CN112697773A - Quantitative detection method of trace organic matter based on surface enhanced Raman effect - Google Patents
Quantitative detection method of trace organic matter based on surface enhanced Raman effect Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N2021/653—Coherent methods [CARS]
- G01N2021/655—Stimulated Raman
Abstract
The invention discloses a quantitative detection method for trace organic matters based on a surface enhanced Raman effect. The quantitative detection method comprises the following steps: (1) loading a stable noble metal nanoparticle single-layer film on a clean supporting substrate to obtain a single-layer film substrate; (2) soaking the single-layer film substrate obtained in the step (1) in a to-be-detected aqueous solution, standing for 30-60 minutes at normal temperature, collecting a substrate surface enhanced Raman scattering spectrum in the solution, and comparing the obtained signal with a standard curve to obtain the concentration content of the trace organic matters in the to-be-detected solution. According to the quantitative detection method disclosed by the invention, the noble metal nanoparticle single-layer film is used as a surface enhanced Raman substrate and is applied to quantitative detection of the trace organic matters in the aqueous solution, the detection limit concentration of the trace organic matters in the aqueous solution can reach 10‑11 mol/L, and quantitative detection of the concentration of the trace organic matters can be realized within the concentration range of 10‑10‑10‑6 mol/L.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting trace organic matters in an aqueous solution, in particular to a method for detecting the trace organic matters based on a surface enhanced Raman effect of a noble metal (gold and silver) nanoparticle single-layer film with a macroscopic size, belonging to the technical field of trace organic matter detection.
Background
The surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) has the spectral characteristics of rapidness, sensitivity, no damage and molecular fingerprint identification, and has a plurality of applications in the fields of temperature sensing, biological and medical detection, chemical quantitative analysis, food safety inspection and the like.
However, the quantitative detection and application based on SERS still remain a great challenge at present, and the main reason is that the quality of the SERS substrate is poor, and the uniformity and reproducibility of SERS signals cannot be guaranteed. CN108526487B discloses a method for preparing a macro-size close-packed gold nanoparticle single-layer film, which prepares a macro-size nanoparticle single-layer film by an interface assembly method. Because the gold and silver nanoparticles have periodic ordered structures at the positions of the prepared macro-sized monolayer film with lower void ratio, the gold and silver nanoparticles serve as 'hot spots' of the SERS substrate, and the distribution of the gold and silver nanoparticles has uniformity and periodic ordered structures. Based on the macroscopic size gold and silver nanoparticle monolayer film with uniform Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effect, the method can realize some related applications in the field of analysis and detection.
At present, the common main methods for detecting trace organic matters comprise colorimetric chromatography, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the like, but the application of the method is limited due to the defects of expensive testing instruments, complex actual operation, limitation of detection limit to the level above nanomole and the like. The application of the nano-particle monolayer film to the quantitative detection of trace organic matters in the solution is also limited by the problems of repeatability of sample detection signals, uniform adsorption of the organic matters, insufficient in-situ detection limit of the solution and the like. Therefore, the solution of the problems can be used for greatly widening the application of the nano-particle single-layer film in the field of trace organic matter detection without any doubt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-efficiency, simple and convenient quantitative detection method for trace organic matters based on a surface enhanced Raman effect, aiming at the defects of the prior art for trace organic matters in aqueous solution and the problem that a single-layer film of noble metal (gold and silver) nano particles is not sufficient in the detection application of the trace organic matters.
The invention discloses a quantitative detection method of trace organic matters based on a surface enhanced Raman effect, which comprises the following steps:
(1) loading the stable single-layer film of the noble metal nano particles on a clean support substrate (a silicon wafer and a glass sheet) to obtain a single-layer film substrate;
(2) and (2) soaking the single-layer film substrate obtained in the step (1) in an aqueous solution to be detected (taking a malachite green aqueous solution as an example), standing at normal temperature for 30-60 minutes, collecting the enhanced Raman scattering spectrum of the substrate surface in the solution, and comparing the obtained signal with a standard curve to obtain the concentration content of trace organic matters in the solution to be detected.
