the wedge-shaped surface through an arc surface; the inclined angle of the wedge-shaped surface of the wedge-shaped disc is theta2The included angle between the connecting line AB of the central point A of the rounded corner of the edge of the upper electrode and the lower electrode and the central point B of the arc surface of the trigger electrode and the axis of the wedge-shaped disc is theta1，2θ2＜θ1(ii) a The left cover plate is arranged on the left side of the insulating shell, the end face of the left cover plate is provided with a trigger connecting hole, the right cover plate is arranged on the right side of the insulating shell, and the end face of the right cover plate is provided with an air tap mounting hole; the left end of the trigger connecting piece is arranged on the outer side of the left cover plate, and the right end of the trigger connecting piece sequentially penetrates through the trigger connecting hole and the support mounting hole to be electrically connected with the trigger electrode; the air faucet is a plurality of, sets up in the air faucet mounting hole, and communicates with insulating casing inner chamber through the gas pocket that sets up on the electrode locating piece to realize aerifing and gassing.
Further, be equipped with the rectangular shape arch that extends along length direction on the terminal surface central axis of preceding curb plate and posterior lateral plate for increase switch following face distance, the junction of rectangular shape arch and preceding curb plate, posterior lateral plate sets up to the arc surface, the bellied outside edges and corners fillet of rectangular shape sets up.
Furthermore, the diameter of the large-end cylinder of the upper electrode and the large-end cylinder of the lower electrode are 40mm, and the gap distance between the two is 20 mm.
Further, the trigger connecting piece includes first trigger connecting rod and second trigger connecting rod, support the mounting hole including first round hole, second round hole and the bar mounting hole that sets gradually, the one end setting of first trigger connecting rod is in the left side apron outside, and the right-hand member passes and triggers the connecting hole setting in first round hole, the one end and the first trigger connecting rod that the second triggered the connecting rod are connected, and the other end passes the second round hole, is connected with the support long slab that sets up in the bar mounting hole.
Further, the electrode connecting piece includes spacing boss and connecting rod, the one end and the spacing boss of connecting rod are connected, and the other end passes the mounting hole and is connected with last electrode, lower electrode, the size of spacing boss is greater than the size of mounting hole, sets up in the curb plate of the top side, the curb plate outside down for prescribe a limit to the position of connecting rod.
Further, the upper side plate and the lower side plate are also provided with mounting plates, and the mounting plates are arranged in the mounting holes through electrode connecting pieces and are used for being connected with external equipment.
Furthermore, a first annular sealing groove is formed in the contact surface of the left cover plate, the right cover plate and the insulating shell, and a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the first annular sealing groove, so that the air tightness of the switch is guaranteed.
Furthermore, a second annular sealing groove is formed in the outer wall, in contact with the upper side plate and the lower side plate, of the electrode connecting piece, and a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the second annular sealing groove to guarantee the air tightness of the switch.
Furthermore, the insulating shell, the left cover plate and the right cover plate are made of organic glass materials, and the upper electrode, the lower electrode and the trigger electrode are made of stainless steel, tungsten-copper alloy or ablation-resistant metal materials; the electrode positioning block and the air tap are made of nylon materials.
Furthermore, the left cover plate and the right cover plate are connected with the insulating shell through fastening screws, and the fastening screws are made of polyether-ether-ketone materials.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the center of the trigger electrode of the three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch is of a wedge-shaped disc structure, and the inner ring is in a knife-edge shape with a chamfer angle, so that the structure is favorable for improving the distortion degree of an electric field during triggering and improving the triggering performance of the switch.
2. The inner diameter of the central through hole of the trigger electrode of the three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch is consistent with the outer diameters of the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and the arrangement is favorable for strong ultraviolet light emitted during discharge of the trigger gap to irradiate an overvoltage breakdown gap in a larger area, so that more free electrons are generated on the surface of the electrode, and the switching time delay and jitter can be effectively reduced.
