CN112695413B - MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112695413B
CN112695413B CN202011505697.XA CN202011505697A CN112695413B CN 112695413 B CN112695413 B CN 112695413B CN 202011505697 A CN202011505697 A CN 202011505697A CN 112695413 B CN112695413 B CN 112695413B
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mxene
composite material
stirring
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porous carbon
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CN112695413A (en
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段维振
张海燕
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
    • D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0092—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the electrical field, e.g. combined with a magnetic fields, using biased or alternating fields
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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    • H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of carbon fiber composite materials. The application provides an MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The MXene material can be well embedded into the carbon fiber by utilizing electrostatic spinning, the conductivity of the composite material is greatly increased, the difference of the decomposition temperatures of the carbon nano material and the high polymer material is utilized, the carbon nano material can be decomposed preferentially in the carbonization process, a hole structure is formed in the carbon fiber, the MXene material is anchored in the carbon fiber with the hole structure, the accumulation of MXene sheet layers can be effectively inhibited, the specific surface area of the composite material is increased, the transmission speed of ions and electrons is accelerated, the structural collapse of the MXene after multiple reactions is inhibited, and meanwhile, the MXene composite material has certain flexibility and can improve the electrochemical performance of the composite material. The preparation method has high yield and controllable appearance, and is suitable for mass production. The MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material can be applied to a supercapacitor material or a wave-absorbing material.

Description

MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of carbon fiber composite materials, and particularly relates to an MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Human civilization is closely related to our ability to produce, store and utilize fuels for energy production. With the increasing energy consumption, global warming and the continuous depletion of fossil fuels, more efficient energy conversion and storage devices are required, and further, the development of advanced electrode materials and catalysts is required.
With the advent of graphene and graphene oxide, many two-dimensional materials based on transition metals, metal coordination polymers and other systems have received much attention in recent years. Layered materials composed of two or more elements offer tremendous opportunities for a variety of applications due to the diversity of their compositions and structural flexibility. Among these, MXene belongs to the family of 2D early transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides. MXene has the formula M n+1 X n T x M is an early transition metal, X is carbon or nitrogen, and Tx is a surface functional group, such as-OH, -F, and-O, among others. MXene has high conductivity and pseudo-capacitance materialThe material has the characteristic of high capacity, but the structure is unstable when the material is used, the structure is easy to collapse, and the capacitance retention rate is low when the material is applied.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the application provides an MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material, and a preparation method and an application thereof, so that the conductivity, the cycle performance and the specific capacity of the composite material are improved.
The specific technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the application provides a preparation method of an MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material, which comprises the steps of adding a high polymer material into an organic solvent, heating and stirring, adding a carbon nanomaterial and an MXene material, stirring and reacting to obtain a spinning solution, and carrying out electrostatic spinning and carbonization on the spinning solution to obtain the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material.
Preferably, the carbon nano material is a polystyrene nanosphere, the high polymer material is polyacrylonitrile, and the MXene material is Ti 3 C 2 。
In this application, utilize electrostatic spinning can imbed MXene material in the carbon fiber well, greatly increased combined material's electric conductivity, recycle the difference of carbon nano-material and high polymer material decomposition temperature, carbon nano-material can preferentially decompose in the carbonization process, form the hole structure at the carbon fiber, and with MXene material anchoring in the carbon fiber that has the hole structure, can effectively restrain the pile up between MXene piece layer, increase combined material's specific surface area, the transmission rate of ion and electron is accelerated, restrain MXene structure collapse after the multiple cycle, certain flexibility still has simultaneously, combined material's electrochemical performance can be improved. Wherein the diameter of the carbon fiber is 0.3-5 μm. The preparation method has the advantages of high yield and controllable appearance, and is suitable for mass production.
Preferably, the organic solvent is DMF.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the high polymer material in the organic solvent is (8-12)%;
the mass ratio of the high polymer material to the carbon nano material is 1: (1-2);
the mass fraction of the MXene material in the spinning solution is (2-10)%.
Preferably, the operating parameters of the electrostatic spinning are as follows:
the positive voltage is applied to 11kV to 20kV, the negative voltage is applied to-3 kV to-2 kV, the injection speed is 0.065mm/min to 0.15mm/min, the type of the needle head is 18G, the distance between the metal needle and the collection aluminum foil is 10CM, and the collection temperature is 50 ℃.