The preparation process of the noble metal nanoparticle single-layer film in the step (1) is as follows:
preparing amine into amine-containing organic solution with the molar concentration of 0.001 mol/L by using an organic solvent, shaking and mixing the noble metal nano particle sol and the amine-containing organic solution according to the volume ratio of 5:1, naturally standing, and separating and collecting the upper layer gold-containing nano particle organic solution;
uniformly mixing ultrapure water and diethylene glycol in a volume ratio of 1: 9-4 to obtain a diethylene glycol solution;
and thirdly, adding the organic solution containing the noble metal nano-particles to the diethylene glycol solution, naturally standing until the organic solution is completely volatilized, and obtaining the stable noble metal nano-particle single-layer film above the diethylene glycol solution.
The organic solvent used in the step (i) is a low-polarity organic solvent (toluene, n-hexane and the like), and the amine is an alkylamine (such as oleylamine, octadecylamine and the like).
The preparation process of the noble metal nanoparticle sol in the step (i) is as follows:
a, respectively preparing chloroauric acid or silver nitrate and sodium citrate into a chloroauric acid or silver nitrate solution with the molar concentration of 0.025 mol/L and a sodium citrate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1% by using ultrapure water;
b, sequentially adding chloroauric acid or silver nitrate solution and sodium citrate solution into boiling water, wherein the volume ratio of the chloroauric acid or silver nitrate solution to the sodium citrate solution to the ultrapure water is 3:1: 96;
and c, keeping boiling, heating and refluxing for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the water-soluble monodisperse spherical gold nanoparticle sol or silver nanoparticle sol (the average particle size is 16 nanometers).
The noble metal nanoparticle sol is gold nanoparticle sol or silver nanoparticle sol, and chloroauric acid is used as a precursor when the gold nanoparticle sol is prepared; silver nitrate was used as a precursor in the preparation of the silver nanoparticle sol.
The preparation of the macroscopic size precious metal nanoparticle single-layer film in the step (1) can also be carried out according to the preparation method of macroscopic size close-packed gold nanoparticle single-layer film disclosed in CN 108526487B. The water-soluble monodisperse spherical Gold nanoparticle sol in step I can also be prepared according to the method described in paper High-Yield Production of form Gold Nanoparticles with Sizes from 31to 577nm via One-point selected Growth and Size-Dependent SERS Property (part.part.Syst. Character. 2016,33,924-932), published in part.part.Syst. Charact.J., 2016. When the silver nanoparticle sol is prepared by the method, silver nitrate is used as a precursor instead of chloroauric acid.
In the step (1), after the support substrate (silicon wafer and glass sheet) is respectively soaked in newly-configured aqua regia (hydrochloric acid (with the volume ratio of 3: 1) (with the concentration of 37%) and nitric acid (with the concentration of 65%) solution) and saturated sodium hydroxide solution (with the concentration of 4.5 mol/liter) for 1 hour, the ultrapure water is cleaned, the treated substrate is vertical from top to bottom, the surface of the substrate is parallel to and close to the gold nanoparticle single-layer film, the film is attached to the support substrate after contacting with the substrate, the substrate is lifted upwards, and the film is completely fished out.
And (2) completely immersing the single-layer film substrate at the bottom of the aqueous solution containing trace organic matters with different concentrations, and focusing the laser beam of the Raman spectrometer on the surface of the single-layer film substrate in the aqueous solution. The power of the Raman spectrometer is 0-8.5 milliwatt, the laser wavelength is 633 nanometers, and the objective lens is a 50-time long-focus lens.
1617cm in the surface enhanced Raman scattering spectrum of the functionalized substrate in the solution in the step (2)-1The Log function value of the characteristic peak intensity and the Log function value of the concentration of the trace organic matter (malachite green) in the water solution have a linear function relationship, and a fitting coefficient R2At 0.996, the fit function relationship is: y 0.3531x + 5.7419.
