CN112697955B - Multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device, which comprises a three-layer steel structure building main body, wherein the three-layer steel structure building main body comprises facilities such as an inner cavity, a door, a window and the like, universal wheels are arranged at the bottom layer, a smoke collecting hood is arranged at the upper layer, and a pipeline is connected with a gas analysis system; the front of the building main body is provided with a heat flow measuring system, a temperature measuring system and an image acquisition system, wherein the former is realized by a thermocouple arranged on a thermocouple frame, and the latter is realized by DV and a high-speed camera together. The device can be used for carrying out a plurality of researches on building fire and fire prevention and separation, simulating the combustion phenomenon and the spreading rule of combustible materials in the real building fire scene, and exploring the effective fire prevention and separation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire safety, and particularly relates to a multifunctional large-scale three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device which can be used for carrying out related experimental researches on the evolution of flame characteristic parameters, three-dimensional fire spreading behaviors, the development of flame retardant isolation technologies and the like of high-rise buildings.
Background
The spread of three-dimensional fire is a fundamental subject in building fire and fire safety, and in recent years, with the increasing number of high-rise buildings, the situation of high-rise buildings fire is more severe, and disaster accidents emerge endlessly. The three-dimensional fire spreading behavior and the law are not only related to the physicochemical property, the size, the shape and the shape of the combustible, but also have close relation with environmental factors. Due to the complexity of fire scenes, a mature technology for preventing and treating the three-dimensional fire spreading disasters of high-rise buildings is not developed at home and abroad at present. Flammable organic heat-insulating materials on the outer layer of the high-rise building are easy to melt and flow after being heated, have high combustion heat, high fire spreading speed and more toxic and harmful gases, and have great fire hazard risk; the indoor combustion environment is complex, the combustion heat is far beyond that of a conventional building, and the spread of internal and external interaction fire is easily realized through glass curtain walls and other ways; the high-rise building is easy to form a chimney effect at the positions of stairways, cable wells and the like, and the smoke spread is fast; and fire people in the high-rise building are difficult to evacuate and extinguish fire and rescue, and huge personnel and property losses are easily caused. The method researches the multi-parameter coupled three-dimensional fire spreading behavior law under different conditions, scientifically recognizes the building facade fire development mechanism and combustion characteristics under large-scale conditions, establishes a perfect fire spreading theory, explores the high-rise building fire prevention and separation technology, can not only expand and deepen the fire scientific theory, but also provide theoretical support for developing the building fire prevention and control technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a set of multifunctional large-scale internal and external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device in order to research the internal and external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading behavior rule of a multi-story building and explore the needs of the fields of fire induction, development, obstruction, inhibition and the like of the multi-story building.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experiment device comprises an experiment system and a measurement system, wherein the experiment system comprises a three-layer steel structure building main body, the three-layer steel structure building main body comprises a universal wheel rail, a casement window, a side hung door and a smoke collecting hood, and the measurement system comprises a gas analysis system, a temperature measurement system and an image acquisition system; the gas analysis system, the temperature measurement system and the image acquisition system are connected to a smoke collecting hood air duct; wherein:
four universal wheels are arranged on the lower portion of the steel structure building main body and the lower portion of the temperature acquisition system respectively;
the three-layer steel structure building comprises three size-reduced rooms, wherein each room is provided with a vertical hinged door and a vertical hinged window;
the fume collecting hood main body is provided with a high-power fume exhaust device and a power regulator, and analyzes the combustion gas products and the concentration of the fume through a gas analysis system connected with an air duct pipeline;
the temperature measuring system comprises a thermocouple frame capable of freely moving and thermocouples arranged on the thermocouple frame, the number of the rows of the thermocouples is 100, the distance between the rows of the thermocouples is 5cm, and the thermocouple tree measurement at the vertical distance of 5cm can be realized;
the image acquisition system comprises a DV and a high-speed camera.
Furthermore, the length, the width and the height of an inner cavity of the steel structure building main body are 1.7m multiplied by 1.2m, the wall thickness is 15cm, a material framework is a stainless steel section, an aluminum silicate fiber felt with the thickness of 5cm is coated and laid outside the inner cavity, the size of the side hung door is 1.2m multiplied by 1.0m, the size of the window is 1.0m multiplied by 0.8m, and the size of the building main body is 2.0m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 4.7 m.
