CN112694607B - Polyether polyol and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Polyether polyol and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112694607B
CN112694607B CN201911004127.XA CN201911004127A CN112694607B CN 112694607 B CN112694607 B CN 112694607B CN 201911004127 A CN201911004127 A CN 201911004127A CN 112694607 B CN112694607 B CN 112694607B
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CN112694607A (en
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宰少波
金晖
张志华
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses polyether polyol and a preparation method and application thereof, and mainly solves the problems of high cost or poor opening property of a polyurethane slow-rebound foam opening agent in the prior art. By using a polyether polyol having the general structural formula shown in formula (I): r- [ X- (AO) m ‑(BO) n ‑(SO) k ‑H] a Formula (I); wherein R is 1 Is aliphatic group, aromatic group, carbon oxygen group, carbonyl, carboxyl, ester group, amide group or hydrogen with 1-100 carbon atoms; AO is ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, BO is butylene oxide, SO is styrene oxide, AO, BO, SO are the homopolymerization of arbitrary order, random copolymerization, block copolymerization combined technical scheme, have solved this problem well, can be used in the industrial production of the slow rebound foam material of polyurethane.

Description

Polyether polyol and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to polyether polyol and a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to polyether polyol containing phenylethane oxide and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Slow rebound polyurethane foam, also known as viscoelastic polyurethane foam, memory foam or energy absorbing foam. General soft foam polyurethane foam can recover rapidly due to elasticity after being acted by external force, the recovery time of slow rebound polyurethane foam can reach more than 3s, and the rebound time can be adjusted according to specific requirements. The foam has excellent special properties of buffering, sound insulation and the like, and can be applied to anti-seismic and buffering materials of aerospace, aviation, automobiles and the like and engine noise suppression. In recent years, the slow rebound pillow is widely used in high-grade cars as a seat cushion and a headrest and in home as a high-grade slow rebound pillow and a mattress.
The principle of the slow rebound foam plastic is mainly a drag effect, namely, the slow rebound foam plastic can drag the rebound in the rebound process to slow the rebound. It is currently believed that this is due to the degree of phase separation of the polyurethane system and its particular glass transition temperature. Slow rebound polyethers are a mixture of polyethers having a wide variety of relative molecular mass distributions. At present, the domestic market adopts two categories: one having a hydroxyl value of 200mgKOH/g or even 260-270 mgKOH/g, and the other having a hydroxyl value of less than 170mgKOH/g, and having a higher activity and a higher relative molecular mass. The use of POP polyether or no POP polyether improves the low-temperature performance. The flexibility and fatigue resistance of the foam can be improved by matching polyether with higher relative molecular mass and high activity with isocyanate with higher index.
The slow rebound foam has relatively low molecular weight, and more short branched chain structures exist in the molecules. This results in the cell walls formed by reaction with the isocyanate being harder to burst by gas than the cell walls formed by reaction with the higher molecular weight polyether, so that the article is generally severely closed and shrinks significantly. Therefore, a cell opener must be added when producing the slow rebound polyurethane foam. At present, the domestic pore former has higher price and general pore-forming performance.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is to provide the phenylethane-containing polyether polyol which can be used as a cell opening agent for polyurethane slow-resilience foam, can increase the cell opening performance of the foam, prevent cell closing, improve the foam structure and enable products to have lower shrinkage and better comfort.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing polyether polyol containing phenylethane oxide, which corresponds to the first technical problem.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing an ethylene oxide-containing polyether polyol.
In order to solve one of the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a polyether polyol containing phenylethane oxide has a general structural formula shown in formula (I):
R 1 -[X-(AO) m -(BO) n -(SO) k -H] a formula (I);
wherein R is 1 Is one or more than two of aliphatic group, aromatic group, carbon oxygen group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, ester group, amide group, polyether group, polyester group, polyamide group or hydrogen with the carbon number of 1-100; AO is oxyethylene or oxypropylene, BO is oxybutane, SO is oxybenzene ethane, said AO, BO, SO,SO is a combination of homopolymerization, random copolymerization and block copolymerization in any order; x is O or N; m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to n and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to k and less than or equal to 50; a is the functionality, and a is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8.