The inventionThe noble nano-particle single-layer film is used as a surface enhanced Raman substrate to be applied to quantitative detection of trace organic matters in aqueous solution, and the detection limit concentration of the trace organic matters in the aqueous solution can reach 10-11Mole/liter, and may be in the range of 10-10-10-6And the quantitative detection of the concentration of the trace organic matters is realized within the concentration range of mol per liter.
The method solves the problems that the quantitative detection of the trace organic matters in the solution by the nano-particle monolayer film is limited by the repeatability of sample detection signals, the uniform adsorption of the organic matters, the insufficient in-situ detection limit of the solution and the like, and the solution of the problems can undoubtedly greatly widen the application of the nano-particle monolayer film in the field of trace organic matter detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a low power transmission electron microscope photograph of the monolayer film of gold nanoparticles prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of in-situ detection of organic molecules in an aqueous solution using the gold nanoparticle monolayer film prepared in example 1 as a surface enhanced raman substrate. The Raman detection spectrometer uses a laser wavelength of 633 nanometers and selects a 50-time long-focus lens.
FIG. 3 shows the surface Raman-enhanced substrates prepared using example 1 in example 1 at various standard concentrations (10)-10-10-6Moles per liter) of malachite green solution.
FIG. 4 shows the concentration of malachite green in example 1 and 1617cm in the enhanced Raman spectrum-1And (4) a linear fitting relation graph of double Log function values among the intensities of the characteristic peaks. 1617cm in the spectrum-1The Log function value of the characteristic peak intensity and the Log function value of the concentration of the malachite green in the solution have a linear function relationship, and a fitting coefficient R2At 0.996, the fit function relationship is: y 0.3531x + 5.7419.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Firstly, putting the glassware (a 100 ml three-neck flask, a 25 ml beaker and a culture dish) into aqua regia for soaking for 2 hours, then cleaning the glassware with a saturated solution of sodium nitrate and ultrapure water, and drying the glassware for later use.
(1) Preparing the required solution
Preparing the required raw materials of chloroauric acid and sodium citrate into solutions respectively by using ultrapure water, wherein the molar concentration of the chloroauric acid solution is 0.025 mol/L, and the mass percentage concentration of the sodium citrate solution is 1%.
② preparing oleylamine into amine-containing organic solution with the molar concentration of 0.001 mol/L by using toluene organic solvent.
(2) The three-necked flask was fixed on a heating table and 48 ml of ultrapure water was added thereto, and rapidly heated to boiling. 0.5 ml of chloroauric acid solution and 1.5 ml of sodium citrate solution were added to boiling water in order and rapidly. Keeping boiling, heating and refluxing for 30 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the water-soluble monodisperse spherical gold nanoparticle sol with the particle size of 16 nanometers.
(3) 5 ml of gold nanoparticle sol and 1 ml of amine-containing organic solution were mixed at a ratio of 5:1, placing the mixture in a 10 ml centrifugal tube, shaking and shaking the mixture vigorously to mix the mixture fully, standing the mixture for 3 to 10 minutes, and separating and collecting the organic solution containing gold nanoparticles on the upper layer in the centrifugal tube.
(4) Placing 2 ml of ultrapure water and 18 ml of diethylene glycol in a 25 ml glass beaker according to the volume ratio of 1:9, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding the collected gold-containing nanoparticle organic solution above the diethylene glycol solution, allowing the organic solution to slowly volatilize, and completely volatilizing the organic solution after 12-15 hours, thus obtaining the gold nanoparticle single-layer film on the surface of the diethylene glycol solution.
In this example, a monolayer film of gold nanoparticles having a particle size of 16 nm was obtained, and a low-power transmission electron micrograph thereof is shown in fig. 1. When the gold nanoparticle single-layer film needs to be prepared, silver nitrate is used for replacing chloroauric acid.