Preferably, the electrostatic spinning is further followed by, before the carbonization: vacuum drying at 60-80 deg.c for 8-12 hr.
Preferably, the carbonization is carried out at the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min to 5 ℃/min, more preferably 2 ℃/min, in the nitrogen atmosphere, the carbonization temperature is 500 ℃ to 800 ℃, more preferably 600 ℃, and the time is 1h to 2h, more preferably 2h.
Preferably, the preparation method of the carbon nanomaterial comprises the following steps:
adding divinylbenzene, styrene and a surfactant into deionized water, stirring at constant temperature, adding an initiator and the divinylbenzene, stirring for reaction, and centrifuging to obtain the carbon nano material.
Preferably, the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the initiator is potassium persulfate.
Preferably, the concentration of the surfactant is (0.33 to 0.67) g/L.
Preferably, the preparation method of the carbon nanomaterial specifically comprises the following steps:
adding 200-400 mg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.8mL of divinylbenzene and 15mL of styrene into 600mL of deionized water, stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere at a constant temperature of 75 ℃ in a water bath at a stirring speed of 300r/min, adding 0.6g of potassium persulfate, stirring for 3h, adding 1.8mL of divinylbenzene, stirring for reacting for 24h, centrifuging to collect bottom layer sediments, and drying in vacuum at 60-80 ℃ for 12-24 h to obtain the carbon nanomaterial.
Preferably, the size of the carbon nano material is 50-150 nm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the MXene material comprises the following steps:
adding MAX phase ceramic powder into hydrofluoric acid, magnetically stirring, washing with deionized water, adding a lithium chloride solution, stirring for reaction, sequentially washing with deionized water and an organic solvent, centrifuging, ultrasonically treating, and performing suction filtration to obtain the MXene material.
In this application, stirring and supersound all go on in the inert gas atmosphere to add lithium chloride and carry out the intercalation to the MXene material of preliminary sculpture, can increase the lamella interval between MXene so that follow-up ultrasonic treatment that carries on, simultaneously, can also reduce the horizontal size of MXene lamella, do benefit to in advancing the MXene material electrostatic spinning into carbon fiber.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is (20-40)%, and the concentration of the lithium chloride in the lithium chloride solution is (0.01-0.02) g/mL;
the mass ratio of the MAX phase ceramic powder to the hydrofluoric acid is 1: (20 to 40).
Preferably, the preparation method of the MXene material specifically comprises the following steps:
adding 400-mesh MAX-phase ceramic powder into hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 20% -40%, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 24-36 h, and washing with deionized water until the pH of the solution is 6-7. Adding a lithium chloride solution, stirring and reacting for 6-10 h under the nitrogen atmosphere, washing with deionized water and DMF in sequence, centrifuging, dissolving in DMF, performing ultrasonic treatment on ice water for 6-8 h under the nitrogen atmosphere, and performing vacuum filtration to obtain the MXene material.
Preferably, the heating and stirring temperature is (60-90) DEG C, and the time is (4-8) h;
the temperature of the stirring reaction is 25 ℃, and the time is (2-6) h.
The application also provides an MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material prepared by the preparation method, and application of the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material in a supercapacitor material or a wave-absorbing material.
In summary, the application provides an MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The MXene material can be well embedded into the carbon fiber by utilizing electrostatic spinning, the conductivity of the composite material is greatly increased, the difference of the decomposition temperatures of the carbon nano material and the high polymer material is utilized, the carbon nano material can be preferentially decomposed in the carbonization process, a hole structure is formed in the carbon fiber, the MXene material is anchored in the carbon fiber with the hole structure, the accumulation between MXene sheet layers can be effectively inhibited, the specific surface area of the composite material is increased, the transmission speed of ions and electrons is accelerated, the structural collapse of the MXene after multiple reactions is inhibited, and meanwhile, the MXene composite material has certain flexibility, the cycle performance and the specific capacity of the composite material can be improved, and the electrochemical performance is further improved. The preparation method has high yield and controllable appearance, and is suitable for mass production. The MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material can be applied to a supercapacitor material or a wave-absorbing material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image (2.00 um) of MXene material prepared in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is an SEM image (1.00 um) of the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image (500 nm) of an MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite (3.00 um) prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is an XRD pattern of MXene material obtained in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 6 is a constant current charge and discharge performance diagram of the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material prepared in example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The starting materials and reagents used in the examples of the present application are commercially available.