Further, the collection petticoat pipe covers the size and is 6 m.
Further, the size of the bent frame of the temperature measuring system 6 is 3.0m × 0.2m × 5.0m, the bent frames total 100 bent frames, and the longitudinal distance between the bent frames is 5 cm.
Further, the gas analysis system is arranged on the fume collecting hood pipeline according to the ISO9705 international standard and comprises a pitot tube, a thermocouple and a gas sampling device, wherein the gas sampling device comprises a sampling pump, a smoke filter, a dehumidification cold trap, an evacuated bypass system, a moisture filter and CO 2 The filter, all measurement lines lead to the data acquisition system and the gas analyzer of the surface control room, respectively.
Furthermore, four universal wheels are arranged at the lower parts of the steel structure building main body and the temperature acquisition system respectively, so that the large-scale device can be moved conveniently, the experiment main body is positioned right below the smoke collecting hood, and the wheels can be locked and fixed;
further, the outside steel construction that adopts of three-layer steel construction building, embedded ceramic fiber board cuts apart upper and lower cavity as thermal insulation material, including three 1: 2, each room is provided with a vertical hinged door and a vertical hinged window, so that the research can be respectively carried out on glass breakage under the situations of limited space fire, overflowing fire and fire, and meanwhile, heat-insulating materials can be arranged on the outer vertical surface to research the fire spreading behavior rule of the outer vertical surface;
furthermore, the fume collecting hood main body is provided with a high-power fume exhaust device and a power regulator, parameters such as combustion gas products, fume concentration, gas temperature and speed are analyzed through a gas analysis system connected with an air duct pipeline, the real-time generation rate of toxic and harmful gases after combustion is obtained, meanwhile, combustion heat can be measured, and the installation details of the gas analysis system are executed according to the building material heat release rate test method GB/T16172-2007;
furthermore, the temperature measuring system comprises a thermocouple frame capable of freely moving and thermocouples arranged on the thermocouple frame, the bent frames account for 100 bent frames, the distance is 5cm, a graduated scale is arranged in the side direction of the bent frames to record the height of the bent frames, the width of the bent frames in the horizontal direction is 3m, a cross rod capable of horizontally moving the thermocouples is arranged, each bent frame is provided with a horizontal graduated scale to record the horizontal position, and the device can realize the free arrangement and accurate adjustment of the thermocouples;
furthermore, the image acquisition system comprises a DV and a high-speed camera, wherein the DV can meet the requirement of recording experimental videos in an experiment, particularly the flame position and the flame shape, and the high-speed camera is used for capturing the flame sudden change moment and the glass breaking moment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a set of multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device, which can conveniently and accurately realize the simulation in the fire process of a multi-story high-rise building, can comprehensively record parameters in the experimental process in real time, and can conveniently control the experimental environment and experimental conditions. Multifunctional measuring holes are preset in the cavity, a thermocouple, a radiation and heat flow measuring device can be installed, measuring point positions can be arranged at will, and the heat transfer mechanism and the law of flame can be conveniently researched; through data analysis of a gas analysis system, the type, real-time concentration, flue gas temperature and components of a main gas product after combustion can be obtained, and the heat release rate in an experiment is calculated; the structure of the thermocouple can be conveniently realized through the temperature acquisition system, and the real-time temperature in the experimental environment is acquired; the image acquisition system can acquire the flame implementation form and the spreading rule in the experimental process. The device has the characteristics of convenient operation, high truth degree and complete functions, and has great significance for deeply knowing the spread of three-dimensional fire, the development law of building fire, the development of prevention and control technology and the like. The device can be used for carrying out a plurality of researches on the internal and external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading of multi-story high-rise buildings, simulating the combustion phenomenon of combustible materials in a large-scale real fire scene and researching the combustion characteristics of the combustible materials, such as: the method comprises the evolution process of fire in a limited space, indoor fire, overflow fire and external vertical surface fire, a glass breaking mechanism and crack propagation rule in a fire scene, a combustion rule of an external vertical surface heat-insulating material under multi-parameter coupling and a fire prevention and separation technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device.