(5) Loading the gold nanoparticle single-layer film on a clean support substrate (a silicon chip and a glass sheet) to obtain a single-layer film substrate. The method comprises the following steps of soaking a support substrate for 1 hour by using newly-configured aqua regia and saturated sodium hydroxide solution respectively, cleaning with ultrapure water, enabling the treated substrate to be vertical from top to bottom, enabling the surface of the substrate to be parallel to and close to a gold nanoparticle single-layer film, enabling the film to be attached to the support substrate after being in contact with the substrate, lifting the substrate upwards, and completely fishing out the film.
(6) And (3) respectively placing 2 ml of malachite green solutions with different standard concentrations in a culture dish, completely soaking the substrate loaded with the gold nano-film obtained in the step (5) in the malachite green solution, focusing a laser beam of a Raman spectrometer on the substrate in the solution after 60 minutes, wherein the wavelength of the laser of the spectrometer is 633 nanometers, and collecting under a 50-time long-focus lens to obtain the surface enhanced Raman spectra of the solutions with different standard concentrations.
According to 1617cm in the spectrum under different standard concentrations-1And (4) processing the Raman characteristic peak signal, calculating a Log function value of the molarity of the malachite green solution and the intensity of the spectral characteristic peak, and fitting and drawing a standard linear relation graph. The unknown solution is tested for 1617cm in spectrum-1And comparing the Log function value of the Raman characteristic peak signal intensity with a standard curve to determine the concentration content of the crystal violet in the unknown solution.
In this example, the obtained gold nanoparticle monolayer film was used as a surface-enhanced raman substrate to quantitatively detect the concentration content of malachite green in the solution, the surface-enhanced raman spectra in the malachite green solutions with different standard concentrations are shown in fig. 3, and the concentration of the malachite green solution and the spectrum are 1617cm-1The linear fit relationship between the dual Log function values of the intensities of the characteristic peaks is shown in fig. 4.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
(1) preparing the required solution
② preparing the octadecylamine into an organic solution with the molar concentration of 0.001 mol/L by using toluene.
(4) 2 ml of ultrapure water and 16 ml of diethylene glycol were placed in a 25 ml glass beaker in a volume ratio of 1:8, and completely and uniformly mixed to obtain a diethylene glycol solution.
(6) And (4) completely soaking the substrate loaded with the gold nano-film obtained in the step (5) in a malachite green solution for 30 minutes.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
(1) preparing the required solution
Preparing silver nitrate and sodium citrate as required raw materials into solutions respectively by using ultrapure water, wherein the molar concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 0.025 mol/L, and the mass percent concentration of the sodium citrate solution is 1%.
② preparing the oleylamine into an organic solution with the molar concentration of 0.001 mol/L by using normal hexane.
(2) 0.5 ml of silver nitrate solution and 1.5 ml of sodium citrate solution were rapidly added to boiling water in this order. Obtaining the water-soluble monodisperse spherical silver nanoparticle sol with the particle size of 16 nanometers.
(3) And separating and collecting the upper layer of the organic solution containing the silver nanoparticles in the centrifuge tube.
(4) 2 ml of ultrapure water and 14 ml of diethylene glycol were placed in a 25 ml glass beaker in a volume ratio of 1:7, and were completely and uniformly mixed to obtain a diethylene glycol solution. Slowly dripping the collected silver-containing nano-particle organic solution above the diethylene glycol solution to obtain a silver nano-particle single-layer film on the surface of the diethylene glycol solution.
(6) And (4) completely soaking the substrate loaded with the gold nano-film obtained in the step (5) in a malachite green solution for 45 minutes.
Example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
(1) preparing the required solution
② preparing the octadecylamine into an organic solution with the molar concentration of 0.001 mol/L by using normal hexane.
(4) 2 ml of ultrapure water and 10 ml of diethylene glycol were placed in a 25 ml glass beaker in a volume ratio of 1:5, and were completely and uniformly mixed to obtain a diethylene glycol solution.
(6) And (4) completely soaking the substrate loaded with the gold nano-film obtained in the step (5) in a malachite green solution for 50 minutes.