In the above technical scheme, R 1 Preferably one or more of a linear or branched alkane having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, an olefin, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a polyether group, a polyester group, a polyamide group, and hydrogen.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of polyether polyol containing phenylethane oxide comprises the following steps:
in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst, the starter R 1 -[XH] a Ring-opening polymerization with epoxy compound to obtain polymer R 1 -[X-(AO) m -(BO) n -(SO) k -H] a The epoxy compound is ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and styrene oxide;
wherein R is 1 Is one or more than two of aliphatic group, aromatic group, carbon oxygen group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, ester group, amide group, polyether group, polyester group, polyamide group or hydrogen with 1-100 carbon atoms; AO is ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, BO is butylene oxide, SO is styrene oxide, and AO, BO and SO are the combination of homopolymerization, random copolymerization and block copolymerization in any sequence; x is O or N; m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to n and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to k and less than or equal to 50; a is the functionality, and a is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8.
In the above technical scheme, R 1 Preferably one or more of a linear or branched alkane having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, an olefin, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a polyether group, a polyester group, a polyamide group, and hydrogen.
In the above technical solution, the alkali metal catalyst is preferably one or more of alkali metal, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal alcoholate and alkali metal oxide; more preferably one or more of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, potassium methoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, metallic potassium, metallic sodium, etc., and most preferably potassium hydroxide or potassium methoxide.
In the above technical solution, the amount of the alkali metal catalyst is preferably 0.01 to 5%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% of the total mass of the initiator and the epoxy compound
In the above technical scheme, the initiator is a compound containing active hydrogen atoms and is selected from water or an organic compound with a partial structural formula of-OH or-NH-.
First, the active hydride is water. Organic compounds having the partial formula-OH include, for example, carboxylic acids having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lauric acid, and the like; polycarboxylic acids having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 carboxylic acids, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid terephthalic acid, etc.; alcohols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, etc.; polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, butylene glycol, pentaerythritol, etc.; saccharides or derivatives thereof, such as glucose, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, bisphenol A, and the like.
Organic compounds having a partial structure of-NH-as the active hydrogen compound include, for example, primary aliphatic or aromatic amines having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, benzylamine, aniline and the like; aliphatic or aromatic secondary amines having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as diethylamine, methylethylamine, di-n-propylamine, diphenylamine and the like; polyamines having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and having 2 to 3 primary or secondary amino groups, such as ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, melamine, N, N' -dimethylethyleneamine, etc.; unsaturated cyclic secondary amines having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, such as 3-pyrroline, pyrrole, indole, carbazole, imidazole, pyrazole, purine, etc.; cyclic polyamines having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and having 2 to 3 secondary amine groups, such as pyrazine, piperazine, etc.; substituted or N-monosubstituted acid amides having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as acetamide, propionamide, N-methylpropionamide, 2-pyrrolidone, etc.; and imides of dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as succinimide, maleimide, etc.
Among these active hydrogen compounds, preferred are compounds having a partial structure of-OH including, for example, polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-4 butanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, etc.; saccharides or derivatives thereof, such as glucose, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, etc.
Other active hydrides useful in the present invention include polymers having terminal active hydrogen atoms such as polyethers, polyesters, polyamides, and copolymers thereof.
In the above technical solution, the amount of the initiator is preferably 0.5 to 95%, more preferably 2 to 50% of the total mass of the initiator and the epoxy compound.
In the technical scheme, the amount of AO accounts for 0-95% of the total mass of the initiator and the epoxy compound, the amount of BO accounts for 5-100% of the total mass of the initiator and the epoxy compound, and the amount of SO accounts for 1-20% of the total mass of the initiator and the epoxy compound.
In the above technical scheme, in the ring-opening polymerization reaction, the reaction temperature is preferably 60 to 180 ℃, and more preferably 90 to 120 ℃.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the reaction pressure in the ring-opening polymerization reaction is preferably 0.001 to 1.0MPa, more preferably 0.01 to 0.3MPa.
In the technical scheme, the ring-opening polymer optionally comprises the steps of adding acid for neutralization after reaction, then adding an adsorbent for adsorption, dehydrating at high temperature and filtering; wherein, the added acid is preferably one or more of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, preferably phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid, and more preferably phosphoric acid. The molar mass ratio of the added acid to the alkali metal catalyst is 0.9-1.1; the added adsorbent is one or more of magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, active carbon and diatomite, preferably magnesium silicate and aluminum silicate; the high-temperature dehydration temperature is preferably 80-110 ℃, and the vacuum pumping or nitrogen bubbling can be carried out.