The reference numbers in the figures mean: 1 is universal wheel rail, 2 is the flat-open window, and 3 are the vertical hinged door, and 4 are collection petticoat pipe, and 5 are gas analysis system, and 6 are temperature measurement system, and 7 are image acquisition system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device comprises two parts, namely an experimental system and a measurement system, wherein the experimental system comprises a three-layer steel structure building main body, the three-layer steel structure building main body comprises a universal wheel rail 1, a casement window 2, a casement door 3 and a smoke collecting hood 4, and the measurement system comprises a gas analysis system 5, a temperature measurement system 6 and an image acquisition system 7. The gas analysis system 5, the temperature measurement system 6 and the image acquisition system 7 are connected to a smoke collecting hood air duct; wherein:
four universal wheels 1 are respectively arranged at the lower parts of the steel structure building main body and the temperature acquisition system, so that the large-scale device can be moved conveniently, the experiment main body is positioned under the fume collecting hood 4, and the wheels can be locked and fixed;
the outside steel construction that adopts of three-layer steel construction building, embedded ceramic fiber board is as heat insulating material to cut apart upper and lower cavity, including three 1: 2, each room is provided with a vertical hinged door 3 and a vertical hinged window 2, so that the research can be respectively carried out on glass breakage in the situations of limited space fire, overflowing fire and fire, and meanwhile, heat-insulating materials can be arranged on the outer vertical surface to research the fire spreading behavior rule of the outer vertical surface;
the main body of the fume collecting hood 4 is provided with a high-power fume extractor and a power regulator, and the gas analysis system 5 connected with an air duct pipeline is used for analyzing parameters such as combustion gas products, fume concentration, gas temperature, velocity and the like to obtain the real-time generation rate of toxic and harmful gases after combustion, and meanwhile, the gas analysis system can measure the combustion heat, and the installation details of the gas analysis system are executed according to the building material heat release rate test method GB/T16172-2007;
the temperature measuring system 6 comprises a thermocouple frame capable of freely moving and thermocouples arranged on the thermocouple frame, the bent frames account for 100 bent frames, the distance is 5cm, a graduated scale is arranged in the side direction of the bent frames to record the height of the bent frames, the bent frames in the horizontal direction are 3m wide, a cross rod capable of horizontally moving the thermocouples is arranged, each bent frame is provided with a horizontal graduated scale to record the horizontal position, and the device can realize the free arrangement and accurate adjustment of the thermocouples;
the image acquisition system 7 comprises a DV and a high-speed camera, wherein the DV can record experimental videos in experiments, particularly the flame position and the flame shape, and the high-speed camera is used for capturing the flame sudden change moment and the glass breaking moment.
The embodiment of the invention provides a set of multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device, taking an internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading rule exploration experiment of a building as an example, the working process mainly comprises the following steps:
1. preparation before experiment
Before the experiment begins, the corresponding arrangement is carried out according to the experimental working condition. In order to explore the rule of internal and external interaction three-dimensional or spreading behaviors, an oil basin is placed inside a first-floor building, and PS insulation boards are arranged on the outer vertical surface of the building device except glass.
The method comprises the following steps of adjusting the power of a fan and calibrating a gas analyzer, calibrating a thermocouple for experiments, arranging the thermocouple on a thermocouple frame, fixing the thermocouple frame at a required position, and arranging the thermocouples in a three-layer building room.
The image acquisition system function is checked.
2. Development of experiments
And starting the fan, the gas analysis system, the temperature acquisition system and the image acquisition system, igniting the oil basin, and closing the one-layer vertical hinged door.
Attention is paid to the emergencies in the experiment development process, such as glass breakage, fire extinguishment and the like, and measures are taken at any time for coping with the emergencies.
3. After the experiment
And after the combustion is stopped, closing the temperature acquisition system and the image acquisition system, closing the gas analyzer when the concentration of each gas is recovered to a normal value, and acquiring the data acquired by each system for analysis and processing.
