CN112691574A - Positive and negative rotation stirring device - Google Patents
Positive and negative rotation stirring device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112691574A CN112691574A CN202011468082.4A CN202011468082A CN112691574A CN 112691574 A CN112691574 A CN 112691574A CN 202011468082 A CN202011468082 A CN 202011468082A CN 112691574 A CN112691574 A CN 112691574A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- stirring
- stirring shaft
- motor
- slideway
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/84—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with two or more stirrers rotating at different speeds or in opposite directions about the same axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/051—Stirrers characterised by their elements, materials or mechanical properties
- B01F27/054—Deformable stirrers, e.g. deformed by a centrifugal force applied during operation
- B01F27/0541—Deformable stirrers, e.g. deformed by a centrifugal force applied during operation with mechanical means to alter the position of the stirring elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
- B01F27/0726—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis having stirring elements connected to the stirrer shaft each by a single radial rod, other than open frameworks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/073—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft with stirring elements moving with respect to the stirrer shaft, e.g. floating or comprising contracting chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/21—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by their rotating shafts
- B01F27/212—Construction of the shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
- B01F35/32005—Type of drive
- B01F35/3204—Motor driven, i.e. by means of an electric or IC motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/33—Transmissions; Means for modifying the speed or direction of rotation
- B01F35/332—Transmissions; Means for modifying the speed or direction of rotation alternately changing the direction of rotation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mixing equipment, and discloses a positive and negative rotation stirring device.A rotating wheel of a stirring shaft is provided with an integrated inner gear and an integrated outer gear at the outer side, the inner gear, the outer gear and the stirring shaft are concentrically arranged, the outer periphery of the inner gear is provided with teeth, the inner periphery of the outer gear is provided with teeth, and a hollow circular ring is arranged between the inner gear and the outer gear; the power output wheel is a gear, and the gear is called an output gear; the output gear is arranged in the hollow circular ring; the frame on install the slide of left and right horizontal direction, main motor pass through the pulley and install on the slide, install the round trip motor on the slide, the round trip motor connect the motor. Has the advantages that the stirring blades can rotate in the positive and negative directions and the stirring effect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mixing equipment, in particular to a stirring device.
Background
The stirring device comprises a frame, a charging basket is arranged on the frame, a stirring shaft is inserted into the charging basket, the stirring shaft is provided with stirring blades in the charging basket, a stirring shaft rotating wheel is arranged on the stirring shaft, the stirring device also comprises a main motor, the main motor is provided with a power output wheel, the power output wheel is connected with the stirring shaft rotating wheel, the main motor rotates to drive the power output wheel to rotate, and the stirring shaft rotating wheel, the stirring shaft and the stirring blades are driven to rotate, so that the mixture can be stirred, and the raw materials can be stirred; in the prior art, the power output wheel is directly connected to the rotating wheel, that is, after the device is manufactured, the rotating direction of the motor determines the rotating direction of the stirring blade, and the stirring blade can only rotate towards one direction, that is, only can rotate forwards, and cannot rotate backwards, so that the device has the defect of poor stirring effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a stirring device, namely a forward and reverse stirring device, which can rotate in forward and reverse directions and has a good stirring effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized in such a way that the positive and negative rotation stirring device comprises a frame, a charging barrel is arranged on the frame, a stirring shaft is inserted into the charging barrel, the stirring shaft is provided with stirring blades in the charging barrel, a stirring shaft rotating wheel is arranged on the stirring shaft, and the positive and negative rotation stirring device also comprises a main motor, wherein the main motor is provided with a power output wheel which is connected with the stirring shaft rotating wheel; the method is characterized in that: the outer side of the stirring shaft rotating wheel is provided with an integrated inner gear and an integrated outer gear, the inner gear, the outer gear and the stirring shaft are concentrically arranged, the outer periphery of the inner gear is provided with teeth, the inner periphery of the outer gear is provided with teeth, and a hollow circular ring is arranged between the inner gear and the outer gear; the power output wheel is a gear, and the gear is called an output gear; the output gear is arranged in the hollow circular ring; the frame is provided with a left-right horizontal slideway, the main motor is arranged on the slideway through a pulley, the slideway is provided with a reciprocating motor, and the reciprocating motor is connected with the motor; under the action of the reciprocating motor, when the main motor runs to the left side of the slideway, the output gear is meshed with the external gear, and the output gear is separated from the internal gear; under the action of the reciprocating motor, when the main motor runs to the right side of the slideway, the output gear is meshed with the internal gear, and the output gear is separated from the external gear.