In the process of the present invention, a solvent may also be used, if necessary. The solvent used includes, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and the like; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, etc.; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, anisole and the like; aprotic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide and the like. In addition to these, any solvent can be used as long as it does not inhibit the polymerization reaction of the process of the present invention. When a solvent is used in the polymerization reaction, the polymer produced by the process of the present invention may be used as a cell opener for polyurethane foam by removing the solvent. However, it is also possible to use the above-mentioned raw materials or surfactants by treating them with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, organic carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, carbon dioxide or acidic ion exchange resins. Further, the purification may be carried out by a conventional purification such as washing with water, an organic solvent or a mixture thereof.
The polymerization reaction in the process of the present invention can also be carried out in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, etc., as required.
In order to solve the third technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the application of polyether polyol containing phenylethane oxide is provided.
In the above technical solutions, the application is not limited, for example, but not limited to, the cell opening agent for slow resilient polyurethane foam can solve the problems of high cost or poor cell opening property of the slow resilient polyurethane foam in the prior art.
The invention obtains the structure R by introducing styrene oxide-containing ethane into a polymer chain 1 -[X-(AO) m -(BO) n -(SO) k -H] a The polyether glycol is used as a cell opening agent for polyurethane slow-resilience foam, and has the advantages of good cell opening property, closed cell prevention, foam structure improvement, low shrinkage rate and good comfort of products.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the obtained polyether polyol containing the styrene oxide is used as the cell opening agent for the slow rebound foam of polyurethane, has the advantages of better cell opening property, prevention of cell closing, improvement of foam structure, lower shrinkage rate of products and better comfort, has the shrinkage rate equivalent to that of foreign products, is better than that of domestic cell opening agents, and obtains better technical effect.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not to be construed as being limited to the examples.
Detailed Description
[ example 1 ]
Glycerol 60g and KOH4g are added into a 3L pressure kettle provided with a pressure meter, a temperature meter, a stirring device and a raw material inlet. After nitrogen displacement, the temperature was raised to 100 ℃ and vacuum dehydration was carried out. Then the temperature was raised to 115 ℃ and 300g of ethylene oxide, then 1800g of butylene oxide and then 240g of styrene oxide were added. After completion of the reaction, the low boiling point fraction in the system was extracted by a vacuum pump, phosphoric acid and water were added, stirring was carried out for 30min, and then 4.2g of aluminum silicate was added, vacuum dehydration was carried out, and the adsorbent was filtered to obtain 2380g of a polymer having no odor. According to the coacervation permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard, the number average molecular weight was 4200 and the molecular weight distribution was 1.21.
[ example 2 ]
The procedure is as in example 1 except that 700g of a mixture of 2:1 of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide is used instead of 300g of ethylene oxide. As a result, 2770g of a polymer was obtained. According to the coacervation permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard, the number average molecular weight was 5000 and the molecular weight distribution was 1.15.
[ example 3 ] A method for producing a polycarbonate
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 76g of 1, 2-propanediol was used instead of 60g of glycerol. As a result, 2370g of a polymer was obtained. According to coacervation permeation chromatography using polystyrene as standard, the number average molecular weight is 3100 and the molecular weight distribution is 1.15.
[ example 4 ]
The procedure is as in example 1, except that 250g of a 3-functionality polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of 500 are used instead of 60g of glycerol. As a result, 2560g of a polymer was obtained. According to the coacervation permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard, the number average molecular weight was 6100 and the molecular weight distribution was 1.20.
[ example 5 ]
Following the procedure in example 1, except that ethylene oxide was not added, the amount of butylene oxide was changed to 2000g, 2280g of a polymer was obtained. According to the coacervation permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard, the number average molecular weight was 4200 and the molecular weight distribution was 1.17.
The cell opening agent A prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention is selected and added into the same slow rebound formula according to different fractions, polyurethane slow rebound foam products are prepared in the same mould, and the cell opening effect is compared, see table 1.
TABLE 1 tapping Effect of different addition parts of tapping agent A in the same Slow rebound formulation
Without adding Adding 1 part of Adding 2 parts of
Quality of sample 400 400 400
Shrinkage at 24 hours% 8% 5 2.7
It can be seen that the shrinkage of the slow recovery foam decreases after the cell opener A is used.