And when the experimental device is recovered to about room temperature, treating glass residues and building facade combustion residues, and cleaning the experimental device.
The scheme of the embodiment of the invention adopts a large-scale experimental model to analyze the internal and external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading behavior rule of the multi-story high-rise building and explore the influence rule of each parameter, and has the following characteristics:
1. the limitation of comparatively common small-scale combustion experiment in fire scientific research is effectively avoided, the large-scale combustion experiment can be carried out through the experimental device, the development law of building fire can be better simulated, a large amount of effective comprehensive experimental data in the combustion process are acquired, and the valuable working time and energy of scientific research personnel are greatly saved.
2. The method is simple to implement, has low requirement on the professional level of a user, basically belongs to basic operation, can be used for obtaining an accurate and understandable processing result even if a complex fire simulation method is not known, can greatly reduce the learning cost of a user, and has strong practicability and wide application.
3. The experimental device has multiple functions, can realize various simulation experiments, and the result obtained by the method is clear and understandable, so that an operator can conveniently reprocess the data.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device is characterized by comprising an experimental system and a measurement system, wherein the experimental system comprises a three-layer steel structure building main body, the three-layer steel structure building main body comprises a universal wheel rail (1), a casement window (2), a casement door (3) and a smoke collection cover (4), and the measurement system comprises a gas analysis system (5), a temperature measurement system (6) and an image acquisition system (7); the gas analysis system (5), the temperature measurement system (6) and the image acquisition system (7) are connected to a smoke collecting hood air duct; wherein:
four universal wheel rails (1) are arranged at the lower parts of the three-layer steel structure building main body and the temperature measuring system respectively;
the three-layer steel structure building main body comprises three size-reduced rooms, wherein each room is provided with a vertical hinged door (3) and a vertical hinged window (2);
the main body of the fume collecting hood (4) is provided with a high-power fume extractor and a power regulator, and the main body analyzes the combustion gas products and the concentration of the fume through a gas analysis system (5) connected with an air duct pipeline;
the temperature measuring system (6) comprises a thermocouple rack capable of freely moving and thermocouples arranged on the thermocouple rack, the number of the racks is 100, the distance between the racks is 5cm, and the thermocouple tree measurement at the distance of 5cm in the vertical direction can be realized;
the image acquisition system (7) comprises a DV and a high-speed camera;
the length, width and height of an inner cavity of the steel-structured building main body are 1.7m multiplied by 1.2m, the wall thickness is 15cm, a material framework is a stainless steel section, and is wrapped and laid with 5cm thick aluminum silicate fiber felt, the size of a side hung door is 1.2m '1.0 m, the size of a side hung window is 1.0 m' 0.8m, and the size of the building main body is 2.0m '1.5 m' 4.7 m;
the covering size of the smoke collecting hood (4) is 6 m' 6 m;
the size of each rack of the temperature measurement system (6) is 3.0m '0.2 m' 5.0m, the number of the racks is 100, and the longitudinal distance between the racks is 5 cm;
the gas analysis system is arranged on the smoke collecting hood pipeline according to the ISO9705 international standard and comprises a pitot tube, a thermocouple and a gas sampling device, wherein the gas sampling device comprises a sampling pump, a smoke filter, a dehumidification cold trap, an evacuated bypass system, a moisture filter and a CO 2 The filter is used for introducing all the measuring pipelines into a data acquisition system and a gas analyzer of the ground control room respectively;
four universal wheel rails (1) are respectively arranged at the lower parts of the three-layer steel structure building main body and the temperature measuring system, so that the three-layer steel structure building main body and the temperature measuring system which are used as experimental main bodies can be conveniently moved, the three-layer steel structure building main body and the temperature measuring system are positioned under the smoke collecting hood (4), and wheels can be locked and fixed;
the outside steel construction that adopts of three-layer steel construction building, embedded ceramic fiber board is as heat insulating material to cut apart upper and lower cavity, including three 1: 2, each room is provided with a vertical hinged door (3) and a vertical hinged window (2), so that glass breakage can be researched in the situations of limited space fire, overflow fire and fire respectively, and meanwhile, heat insulation materials can be arranged on the outer vertical surface to research the fire spreading behavior rule of the outer vertical surface;
the main body of the smoke collecting hood (4) is provided with a high-power smoke exhaust device and a power regulator, and analyzes combustion gas products, smoke concentration, gas temperature and speed parameters through a gas analysis system (5) connected with an air duct pipeline to obtain the real-time generation rate of toxic and harmful gases after combustion, and simultaneously can measure the combustion heat, and the installation details of the gas analysis system are executed according to the building material heat release rate test method GB/T16172-2007;
