CN112698148B - Voltage sag source positioning and fault handling method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A voltage sag source positioning and fault disposal method relates to the technical field of electric power, and the method comprises the steps of firstly positioning a voltage sag source by configuring monitoring points, then optimizing the monitoring points, and finally performing emergency disposal on faults by utilizing an FCP (fuzzy c-means) technology, so that a strong field power supply emergency system can be formed, and the technologies of rapid response capability and special disposal under special conditions are enriched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a voltage sag source positioning and fault handling method.
Background
The known voltage sag is a phenomenon that the square mean root value of the power frequency voltage at a certain point in a power system is suddenly reduced to 0.1p.u. -0.9 p.u., and the power frequency voltage is recovered to be normal after the power frequency voltage is temporarily continued for 10 ms-1 min. I.e. a voltage sag is a voltage event where the effective value of the voltage suddenly decreases for a short time and then automatically recovers. In a three-phase system, the sag amplitude is defined as the value of the smallest one of the root-mean-square values of the voltages of the three phases, and the duration is the time that the voltage sag has elapsed from the moment of occurrence to the moment of termination, generally the time at which the voltage amplitude is below a given starting and termination threshold. In recent years, the voltage sag brings huge economic loss to sensitive industrial users, and the voltage sag becomes the most serious problem of electric energy quality at present, thereby causing wide attention in the domestic and foreign electrical engineering fields. Research and analysis show that 1, if the fault of the service area can be quickly responded and the fault point can be positioned at the fastest speed, the service quality of the mobile power supply vehicle can be improved, so that the emergency handling requirement of provincial and municipal power grids or power supply companies can be met, the interruption service of power users can be reduced, and the service commitment of the power grid power supply companies to the users can be improved. 2. Under the condition of wartime, the risk power supply fault point can be effectively predicted and emergently and quickly processed, the power supply reliability and the quick response capability are improved, the second round of counterattack is effectively organized, the survival capability is improved, and particularly, the strong power reserve scheme of the isolated power supply is provided. 3. The accurate judgment technology is provided, the power distribution condition at the time can be flexibly scheduled and judged, a quick and accurate decision is made to avoid risk expansion, a fault area is quickly isolated, and the like.
In order to overcome the technical problems, the inventor searches and analyzes the existing mainstream voltage sag source positioning method, for example, the positioning method is based on voltage and current data, the principle is that the voltage and current data is combined with the system impedance relationship for positioning, and the defect is that the magnetic bias saturation phenomenon causes a large measurement current error during short circuit. For example, based on traveling wave measurement, the principle is that the propagation time from traveling wave to fault point is used for positioning, and the defects are that the requirement on the synchronization of the device is high and the cost is high. For example, based on S-signal injection, the principle of locating by injecting a signal and checking its flow path has the disadvantage of additional signal injection source and low efficiency.
Therefore, how to overcome the above technical problems and provide a method for positioning a voltage sag source and handling a fault becomes a long-term technical demand of those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a voltage sag source positioning and fault handling method, which can accurately determine the position of a voltage sag source and provide technical fault elimination by utilizing an FCP key power supply technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for positioning a voltage sag source and handling faults comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a fault area:
performing fault tracing based on voltage information on two sides of the transformer, and judging the relative position of a fault source and a monitoring point, namely generating voltage drop on transformer impedance by fault current, wherein when the fault source is on the secondary side of the transformer, the residual voltage on the primary side of the transformer is greater than the residual voltage on the secondary side of the transformer, and when the fault source is on the primary side of the transformer, the residual voltage on the primary side of the transformer is opposite;
step two, screening fault lines:
firstly, setting an initial fault line set, reducing the fault line set through next monitoring point data, then searching a next grounding i and a node j in the fault line set, when the grounding i and the node j form a line, (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have intersection, when the grounding i and the node j can not form a line, searching the next grounding i and the node j in the fault line set again until the grounding i and the node j form a line, when (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have no intersection, searching the next grounding i and the node j in the fault line set again, when (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have intersection, referring the lines i and j to a new fault line set, all the nodes in the network are monitored, when all the nodes in the network are not monitored, searching for the next grounding i and the next grounding j in the fault line set again, when all the nodes in the network are monitored, considering all the monitoring point data to obtain a final fault line set, and when all the monitoring point data are not considered, searching for the next grounding i and the next grounding j in the fault line set again;
thirdly, precisely positioning a sag source:
firstly, when a fault occurs at the per unit distance y on the bus i-j, obtaining Ifi by using the superposition principle and equivalence: ifj = (1-y): y, namely equivalent fault injection current values Ifi and Ifj at two end points of a fault line, wherein the ratio of Ifi to Ifj is a fault position function, and then the relationship between Ifi and Ifj is obtained by solving the impedance matrix and the voltage of a monitoring point, and a fault position y is obtained;
step four, optimizing detection points:
firstly, solving algorithms according to system topology and impedance data and the configuration schemes to obtain a plurality of feasible configuration schemes, wherein the configuration scheme solving algorithms start from a system impedance matrix to form a binary linear programming problem so as to meet the requirements of economy and fault positioning, wherein the economic requirement is that the number of configured monitoring devices is as small as possible; the requirement of fault positioning is that the column vectors of the impedance matrix corresponding to the buses at two end points of any line are linearly independent; solving the linear programming problem by using a gravity search algorithm (BGSA) to obtain a plurality of feasible schemes; then, obtaining a most total optimal preparation scheme according to a feasible scheme optimization algorithm, wherein the feasible scheme optimization algorithm is based on a fuzzy reasoning model, and the anti-interference capability is optimized from the Euclidean distance between a monitored voltage value and a sag voltage threshold value;
fifthly, utilizing the FCP technology to handle faults:
failure mitigation is provided using Flywheel critical power system (FCP) critical power technology.