3. The elongated bulges are arranged on the insulating shell of the three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch, so that the creepage distance of the switch is increased, and creepage flashover of the switch when the switch is resistant to high voltage can be prevented. In addition, in the FMG single stage structure, the protrusion also functions to fix the switch position.
4. The structural inductance of the three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch is 39nH, the trigger jitter of the switch is 1.02ns under the conditions of working voltage +/-85 kV, loop equivalent capacitance 125nF, trigger voltage +180kV and dry air charging of 6.5bar (under-voltage ratio of 57%), and the jitter does not change obviously after 10000 times of continuous operation, so that the performance meets the use requirement of a rapid Marx generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-electrode field-distorted gas spark switch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a three-electrode field-distorted gas spark switch of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a three-electrode field-distorted gas spark switch of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-electrode field-distorted gas spark switch of the present invention without an insulating housing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the insulated housing of the three-electrode field-distorted gas spark switch of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the angle design of the inner ring of the trigger electrode at the notch.
Reference numerals: 1-an insulating shell, 2-an upper electrode, 3-a lower electrode, 4-an electrode connecting piece, 5-a trigger electrode, 6-an electrode positioning block, 7-a trigger connecting piece, 8-a left cover plate, 9-a right cover plate, 10-an air nozzle, 11-a mounting plate, 12-a first annular sealing groove, 13-a second annular sealing groove, 14-a fastening screw, 101-an upper side plate, 102-a lower side plate, 103-a front side plate, 104-a rear side plate, 105-a mounting hole, 106-an elongated protrusion, 401-a limiting boss, 402-a connecting rod, 501-a wedge-shaped disc, 502-a long supporting plate, 503-a central through hole, 601-a supporting mounting hole, 701-a first trigger connecting rod, 702-a second trigger connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch which is compact in structure and low in inductance, can realize low-jitter operation under the condition of low under-voltage ratio by adopting an optimized trigger electrode structure, has the characteristics of long service life and high stability, and is suitable for a fast Marx generator.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch of the present invention includes an insulating housing 1, an upper electrode 2, a lower electrode 3, an electrode connecting member 4, a trigger electrode 5, an electrode positioning block 6, a trigger connecting member 7, a left cover plate 8, a right cover plate 9, and a gas nozzle 10. The insulating shell 1 is a long square shell and comprises an upper side plate 101, a lower side plate 102, a front side plate 103 and a rear side plate 104, the widths of the upper side plate 101 and the lower side plate 102 are larger than the widths of the front side plate 103 and the rear side plate 104, and the end faces of the upper side plate 101 and the lower side plate 102 are provided with mounting holes 105; the end face central axis of the front side plate 103 and the rear side plate 104 is provided with a strip-shaped protrusion 106 extending along the length direction, so that the switch surface distance is increased, at the moment, the joint of the strip-shaped protrusion 106 and the front side plate 103 and the connection of the rear side plate 104 are required to be set to be an arc surface, and the outside edge angle fillet of the strip-shaped protrusion 106 is arranged. The upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 are symmetrically arranged in the insulating shell 1 and are of a stepped cylindrical structure, the large ends of the two stepped cylinders are arranged in parallel and oppositely, the small ends of the two stepped cylinders are connected with the electrode connecting piece 4, and the electrode connecting piece 4 is arranged in the mounting holes 105 of the upper side plate 101 and the lower side plate 102; the two electrode positioning blocks 6 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the inner cavity of the insulating shell 1, and the end faces of the two electrode positioning blocks are provided with supporting and mounting holes 601; the trigger electrode 5 comprises a wedge-shaped disc 501 and supporting long plates 502 arranged on two sides of the wedge-shaped disc 501, the wedge-shaped disc 501 is positioned between the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the wedge-shaped disc are both provided with inwards concave wedge-shaped surfaces, a central through hole 503 is arranged in the center, the diameter of the central through hole 503 is the same as the diameter of the large ends of the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3, and the central through hole 503 is coaxially arranged with the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3; one end of the long supporting plate 502 is connected with the wedge-shaped disc 501, the other end of the long supporting plate is arranged in the supporting mounting hole 601, and the end face of the long supporting plate is provided with a triggering hole; the left cover plate 8 is arranged on the left side of the insulating shell 1 through a fastening screw 14, the end face of the left cover plate is provided with a trigger connecting hole, the right cover plate 9 is arranged on the right side of the insulating shell 1 through the fastening screw 14, and the end face of the right cover plate is provided with an air tap mounting hole; the left end of the trigger connecting piece 7 is arranged on the outer side of the left cover plate 8, and the right end of the trigger connecting piece penetrates through the trigger connecting hole to be arranged in the trigger hole and is electrically connected with the trigger electrode 5; the air nozzles 10 are arranged in the air nozzle mounting holes and communicated with the inner cavity of the insulating shell 1 through air holes formed in the electrode positioning blocks 6, so that inflation and deflation are realized.