the temperature measuring system (6) comprises a thermocouple frame capable of freely moving and thermocouples arranged on the thermocouple frame, the bent frames account for 100 bent frames, the distance is 5cm, graduated scales are arranged in the lateral direction of the bent frames to record the height of the bent frames, the bent frames in the horizontal direction are 3m wide, the thermocouples capable of horizontally moving are arranged on cross rods, each bent frame is provided with a horizontal graduated scale to record the horizontal position, and the device can realize the free arrangement and accurate adjustment of the thermocouples;
the image acquisition system (7) comprises a DV and a high-speed camera, wherein the DV can meet the requirement of recording experimental videos in experiments and can record flame positions and forms, and the high-speed camera is used for capturing flame sudden change moments and glass breaking moment forms;
for the exploration experiment of the internal and external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading rule of the building, the working process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before experiment
Before the experiment begins, corresponding arrangement is carried out according to the experimental working condition, in order to explore the internal-external interaction three-dimensional or spreading behavior rule in the experiment, an oil basin is placed in a first-floor building, and PS insulation boards are arranged on the vertical surfaces of the building except glass;
adjusting the power of a fan and calibrating a gas analyzer, calibrating a thermocouple for experiments, arranging the thermocouple on a thermocouple frame, fixing the thermocouple frame at a required position, and arranging the thermocouples in a three-layer building room;
checking the image acquisition system function;
(2) and developing the experiment
Starting a fan, a gas analysis system, a temperature acquisition system and an image acquisition system, igniting an oil basin, and closing a layer of vertical hinged door;
paying attention to the emergency situations of glass breakage and fire extinguishment in the experiment development process, and taking measures to cope with the emergency situations at any time;
(3) after the experiment
After the combustion is stopped, the temperature acquisition system and the image acquisition system are closed, the gas analyzer is closed when the concentration of each gas returns to a normal value, and the data acquired by each system are acquired for analysis;
when the experimental device is recovered to the room temperature, processing the glass residues and the building facade combustion residues, and cleaning the experimental device;
the multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device; the multifunctional measuring holes are preset in the cavity, a thermocouple, a radiation and heat flow measuring device can be installed, the positions of measuring points can be arranged at will, and the heat transfer mechanism and the law of flame can be conveniently researched; through data analysis of a gas analysis system, the type, real-time concentration, flue gas temperature and components of a main gas product after combustion can be obtained, and the heat release rate in an experiment is calculated; the structure of the thermocouple can be conveniently realized through the temperature acquisition system, and the real-time temperature in the experimental environment is acquired; the image acquisition system can acquire the flame implementation form and the spreading rule in the experimental process.
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| CN113253031A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-13 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Mountain fire trip test platform for power transmission line |
| CN113398508B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-09-27 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | High-repeatability fire extinguishing test system and method for mountain fire helicopter |
| CN113704960B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2024-02-20 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method for determining fire spreading speed of parallel double cables |
| CN113820443B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-23 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Flame spread characteristic measuring device and measuring method |
| CN114137145A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-04 | 国消(天津)检测技术有限公司 | Fire test device and method for external curtain wall system |
| CN114910603A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-16 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Fire comprehensive simulation experiment platform and method |
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| CN103761919B (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2017-01-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Chamber fire simulation experiment device under action of external wind |
| CN103761918B (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Skyscraper stairwell or vertical shaft fire test analog under a kind of external wind effect |
| CN106228890B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Three-dimensional fire behavior simulation experiment device of high-rise building under effect of environmental wind |
| CN106875822B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-04-05 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of facade fire disaster simulation device |
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