In the third step, the impedance matrix and the voltage of the monitoring point are solved by traversing all lines, then performing coefficient decomposition, namely performing non-negative minimum variance decomposition (NNLSQ) on the voltage vector of the monitoring point on the impedance matrix to obtain a decomposition coefficient and a decomposition result vector, then performing similarity analysis, namely obtaining a Pearson similarity index (CPC) of the decomposition result vector and the voltage vector of the monitoring point, and finally determining a fault position, namely the fault position with the highest CPC similarity index in all lines of the whole network is the fault line and is related by the decomposition coefficient.
In the voltage sag source positioning and fault handling method, when the detection points are optimized in the fourth step, the optimized configuration of the monitoring points requires that the array vectors of the impedance matrixes corresponding to the two end points of any line are linearly independent.
In the voltage sag source positioning and fault handling method, in the fifth step, the FCP may integrate a mobile truck type or a fixed platform to flexibly deploy and respond to a response unit of the voltage sag fault.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the method comprises the steps of firstly positioning a voltage sag source by configuring monitoring points, then optimizing the monitoring points, and finally utilizing the FCP technology to deal with faults in an emergency mode, so that a strong field power supply emergency system can be formed, and the technologies of rapid response capability and special handling situations under special conditions are enriched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of fault detection in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a screening model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the fault line screening method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the precise positioning of the voltage sag source of the power grid according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the accurate positioning of the grid voltage sag source according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of the optimal configuration in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention;
the invention discloses a voltage sag source positioning and fault handling method according to the attached figures 1-6, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a fault area:
performing fault tracing based on voltage information on two sides of the transformer, and judging the relative position of a fault source and a monitoring point, namely generating voltage drop on transformer impedance by fault current, wherein when the fault source is on the secondary side of the transformer, the residual voltage on the primary side of the transformer is greater than the residual voltage on the secondary side of the transformer, and when the fault source is on the primary side of the transformer, the residual voltage on the primary side of the transformer is opposite; in implementation, after different sag types pass through the transformers with different winding connection modes, the voltage sag types of the secondary side of the transformer can be changed differently;
in specific implementation, the failure detection principle is as shown in fig. 1, in the figure, E1 is a power supply, Z1 is a power supply primary side impedance, and V1 is a power supply primary side boundary, similarly, E2 is a power supply, Z2 is a power supply secondary side impedance, and V2 is a power supply secondary side boundary. When a fault point is short-circuited or grounded, if the fault point occurs on the secondary side of a power supply, the residual voltage on the primary side of the transformer is larger than the residual voltage on the secondary side, and the situation is opposite when the fault occurs on the primary side. Namely, the transformer monitoring sensor can sense that the fault point occurs in the secondary side area of the transformer, namely, the fault source is on the right side (adjacent side) of the monitoring point.
During implementation, an IEEE14 standard power distribution network is simulated in PSCAD, a fault is arranged at a bus 7, two monitoring points are arranged at two sides of a transformer 2 (a third type transformer), per-unit values of three-phase voltage effective values are drawn through detection data at M1 and M2, a voltage propagation rule accords with a theoretical result according to the per-unit values of the drawn three-phase voltage effective values, which power grid the voltage sag source is in can be determined according to the above, further, voltage sag fault points of a power transmission and distribution network are accurately positioned, a fault area is determined according to a fault tracing algorithm, when fault is positioned at the level of the power transmission network, a power transmission network section is positioned firstly, the power transmission network is accurately positioned, the power transmission network is fixed by a power transmission network structure during positioning, the operation state is stable, line impedance deviation is not large, and the like, a positioning method based on data comparison and section segmentation can be adopted, the calculated amount is small, and the running speed is high. When fault location is carried out on the power distribution layer, the power distribution network has the characteristics of more branches, more nodes, complex operation and the like, and the method based on Pearson vector correlation coefficient and nonnegative minimum variance decomposition can be adopted to directly carry out accurate location so as to fully utilize the voltage characteristics of monitoring points during fault and the node impedance matrix characteristics of various distribution networks.