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the large ends of the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 are flat-head cylinders with rounded edges, and the side wall of the central through hole 503 of the wedge-shaped disk 501 is connected with the wedge surface through an arc surface. The angle of inclination of the wedge surface of the wedge-shaped disc 501 is theta2The included angle between the connecting line AB of the central point A of the edge fillet of the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 and the central point B of the arc surface of the trigger electrode 5 and the axis of the wedge-shaped disc 501 is theta1At this time, 2 θ2＜θ1The inner ring of the wedge-shaped disc 501 can be arranged with a chamferThe knife edge is in a knife edge shape, and the angle of the knife edge inclined plane is smaller than half of the included angle between the line AB of the central point A of the main electrode chamfer and the central point B of the inner ring chamfer of the trigger electrode 5 and the axis. The invention sets the diameters of the big ends of the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 to be the same as the diameter of the central through hole 503 of the wedge-shaped disc 501, meanwhile, the wedge-shaped disc has a certain thickness, the edge of the central through hole of the wedge-shaped disc is a fillet structure, the angle of the knife edge inclined plane of the wedge-shaped disc is smaller than half of the included angle between the connecting line AB of the main electrode chamfer central point A and the trigger electrode 5 inner ring chamfer central point B and the axis, under the condition that the two are satisfied simultaneously, the field distortion effect between the main electrode and the trigger electrode can be effectively enhanced, the trigger performance of the switch is improved, meanwhile, the switch discharge area is mainly concentrated at the round corners of the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 and the round corner of the central hole of the trigger electrode 5, the concentration of the discharge area can effectively reduce the jitter of the switch discharge, the trigger disc structure can achieve the, the trigger plate has a larger ablation area and is therefore more resistant to ablation and has a longer switch life.
In order to ensure a reliable electrical connection of the trigger connection 7 to the trigger electrode 5, the structure of the trigger connection 7 can be defined as follows: the trigger connecting piece 7 comprises a first trigger connecting rod 701 and a second trigger connecting rod 702, the support mounting hole 601 comprises a first round hole, a second round hole and a strip-shaped mounting hole which are sequentially arranged, one end of the first trigger connecting rod 701 is arranged on the outer side of the left cover plate 8, the right end of the first trigger connecting rod passes through the trigger connecting hole and is arranged in the first round hole, one end of the second trigger connecting rod 702 is connected with the first trigger connecting rod 701, the other end of the second trigger connecting rod passes through the second round hole and is connected with the support long plate 502 arranged in the strip-shaped mounting hole.
The structure of the electrode connecting piece 4 of the gas spark switch is not limited as long as the connection of the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 can be realized, and specifically, the electrode connecting piece 4 comprises a limiting boss 401 and a connecting rod 402, one end of the connecting rod 402 is connected with the limiting boss 401, the other end of the connecting rod 402 passes through the mounting hole 105 to be connected with the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3, and the size of the limiting boss 401 is larger than that of the mounting hole 105, and the limiting boss is arranged on the outer sides of the upper side plate 101 and the lower side plate 102 and used for limiting the position of the connecting rod 402.