Claims (12)

1. The application of polyether polyol as a cell opening agent for polyurethane slow rebound foam, wherein the polyether polyol has a general structural formula shown in a formula (I):
R 1 -[X-(AO) m -(BO) n -(SO) k -H] a formula (I);
wherein R is 1 Is one of aliphatic group, aromatic group, polyether group, polyester group and polyamide group with 1-100 carbon atoms; AO is ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, BO is butylene oxide, SO is styrene oxide, and AO, BO and SO are the combination of homopolymerization, random copolymerization and block copolymerization in any sequence; x is O or N; m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to n and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to k and less than or equal to 50; a is the functionality, and a is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that said R is 1 Is one or more than two of straight chain or branched chain alkane with 1 to 100 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon, polyether, polyester and polyamide.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the process for the preparation of the polyether polyol comprises the steps of:
in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst, the initiator R 1 -[XH] a Ring-opening polymerization with epoxy compound to obtain polymer R 1 -[X-(AO) m -(BO) n -(SO) k -H] a
Wherein R is 1 Is one of aliphatic group, aromatic group, polyether group, polyester group and polyamide group with 1-100 carbon atoms; AO is ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, BO is butylene oxide, SO is styrene oxide, and AO, BO and SO are the combination of homopolymerization, random copolymerization and block copolymerization in any sequence; x is O or N; m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to n and less than or equal to 100,1 and less than or equal to k and less than or equal to 50; a is the functionality, and a is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8.
4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that R is 1 Is straight chain or branched chain alkane with 1-100 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon, polyether, polyester or polyamide.
5. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the alkali metal catalyst is one or more of alkali metal, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal alcoholate and alkali metal oxide.
6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that: the dosage of the alkali metal catalyst is 0.01-5% of the total mass of the initiator and the epoxy compound.
7. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the initiator is at least one of polyhydroxy alcohol with 2 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, saccharide or derivative thereof, polyamine with 2 to 20 carbon atoms and 2~3 primary or secondary amino groups, and cyclic polyamine with 4 to 10 carbon atoms and 2~3 secondary amino groups.
8. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the dosage of the initiator is 0.5 to 95 percent of the total mass of the initiator and the epoxy compound.
9. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the temperature of the ring-opening polymerization reaction is 60 to 180 DEG o C, the reaction pressure is 0.001 to 1.0 MPa.
10. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: after the ring-opening polymer reacts, optionally adding acid for neutralization, then adding an adsorbent for adsorption, dehydrating at high temperature and filtering; wherein the added acid is one or more of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, and the molar ratio of the added acid to the alkali metal catalyst is 0.1 to 1.1; the added adsorbent is one or more of magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, activated carbon and diatomite.
11. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that: the temperature of the high-temperature dehydration is 80 to 110 o C。
12. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that: the high temperature dehydration is accompanied by vacuum or nitrogen bubbling.
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19940797A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-01 Goldschmidt Ag Th Obtained by Akoxylierung block copolymers, styrene oxide-containing polyalkylene oxides and their use
CN101558109A (en) * 2006-12-15 2009-10-14 赢创戈尔德施米特有限公司 Aqueous cold flexible foam stabilizer formulations for the production of highly elastic polyurethane cold flexible foams or cold flexible foam activator solutions
EP2530101A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-05 Bayer MaterialScience AG Method for manufacturing polyether polyols
CN106117538A (en) * 2016-07-30 2016-11-16 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 Polyether polyol as low resilience pore-creating agent and preparation method thereof
WO2017085201A1 (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-26 Covestro Deutschland Ag Polyurethane foams based on polyether carbonate polyols
CN110016114A (en) * 2019-04-24 2019-07-16 东莞市腾崴塑胶制品有限公司 A kind of full open aperture height is breathed freely sponge and preparation method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19940797A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-01 Goldschmidt Ag Th Obtained by Akoxylierung block copolymers, styrene oxide-containing polyalkylene oxides and their use
CN101558109A (en) * 2006-12-15 2009-10-14 赢创戈尔德施米特有限公司 Aqueous cold flexible foam stabilizer formulations for the production of highly elastic polyurethane cold flexible foams or cold flexible foam activator solutions
EP2530101A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-05 Bayer MaterialScience AG Method for manufacturing polyether polyols
WO2017085201A1 (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-26 Covestro Deutschland Ag Polyurethane foams based on polyether carbonate polyols
CN106117538A (en) * 2016-07-30 2016-11-16 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 Polyether polyol as low resilience pore-creating agent and preparation method thereof
CN110016114A (en) * 2019-04-24 2019-07-16 东莞市腾崴塑胶制品有限公司 A kind of full open aperture height is breathed freely sponge and preparation method

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