Example 1
(1) Mixing 3g of Ti 3 AlC 2 Adding the mixture into 90mL of 40% hydrofluoric acid solution, introducing nitrogen for 1h, sealing, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 24h, and centrifugally washing with deionized water (centrifuging at 10000rmp for 3 min each time) to collect the product until the pH value of the solution is nearly neutral (6-7). The product was added to 150mL of deionized water, 2g of lithium chloride was added thereto, 1h of nitrogen was passed through the mixture, the mixture was sealed, magnetically stirred at room temperature for 8 hours, and the mixture was washed with deionized water by centrifugation (3 minutes at 10000rmp each), and then changed to N, N Dimethylformamide (DMF) and centrifuged 5 times at 10000rmp for 3 minutes each. And adding the mixture into 150mL of DMF, introducing nitrogen for 1h, sealing, performing ultrasonic treatment in ice water for 6h, and performing vacuum filtration to obtain the MXene material.
(2) Adding 200mg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.8mL of divinylbenzene and 15mL of styrene into 600mL of deionized water, heating to 75 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, carrying out water bath constant-temperature stirring, wherein the stirring speed is 300r/min, adding 0.6g of potassium persulfate when the temperature of the solution is just raised to 75 ℃, adding 1.8mL of divinylbenzene after stirring for 3 hours, centrifuging after stirring for 24 hours, collecting bottom layer sediments, and carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the polystyrene nanospheres.
(3) Adding 2g of polyacrylonitrile into 20mL of DMF solution, heating to 80 ℃, magnetically stirring for 2 hours, adding 4g of polystyrene nanospheres prepared in the step (2) and 1g of MXene material prepared in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, adding the uniformly stirred and dispersed spinning solution into a syringe, and carrying out electrostatic spinning treatment. The electrostatic spinning conditions were: positive voltage of 16.0kV, negative voltage of 2.3kV, bolus speed of 0.11mm/min, acceptance distance of 10cm, and temperature of 50 ℃. Drying the obtained polymer fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12h, and carbonizing in a tubular furnace under the following conditions: obtaining the MXene/porous carbon fiber composite material in the nitrogen atmosphere at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature of 600 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 2h.
An SEM image of the MXene material prepared in the examples of the present application is shown in fig. 1, an XRD pattern of the MXene material prepared in the examples of the present application is shown in fig. 5, and SEM images of the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material prepared in the examples of the present application under different magnifications are shown in fig. 2-4. Fig. 1 and 5 show that the MXene material prepared by the embodiment of the application has large interlayer distance and small transverse dimension of the interlayer, and good conditions are provided for embedding the MXene material into carbon fibers in the electrostatic spinning process. Fig. 2 to 4 show that in the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material prepared in the embodiment of the present application, a pore structure is formed in a carbon fiber, and the MXene material is anchored in the carbon fiber with the pore structure, so that the specific surface area of the composite material is increased, and the porous composite material has a certain flexibility.
Comparative example 1
Referring to the preparation method of example 1, except for the step (1), the mixture was added to 150mL of deionized water, sealed in air, and sonicated at room temperature for 6h, and the remaining conditions were identical to those of example 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1 that nitrogen is introduced into DMF for sealing and ultrasound is carried out in ice water, the product obtained in the embodiment of the application has high oxidation rate, is easy to oxidize, has reduced lamella spacing, and is not beneficial to embedding MXene materials into carbon fibers.
Comparative example 2
Referring to the preparation method of example 1, the only difference is that in step (3), the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile to polystyrene nanospheres added is 1:1, the remaining conditions were the same as in example 1.
Compared with the mass ratio of the polyacrylonitrile to the polystyrene nanospheres added in the embodiment 1 is 1:2, the pore channel structure generated on the carbon fiber by the product obtained in the embodiment of the application is not uniform enough, and the MXene material can not be well anchored.
Comparative example 3
Referring to the preparation method of example 1, except for the step (3), polyacrylonitrile and polystyrene nanospheres of the same mass were added to 30mL of DMF solution, and the remaining conditions were identical to example 1.
Compared with the mass fraction of the polyacrylonitrile in the DMF of 10 percent in the example 1, the fiber diameter of the product obtained in the example of the application is reduced, and the effect of inhibiting the stacking of MXene sheet layers is reduced.