Furthermore, the stirring shaft is provided with a trapezoidal groove (comprising a parallelogram groove), the bottom surface of the trapezoidal groove is in a slope (inclined plane) structure, the stirring blade is connected with a circular ring, the circular ring is sleeved around the trapezoidal groove, a pin is inserted into the circular ring and goes deep into the trapezoidal groove, and the pin has the movement amount from top to bottom along the slope structure in the trapezoidal groove.
Further, the reciprocating motor is connected with the motor through a connecting rod, and a first spring is installed in the middle of the connecting rod.
Furthermore, the stirring shaft is in multiple sections, each section is a stirring shaft single section, and the adjacent stirring shaft single sections are connected by a second spring.
Furthermore, the stirring blades are multiple, the stirring blades are sequentially arranged on the stirring shaft from top to bottom, and a second spring is arranged on the stirring shaft above each stirring blade.
Further, wheels are mounted below the rack.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: such agitating unit has stirring vane forward and reverse two-way rotation, advantage that stirring effect is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an output gear and an external gear in contact according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the output gear and the internal gear in contact according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of fig. 1 taken along the line a-a.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of fig. 2 taken along the direction B-B.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view in the direction C-C in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view D of fig. 1.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the mixing shaft of FIG. 6 (with the pin rotating in the forward direction of the mixing shaft).
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the agitator shaft of FIG. 6 (with the pin rotated in the opposite direction).
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in fig. 6.
Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view in the direction G-G in the case of fig. 3.
Fig. 11 is a schematic sectional view in the direction H-H in the case of fig. 4.
Wherein: 1. the stirring device comprises a frame 2, a charging barrel 3, a stirring shaft 4, a stirring blade 5, a stirring shaft rotating wheel 51, an internal gear 52, an external gear 53, a hollow ring 6, a main motor 7, an output gear 71, an upper gear 72, a lower gear 8, a slide way 9, a pulley 10, a reciprocating motor 11, a trapezoidal groove 12, a ring 13, a pin 14, a connecting rod 15, a first spring 16, a second spring 17, a wheel 18 and a travel switch.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the positive and negative rotation stirring device comprises a frame 1, a charging basket 2 is arranged on the frame, a stirring shaft 3 is inserted into the charging basket, the stirring shaft is provided with stirring blades 4 in the charging basket, a stirring shaft rotating wheel 5 is arranged on the stirring shaft, and the positive and negative rotation stirring device also comprises a main motor 6, the main motor is provided with a power output wheel, and the power output wheel is connected with the stirring shaft rotating wheel; the method is characterized in that: the outer side of the stirring shaft rotating wheel is provided with an integral inner gear 51 and an integral outer gear 52, the inner gear, the outer gear and the stirring shaft are concentrically arranged, the outer periphery of the inner gear is provided with teeth, the inner periphery of the outer gear is provided with teeth, and a hollow circular ring 53 is arranged between the inner gear and the outer gear; the power output wheel is a gear which is called as an output gear 7; the output gear is arranged in the hollow circular ring; the frame is provided with a left and right horizontal slide way 8, the main motor is arranged on the slide way through a pulley 9, the slide way is provided with a reciprocating motor 10, and the reciprocating motor is connected with the motor; under the action of the reciprocating motor, when the main motor runs to the left side of the slideway, the output gear is meshed with the external gear, and the output gear is separated from the internal gear, as shown in figures 1 and 3; under the action of the reciprocating motor, when the main motor runs to the right side of the slideway, the output gear is meshed with the internal gear, and the output gear is separated from the external gear, as shown in figures 2 and 4.