In order to ensure the air tightness of the gas spark switch, a first annular sealing groove 12 is arranged on the contact surface of the left cover plate 8 and the right cover plate 9 and the insulating shell 1, and a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the first annular sealing groove 12. A second annular sealing groove 13 is formed in the outer wall of the electrode connecting piece 4, which is in contact with the upper side plate 101 and the lower side plate 102, and a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the second annular sealing groove 13.
In order to realize more convenient installation, the upper side plate 101 and the lower side plate 102 of the invention are also provided with mounting plates 11, and the mounting plates 11 are arranged in the mounting holes 105 through the electrode connecting pieces 4 and are used for connecting with external equipment.
The three-electrode field distortion gas spark switch is characterized in that an insulating shell 1, a left cover plate 8 and a right cover plate 9 are made of organic glass materials, and an upper electrode 2, a lower electrode 3 and a trigger electrode 5 are made of stainless steel, tungsten-copper alloy or ablation-resistant metal materials; the electrode positioning block 6 and the air tap 10 are made of nylon materials, the fastening screw 14 is made of polyether-ether-ketone materials, and the materials have good hardness and tensile strength and can effectively improve the mechanical property and tensile strength of the fastening screw 14.
The structure of the three-electrode field-distorted gas spark switch of the present invention is described in detail below by way of specific examples.
Insulating casing 1 is made by organic glass material, and this shell length is 310mm, and wide for 150mm, high for 100mm, and thickness is 23mm, and outer wall chamfer radius is 10mm, and inner wall chamfer radius is 12 mm. The chamfer radius of the outer end of the elongated protrusion 106 on the front and rear outer walls of the shell is 2mm, and the chamfer radius of the joint of the elongated protrusion and the shell is 5 mm.
The upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 are made of stainless steel or tungsten-copper alloy and other ablation-resistant metal materials, and the two electrodes are identical in structure, are stepped cylindrical and are symmetrically arranged. The diameter of the electrode discharge end is 40mm, the thickness of the electrode discharge end is 14mm, the radius of the chamfer is 6mm, the diameter of the end close to the inner wall of the switch shell is 25mm, the thickness of the electrode discharge end is 3mm, and the center of the chamfer is provided with a 14mm deep threaded hole. The central positions of the upper side plate 101 and the lower side plate 102 are respectively provided with a mounting hole 105, the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 are symmetrically fixed on the inner surface of the insulating shell 1 through an electrode connecting piece 4, the gap distance between the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 is 20mm, the electrode connecting piece 4 penetrates through the mounting hole 105, one end of the electrode connecting piece is inwards connected and fixed with the upper electrode 3 and the lower electrode 3, and the other end of the electrode connecting piece is fixed on the outer surface of the insulating shell.
The trigger electrode 5 is made of stainless steel or tungsten-copper alloy and other ablation-resistant metal materials, is in a long-strip flat plate structure, and consists of a central wedge-shaped disc 501 and left and right support long plates 502, and the total length is 260 mm. A straight hole with the depth of 16mm is formed in the center of one end of the long supporting plate 502, one end of the long supporting plate 502 is connected with the electrode positioning block 6, and the other end of the long supporting plate 502 is fixed and connected with the wedge-shaped disc 501 through a screw. The core of the trigger electrode 5 is a middle wedge-shaped disc 501, the inner diameter is 40mm, the outer diameter is 76mm, the thickness of the thinnest part of the wedge is 2mm, and the chamfer radius is 0.5 mm.
The electrode positioning block 6 is made of nylon material and has the thickness of 50mm, the center positions of the left and right surfaces are respectively provided with a flat straight hole with the length of 14.5mm, the width of 6mm, the depth of 25mm and the chamfer radius of 3mm and a round straight hole with the diameter of 18mm and the depth of 20mm, and the two straight holes are communicated with each other through straight holes with the diameter of 8mm and the depth of 5 mm. Firstly, one surface with a flat straight hole is inwards arranged at one end of the insulating shell 1, the other surface of the flat straight hole is flush with the end surface of the shell, then the trigger electrode 5 extends into the insulating shell 1 from the other end of the insulating shell, one end of the trigger electrode is inserted into the flat straight hole of the electrode positioning block 6, and then the other positioning block is symmetrically arranged at the other end of the switch shell.