Comparative example 4
Referring to the preparation method of example 1, except that in the step (3), the carbonization temperature was changed from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃, the remaining conditions were identical to those of example 1.
Compared with the carbonization at 600 ℃ in the embodiment 1, the product obtained in the embodiment of the application has obvious cross-linking among fibers and serious shrinkage, and is not beneficial to the improvement of the specific surface area of the composite material.
Comparative example 5
Referring to the preparation method of example 1, except that in step (3), the temperature increase rate in the carbonization condition was changed from 2 ℃/min to 5 ℃/min, and the remaining conditions were identical to example 1.
Compared with the heating rate of 2 ℃/min in the embodiment 1, the product obtained in the embodiment of the application has obviously increased hardness and brittleness, the appearance is melted into a mass, and a uniform hole structure cannot be formed in the carbon fiber.
To sum up, the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material obtained by the preparation method can well embed the MXene material into the carbon fibers, a pore structure is formed on the carbon fibers, and the MXene material is anchored in the carbon fibers with the pore structure, so that the accumulation of MXene sheet layers can be effectively inhibited, the specific surface area of the composite material is increased, the structural collapse of MXene after multiple reactions is inhibited, and meanwhile, the composite material has certain flexibility.
Example 2
The MXene material and the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material prepared in example 1 were subjected to constant current charge and discharge performance tests under the same test conditions. The specific capacity of the MXene material prepared in example 1 is 173F/g, the constant-current charge and discharge performance graph of the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material prepared in example 1 of the application is shown in FIG. 6, and the capacity can reach 317F/g at 1A. The result shows that the MXene material is anchored in the carbon fiber with the pore structure, so that the accumulation of MXene sheet layers can be effectively inhibited, the specific surface area of the composite material is increased, the transmission speed of ions and electrons is accelerated, the structural collapse of MXene after multiple reactions is inhibited, and the cycle performance and specific capacity of the composite material can be improved.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (5)

  1. The application of the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material in the supercapacitor material is characterized in that the preparation method of the MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding a high polymer material into 20ml of N, N-dimethylformamide solution, heating and stirring, adding a carbon nano material and an MXene material, stirring and reacting to obtain a spinning solution, and performing electrostatic spinning and carbonization on the spinning solution to obtain the MXene/porous carbon nano fiber composite material;
    the carbon nano material is polystyrene nanosphere, the high polymer material is polyacrylonitrile, and the MXene material is Ti 3 C 2 ；
    The mass fraction of the high polymer material in the N, N-dimethylformamide solution is (8-12)%;
    the mass ratio of the high polymer material to the carbon nano material is 1:2;
    the MXene material accounts for (2-10)% of the mass of the spinning solution;
    the carbonization conditions are as follows: obtaining the MXene/porous carbon fiber composite material in nitrogen atmosphere at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature of 600 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 2 h;
    the preparation method of the MXene material comprises the following steps:
    mixing Ti 3 AlC 2 Adding the mixture into hydrofluoric acid, magnetically stirring, washing with deionized water, adding a lithium chloride solution, stirring for reaction, sequentially washing with deionized water and an organic solvent, centrifuging, adding the centrifuged mixture into 150mL of DMF, introducing nitrogen for 1h, sealing, performing ultrasonic treatment in ice water for 6h, and performing suction filtration to obtain the MXene material.
  2. 2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the carbon nanomaterial comprises:
    adding divinylbenzene, styrene and a surfactant into deionized water, stirring at constant temperature, adding an initiator and the divinylbenzene, stirring for reaction, and centrifuging to obtain the carbon nano material.
  3. 3. Use according to claim 2, wherein the surfactant is sodium lauryl sulphate and the initiator is potassium persulphate.
  4. 4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid is (20-40)%, and the concentration of lithium chloride in the lithium chloride solution is (0.01-0.02) g/mL; the Ti 3 AlC 2 The mass ratio of the hydrofluoric acid to the hydrofluoric acid is 1: (20-40).
  5. 5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the heating and stirring temperature is (60-90) ° c
    The interval is (4-8) h;
    the temperature of the stirring reaction is 25 ℃, and the time is (2-6) h.
CN202011505697.XA 2020-12-18 2020-12-18 MXene/porous carbon nanofiber composite material and preparation method and application thereof Active CN112695413B (en)

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