The invention is arranged in such a way that under the action of the reciprocating motor, when the output gear is contacted with the external gear, the stirring shaft rotates in the positive direction, such as the direction of an arrow F in figure 3; when the output gear is contacted with the internal gear, the stirring shaft rotates in the opposite direction, such as the direction of an arrow F in fig. 4; the reciprocating motor can adjust the object contacted with the output gear at times, the rotating direction of the stirring blade is continuously adjusted, the mixture is stirred in the forward and reverse directions, the stirring effect on the mixture is better, and the aim of the invention can be realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, 6, 7, 8 and 9, the stirring shaft is provided with a trapezoidal groove 11 (including a parallelogram groove), the bottom surface of the trapezoidal groove is in a slope (inclined surface) shape, the stirring blade is connected with a ring 12, the ring is sleeved around the trapezoidal groove, and a pin 13 is inserted into the ring and extends into the trapezoidal groove, and the pin has the movement amount from the structure along the slope up and down in the trapezoidal groove.
The device is arranged in such a way that the heights of the stirring blades in the positive rotation and the negative rotation are different, and the stirring blades act on different layers of materials, so that a better stirring effect can be achieved.
Further, the reciprocating motor is connected with the motor through a connecting rod 14, and a first spring 15 is installed in the middle of the connecting rod, namely the first spring connects two sections of connecting rods into one connecting rod, and the connecting rod can be stretched and contracted as a whole, as shown in fig. 5.
The device is arranged in such a way that a buffer or delay is generated when the output gear contacts the inner gear and the outer gear, which is beneficial to protecting the rotating wheel of the stirring shaft.
Furthermore, the stirring shaft is in a plurality of sections, each section is a stirring shaft single section, and the adjacent stirring shaft single sections are connected by a second spring 16.
The device is arranged like this, can make stirring vane change the direction of rotation and have a buffering occasionally, is favorable to protecting (mixing) shaft and blade.
Furthermore, the stirring blades are multiple, the stirring blades are sequentially arranged on the stirring shaft from top to bottom, and a second spring is arranged on the stirring shaft above each stirring blade.
So set up, the protection stirring vane thinks the effect better.
Further, wheels 17 are mounted below the shelves, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Thus, the movement is convenient.
Further, the output gear further includes an upper gear 71 on the upper surface and a lower gear 72 on the lower surface, and when the output gear is outside the hollow circular ring, the upper gear is engaged with the external gear, and the lower gear is not engaged with the internal gear and the external gear, as shown in fig. 10; when the output gear is outside the hollow ring, the lower gear meshes with the inner gear, and the upper gear does not mesh with the inner and outer gears, as shown in fig. 11.
The setting and adjustment provide convenience for the speed ratio of forward and reverse stirring.
Furthermore, two travel switches 18 are mounted on the frame, the travel switches are connected with a control device, and the control device is connected with a reciprocating motor; when the output gear contacts the external gear, the travel switch enables the reciprocating motor to move towards the direction of the internal gear; when the output gear contacts the internal gear, the travel switch moves the shuttle motor in the direction of the external gear, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications within the field of the present invention by those skilled in the art are covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The positive and negative rotation stirring device comprises a frame, a charging basket is arranged on the frame, a stirring shaft is inserted into the charging basket, the stirring shaft is provided with stirring blades in the charging basket, a stirring shaft rotating wheel is arranged on the stirring shaft, and the positive and negative rotation stirring device also comprises a main motor, wherein the main motor is provided with a power output wheel which is connected with the stirring shaft rotating wheel; the method is characterized in that: the outer side of the stirring shaft rotating wheel is provided with an integrated inner gear and an integrated outer gear, the inner gear, the outer gear and the stirring shaft are concentrically arranged, the outer periphery of the inner gear is provided with teeth, the inner periphery of the outer gear is provided with teeth, and a hollow circular ring is arranged between the inner gear and the outer gear; the power output wheel is a gear, and the gear is called an output gear; the output gear is arranged in the hollow circular ring; the frame is provided with a left-right horizontal slideway, the main motor is arranged on the slideway through a pulley, the slideway is provided with a reciprocating motor, and the reciprocating motor is connected with the motor; under the action of the reciprocating motor, when the main motor runs to the left side of the slideway, the output gear is meshed with the external gear, and the output gear is separated from the internal gear; under the action of the reciprocating motor, when the main motor runs to the right side of the slideway, the output gear is meshed with the internal gear, and the output gear is separated from the external gear.