Step two, screening fault lines:
firstly, setting an initial fault line set, reducing the fault line set through next monitoring point data, then searching a next grounding i and a node j in the fault line set, when the grounding i and the node j form a line, (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have intersection, when the grounding i and the node j can not form a line, searching the next grounding i and the node j in the fault line set again until the grounding i and the node j form a line, when (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have no intersection, searching the next grounding i and the node j in the fault line set again, when (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have intersection, referring the lines i and j to a new fault line set, all the nodes in the network are monitored, when all the nodes in the network are not monitored, searching for the next grounding i and the next grounding j in the fault line set again, when all the nodes in the network are monitored, considering all the monitoring point data to obtain a final fault line set, and when all the monitoring point data are not considered, searching for the next grounding i and the next grounding j in the fault line set again;
in specific implementation, the screening model is shown in fig. 2: and uniformly taking N points on the fault section, calculating the corresponding voltage sag amplitude value at the detection point according to the network topology structure, and accurately positioning the fault by the fault of the error function.
The screening failure flow diagram is shown in fig. 3.
Thirdly, precisely positioning a sag source:
according to the attached drawings 4 and 5, firstly, when a fault occurs at the per-unit distance y on the bus i-j, the Ifi is obtained by using the superposition principle and equivalence: ifj = (1-y): y, namely equivalent fault injection current values Ifi and Ifj at two end points of a fault line, wherein the ratio of Ifi to Ifj is a fault position function, and then the relationship between Ifi and Ifj is obtained by solving the impedance matrix and the voltage of a monitoring point, and a fault position y is obtained; the impedance matrix and monitoring point voltage solving process comprises the steps of firstly traversing all lines, then carrying out coefficient decomposition, namely carrying out non-negative minimum variance decomposition (NNLSQ) on a monitoring point voltage vector in the impedance matrix to obtain a decomposition coefficient and a decomposition result vector, then carrying out similarity analysis, namely obtaining a Pearson similarity index (CPC) of the decomposition result vector and the monitoring point voltage vector, and finally determining a fault position, namely determining the fault position according to the relation of the decomposition coefficient, wherein the highest CPC similarity index in all lines of the whole network is the fault line;
step four, optimizing detection points:
firstly, solving algorithms according to system topology and impedance data and the configuration schemes to obtain a plurality of feasible configuration schemes, wherein the configuration scheme solving algorithms start from a system impedance matrix to form a binary linear programming problem so as to meet the requirements of economy and fault positioning, wherein the economic requirement is that the number of configured monitoring devices is as small as possible; the requirement about fault positioning is that the column vectors of the impedance matrixes corresponding to the buses at the two end points of any line are linearly independent; solving the linear programming problem by utilizing a gravity search algorithm (BGSA) to obtain a plurality of feasible schemes; then, obtaining a most total optimal preparation scheme according to a feasible scheme optimization algorithm, wherein the feasible scheme optimization algorithm is based on a fuzzy reasoning model, and the anti-interference capability is optimized from the Euclidean distance between a monitored voltage value and a sag voltage threshold value; during implementation, the optimal configuration of the monitoring points requires that the impedance matrix column vectors corresponding to the two end points of any line are linearly independent. The clustering technology based on a random observation point mechanism can automatically determine the number and the class center of the class clusters, and the I-nice can map original data of a high-dimensional space into distance data of a one-dimensional space by randomly placing observation points in a sample space, so that the I-nice technology utilizing K-means can apply data mining such as default difference compensation, abnormal point detection and the like, and can promote supervision integration and improvement of learning algorithm performance of a subspace clustering machine.
In specific implementation, the optimal configuration flowchart is shown in fig. 6.
Fifthly, using the FCP technology to handle faults:
failure mitigation is provided using Flywheel critical power system (FCP) critical power technology. The FCP can be integrated with a mobile truck type or a response unit for flexibly deploying a fixed platform and dealing with voltage sag faults.
In specific implementation, the FCP technology handles the failure according to the following principle:
1. conventionally, through waiting for the readjustment of the instruction, overshoot or undershoot of the instruction and adjustment may occur, and oscillation may also occur.
2. In addition, most voltage sag prevention devices cannot achieve precise and precise adjustment, and low-frequency oscillation cannot be eliminated.
3. FCP is a quick response physical energy storage technology (the core component is a mechanical flywheel), the slope of a discharge curve can reach 80 degrees, millisecond transient voltage sag output can be accurately compensated, and system transient balance can be achieved in the shortest time.