Claims (8)
1. A quantitative detection method of trace organic matters based on a surface enhanced Raman effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) loading the stable noble metal nanoparticle single-layer film on a clean support substrate to obtain a single-layer film substrate;
(2) and (2) soaking the single-layer film substrate obtained in the step (1) in an aqueous solution to be detected, standing at normal temperature for 30-60 minutes, collecting the surface enhanced Raman scattering spectrum of the substrate in the solution, and comparing the obtained signal with a standard curve to obtain the concentration content of trace organic matters in the solution to be detected.
2. The quantitative detection method for the trace amount of organic matter based on the surface enhanced raman effect according to claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the noble metal nanoparticle single-layer film in the step (1) is as follows:
preparing amine into amine-containing organic solution with the molar concentration of 0.001 mol/L by using an organic solvent, shaking and mixing the noble metal nano particle sol and the amine-containing organic solution according to the volume ratio of 5:1, naturally standing, and separating and collecting the upper layer gold-containing nano particle organic solution;
uniformly mixing ultrapure water and diethylene glycol in a volume ratio of 1: 9-4 to obtain a diethylene glycol solution;
and thirdly, adding the organic solution containing the noble metal nano-particles to the diethylene glycol solution, naturally standing until the organic solution is completely volatilized, and obtaining the stable noble metal nano-particle single-layer film above the diethylene glycol solution.
3. The quantitative detection method for the trace amount of the organic matters based on the surface enhanced Raman effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic solvent used in the step (i) is a low polarity organic solvent, and the amine is an alkylamine.
4. The quantitative detection method for the trace amount of the organic matter based on the surface enhanced raman effect according to claim 2, wherein the preparation process of the noble metal nanoparticle sol in the step (i) is as follows:
a, respectively preparing chloroauric acid or silver nitrate and sodium citrate into a chloroauric acid or silver nitrate solution with the molar concentration of 0.025 mol/L and a sodium citrate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1% by using ultrapure water;
b, sequentially adding chloroauric acid or silver nitrate solution and sodium citrate solution into boiling water, wherein the volume ratio of the chloroauric acid or silver nitrate solution to the sodium citrate solution to the ultrapure water is 3:1: 96;
and c, keeping boiling, heating and refluxing for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the water-soluble monodisperse spherical gold nanoparticle sol or silver nanoparticle sol.
5. The quantitative detection method for the trace organic matters based on the surface enhanced Raman effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the support substrate is sequentially soaked in newly configured aqua regia and saturated sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then is cleaned with ultrapure water, the treated substrate is vertical from top to bottom, the surface of the substrate is parallel to and close to the gold nanoparticle single-layer film, the film is attached to the support substrate after contacting with the substrate, the substrate is lifted upwards, and the film is completely fished out.
6. The quantitative detection method for trace organics based on surface enhanced raman effect of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the single-layer film substrate is completely immersed at the bottom of the aqueous solution containing trace organics with different concentrations, and the laser beam of the raman spectrometer is focused on the surface of the single-layer film substrate in the aqueous solution.
7. The quantitative detection method for trace organic matters based on the surface enhanced Raman effect as claimed in claim 6, wherein the Raman spectrometer is used with a power of 0-8.5 mW, a laser wavelength of 633 nm, and an objective lens of 50 times of a long focal length lens.
8. The method for quantitatively detecting the trace amount of the organic matter based on the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the functionalized substrate in the solution of the step (2) has a Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectrum of 1617cm-1The Log function value of the characteristic peak intensity and the Log function value of the concentration of the trace organic matters in the aqueous solution have a linear function relationship, and the fitting coefficient R2Is 0.996, fit function ofThe system formula is: y 0.3531x + 5.7419.
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| CN103499561A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-08 | 厦门大学 | Surface-enhanced Raman spectrum substrate material and method for manufacturing same |
| CN106687146A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-05-17 | 纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心 | Metal(loid) chalcogen nanoparticles as universal binders for medical isotopes |
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Application publication date: 20210423 |