The cover plates at the two ends are made of organic glass materials, an annular sealing groove with the length of 114mm and the width of 64mm is formed in the center of the cover plate, the width of the groove is 4mm, the depth of the groove is 1.8mm, and chamfers with the radius of 5mm are formed in four corners of the annular sealing groove respectively. The annular sealing groove is used for installing a rubber sealing ring, and the air tightness of the switch is guaranteed. The periphery of the annular sealing groove is provided with 10 through holes with the diameter of 13mm, the two ends of the insulating shell 1 are respectively provided with 10M 12 threaded holes with the depth of 27mm, and the fastening screws 14 penetrate through the through holes in the cover plates and are screwed into the threaded holes at the two ends of the insulating shell 1, so that the cover plates at the two ends are tightly connected with the shell. The center of the left cover plate 8 is provided with a threaded hole for installing and fixing the connecting piece 4 of the trigger electrode 5, and the positions of two ends in the sealing groove of the right cover plate 9 are respectively provided with a threaded hole for installing an air nozzle 10. Two ends of the electrode positioning block 6 are respectively provided with a straight hole corresponding to the position of the air tap 10 on the cover plate, so that the switch can effectively inflate and deflate.
The present embodiment is obtained by a switch breakdown characteristic experiment: the switch working gas is dry air, and when the inflation pressure is 1bar, 2bar and 3bar respectively, the switch self-breakdown voltage is 103kV, 139kV and 175kV respectively, and the dispersity is 3.5kV, 2.4kV and 3.6kV respectively. Under the conditions of working voltage +/-85 kV, trigger pulse amplitude 180kV, working air pressure 6.5bar and under-voltage ratio 57%, the switch breakdown time delay is 20.4ns, the jitter is about 1.02ns, and the switch jitter is still about 1ns and has no obvious change after 10000 times of continuous operation in the state.
The present invention has been described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that the detailed description of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown and described. Any modification based on the idea of the invention falls within the scope of the right of the invention in the framework of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch, comprising: the electrode comprises an insulating shell (1), an upper electrode (2), a lower electrode (3), an electrode connecting piece (4), a trigger electrode (5), an electrode positioning block (6), a trigger connecting piece (7), a left cover plate (8), a right cover plate (9) and an air tap (10);
the insulating shell (1) is a long square shell and comprises an upper side plate (101), a lower side plate (102), a front side plate (103) and a rear side plate (104), and mounting holes (105) are formed in the end faces of the upper side plate (101) and the lower side plate (102);
the upper electrode (2) and the lower electrode (3) are arranged in the insulating shell (1) and are of a stepped cylindrical structure, the large ends of the two stepped cylinders are arranged in parallel and oppositely, the small ends of the two stepped cylinders are connected with the electrode connecting piece (4), and the electrode connecting piece (4) is arranged in the mounting holes (105) of the upper side plate (101) and the lower side plate (102);
the two electrode positioning blocks (6) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the inner cavity of the insulating shell (1), and the end faces of the two electrode positioning blocks are provided with supporting and mounting holes (601);
the trigger electrode (5) comprises a wedge-shaped disc (501) and supporting long plates (502) arranged on two sides of the wedge-shaped disc (501), the wedge-shaped disc (501) is positioned between the upper electrode (2) and the lower electrode (3), the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the wedge-shaped disc are both provided with inwards-concave wedge-shaped surfaces, and the center of the wedge-shaped disc is provided with a central through hole (503) which has the same diameter as the large ends of the upper electrode (2) and the lower electrode (3) and is coaxial with the large ends of the upper; one end of the long supporting plate (502) is connected with the wedge-shaped disc (501), and the other end of the long supporting plate is arranged in the supporting mounting hole (601);
the large ends of the upper electrode (2) and the lower electrode (3) are flat-head cylinders with rounded edges, and the side wall of a central through hole (503) of the wedge-shaped disc (501) is connected with the wedge-shaped surface through an arc surface; the inclined angle of the wedge surface of the wedge-shaped disc (501) is theta2The included angle between the connecting line AB of the edge fillet center point A of the upper electrode (2) and the edge fillet center point A of the lower electrode (3) and the arc surface center point B of the trigger electrode (5) and the axis of the wedge-shaped disc (501) is theta1，2θ2＜θ1；
The left cover plate (8) is arranged on the left side of the insulating shell (1), the end face of the left cover plate is provided with a trigger connecting hole, the right cover plate (9) is arranged on the right side of the insulating shell (1), and the end face of the right cover plate is provided with an air tap mounting hole;
the left end of the trigger connecting piece (7) is arranged on the outer side of the left cover plate (8), and the right end of the trigger connecting piece sequentially penetrates through the trigger connecting hole and the support mounting hole (601) to be electrically connected with the trigger electrode (5);
the air nozzles (10) are arranged in the air nozzle mounting holes and communicated with the inner cavity of the insulating shell (1) through air holes formed in the electrode positioning blocks (6), so that inflation and deflation are realized.
2. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 1, wherein: be equipped with on the terminal surface central axis of preceding curb plate (103) and posterior lateral plate (104) along the protruding (106) of rectangular shape of length direction extension for increase switch along the face distance, the junction of rectangular shape arch (106) and preceding curb plate (103), posterior lateral plate (104) sets up to the arc surface, the outside edges and corners fillet setting of rectangular shape arch (106).
3. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 2, wherein: the diameter of the large-end cylinder of the upper electrode (2) and the large-end cylinder of the lower electrode (3) are 40mm, and the gap distance between the two is 20 mm.
4. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: trigger connecting piece (7) and trigger connecting rod (702) including first trigger connecting rod (701) and second, support mounting hole (601) including first round hole, second round hole and the bar mounting hole that sets gradually, the one end setting of first trigger connecting rod (701) is in the left side apron (8) outside, and the right-hand member passes and triggers the connecting hole setting in first round hole, the second triggers the one end and is connected with first trigger connecting rod (701) of connecting rod (702), and the other end passes the second round hole, is connected with support long slab (502) of setting in the bar mounting hole.
5. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 4, wherein: electrode connecting piece (4) are including spacing boss (401) and connecting rod (402), the one end and the spacing boss (401) of connecting rod (402) are connected, and the other end passes mounting hole (105) and is connected with last electrode (2), lower electrode (3), the size of spacing boss (401) is greater than the size of mounting hole (105), sets up in last curb plate (101), lower curb plate (102) outside for prescribe a limit to the position of connecting rod (402).
6. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 5, wherein: the electrode connecting piece is characterized in that mounting plates (11) are further arranged on the upper side plate (101) and the lower side plate (102), and the mounting plates (11) are arranged in the mounting holes (105) through the electrode connecting pieces (4) and are used for being connected with external equipment.
7. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 6, wherein: a first annular sealing groove (12) is formed in the surface, in contact with the insulating shell (1), of the left cover plate (8) and the right cover plate (9), a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the first annular sealing groove (12), and the air tightness of the switch is guaranteed.
8. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 7, wherein: and a second annular sealing groove (13) is formed in the outer wall, which is contacted with the upper side plate (101) and the lower side plate (102), of the electrode connecting piece (4), and a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the second annular sealing groove (13), so that the air tightness of the switch is ensured.
9. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 8, wherein: the insulating shell (1), the left cover plate (8) and the right cover plate (9) are made of organic glass materials, and the upper electrode (2), the lower electrode (3) and the trigger electrode (5) are made of stainless steel, tungsten-copper alloy or ablation-resistant metal materials; the electrode positioning block (6) and the air tap (10) are made of nylon materials.
10. A three-electrode field-distorting gas spark switch according to claim 9, wherein: the left cover plate (8) and the right cover plate (9) are connected with the insulating shell (1) through fastening screws (14), and the fastening screws (14) are made of polyether-ether-ketone materials.
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