4. The voltage sag system with intellectualization and small error can be realized by combining three characteristics of self-identification, self-diagnosis and self-tracking of FCP.
5. FCP especially in the military field, can effectively ensure that power supply system is more strong, provides stable output for high-end weapon power, can accomplish accurate smooth output, lets laser weapon, high-energy weapon, the far that beats, the accuracy of penetrating.
When the method is implemented, the position of the voltage sag source can be accurately determined. And then, providing technical fault elimination by using a Flywheel critical power system (FCP) key power technology, wherein the FCP can be integrated with a mobile truck type or a fixed platform to flexibly deploy and respond to voltage sag faults.
The FCP technology combined with the intelligent positioning and the optimal configuration can form a strong field operation power supply emergency system, and the technology for rapidly responding and disposing special situations under special conditions is enriched.
The key points of the technology of the invention are as follows:
1. positioning a voltage sag source by configuring a monitoring point;
2. optimizing monitoring points;
3. FCP technology is utilized to emergency handle failures.
The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments chosen for the purpose of disclosure of the invention are presently considered to be suitable, however, it is to be understood that the invention is intended to cover all variations and modifications of the embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A voltage sag source positioning and fault handling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a fault area:
performing fault tracing based on voltage information on two sides of the transformer, and judging the relative position of a fault source and a monitoring point, namely generating voltage drop on transformer impedance by fault current, wherein when the fault source is on the secondary side of the transformer, the residual voltage on the primary side of the transformer is greater than the residual voltage on the secondary side of the transformer, and when the fault source is on the primary side of the transformer, the residual voltage on the primary side of the transformer is opposite;
step two, screening fault lines:
firstly, setting an initial fault line set, reducing the fault line set through the data of the next monitoring point, then searching the next node i and node j in the fault line set, when the node i and the node j form a line, (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have intersection, when the node i and the node j can not form a line, searching the next node i and the node j in the fault line set again until the node i and the node j form a line, when the (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have no intersection, searching the next node i and the node j in the fault line set again, when the (Vc-i, Vc-j) and (95% Vm-105% Vm) have intersection, referring the node i and the node j to the new fault line set, all the nodes in the network are monitored, when all nodes in the network are not monitored, searching the next node i and node j in the fault line set again, when all nodes in the network are monitored, considering all monitoring point data to obtain a final fault line set, and when all monitoring point data are not considered, searching the next node i and node j in the fault line set again;
thirdly, precisely positioning a sag source:
firstly, when a failure occurs at the per-unit distance y between the node i and the node j, obtaining Ifi by using the superposition principle and equivalence: ifj = (1-y): y, namely equivalent fault injection current values Ifi and Ifj at two end points of a fault line, wherein the ratio of Ifi and Ifj is a fault position function, and then the relationship between Ifi and Ifj is obtained by solving the impedance matrix and the voltage of a monitoring point, and a fault position y is obtained;
step four, optimizing monitoring points:
firstly, solving algorithms according to system topology and impedance data and the configuration schemes to obtain a plurality of feasible configuration schemes, wherein the configuration scheme solving algorithms start from a system impedance matrix to form a binary linear programming problem so as to meet the requirements of economy and fault positioning, wherein the economic requirement is that the number of configured monitoring devices is as small as possible; the requirement of fault positioning is that the column vectors of the impedance matrix corresponding to the buses at two end points of any line are linearly independent; solving the linear programming problem by using a gravity search algorithm (BGSA) to obtain a plurality of feasible schemes; then obtaining a final optimal preparation scheme according to a feasible scheme optimization algorithm, wherein the feasible scheme optimization algorithm is based on a fuzzy inference model, and the anti-interference capability is optimized from the Euclidean distance between the monitored voltage value and the sag voltage threshold value;
fifthly, using the FCP technology to handle faults:
flywheel critical power system (FCP) critical power technology is utilized to provide technical fault elimination.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and in the third step, the impedance matrix and the voltage of the monitoring point are solved by traversing all lines, then performing coefficient decomposition, namely performing non-negative minimum variance decomposition (NNLSQ) on the voltage vector of the monitoring point on the impedance matrix to obtain a decomposition coefficient and a decomposition result vector, then performing similarity analysis, namely obtaining a Pearson similarity index (CPC) of the decomposition result vector and the voltage vector of the monitoring point, and finally determining a fault position, namely determining the fault position according to the relation of the decomposition coefficients, wherein the highest CPC similarity index in all lines of the whole network is the fault line.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and when the monitoring points are optimized in the fourth step, the optimized configuration of the monitoring points requires that the impedance matrix column vectors corresponding to the two end points of any line are linearly independent.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: in the fifth step, the FCP can integrate a mobile truck type or a fixed platform to flexibly deploy and respond to the voltage sag fault response unit.
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