2. The counter-rotating stirring device as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the stirring shaft on have a trapezoidal groove, trapezoidal tank bottom surface be the structure of slope shape, stirring vane connect the ring, the ring cup joint around the trapezoidal groove to the pin inserts the ring and goes deep into the trapezoidal groove, the pin has the mobility from the structure along the slope shape from top to bottom in the trapezoidal groove.
3. The counter-rotating stirring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the reciprocating motor is connected with the motor through a connecting rod, and a first spring is arranged in the middle of the connecting rod.
4. A counter-rotating stirring device according to claim 3, wherein: the stirring shaft is in multiple sections, each section is a stirring shaft single section, and the adjacent stirring shaft single sections are connected by a second spring.
5. A counter-rotating stirring device according to claim 3, wherein: the stirring shaft is provided with a plurality of stirring blades, the stirring blades are sequentially arranged on the stirring shaft from top to bottom, and a second spring is arranged on the stirring shaft above each stirring blade.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011468082.4A CN112691574A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Positive and negative rotation stirring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011468082.4A CN112691574A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Positive and negative rotation stirring device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112691574A true CN112691574A (en) | 2021-04-23 |
Family
ID=75507884
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011468082.4A Pending CN112691574A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Positive and negative rotation stirring device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112691574A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2616655C1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-04-18 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Reciprocating and rotation agitator |
| CN107362735A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-21 | 郑州三华科技实业有限公司 | The indexing of single-deck list motor and stirring driving machine structure |
| CN207745801U (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-08-21 | 陈贤尧 | A kind of efficient device for formulating of LED conductive silver glues |
| CN208700860U (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-04-05 | 天津油立方科技有限公司 | A kind of petroleum sludge contains oil separating device |
| CN214715845U (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-11-16 | 河南金拇指防水科技有限公司 | Positive and negative rotation stirring device |
-
2020
- 2020-12-15 CN CN202011468082.4A patent/CN112691574A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2616655C1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-04-18 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Reciprocating and rotation agitator |
| CN107362735A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-21 | 郑州三华科技实业有限公司 | The indexing of single-deck list motor and stirring driving machine structure |
| CN207745801U (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-08-21 | 陈贤尧 | A kind of efficient device for formulating of LED conductive silver glues |
| CN208700860U (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-04-05 | 天津油立方科技有限公司 | A kind of petroleum sludge contains oil separating device |
| CN214715845U (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-11-16 | 河南金拇指防水科技有限公司 | Positive and negative rotation stirring device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN214715845U (en) | Positive and negative rotation stirring device | |
| CN203952259U9 (en) | Three vertical oar flour -mixing machines | |
| CN103210966A (en) | Movement separation spiral multifunctional food mixing machine | |
| CN110106819A (en) | A kind of sanitation worker's automated cleaning trolley suitable for non-motorized lane | |
| CN217169231U (en) | Production mixing arrangement of blending polyamide PVC drain pipe | |
| CN112691574A (en) | Positive and negative rotation stirring device | |
| CN211216535U (en) | Mixing device is used in processing of trichosanthes seed | |
| EP0052582B1 (en) | Kneading machine | |
| CN212739888U (en) | Top cover feeding mechanism of racking machine | |
| CN216172899U (en) | Unloader is used in production of aluminium oxide powder | |
| CN114770765A (en) | A washing drilling equipment for civil engineering | |
| CN213792075U (en) | Automatic grinder of pharmacy | |
| CN212632904U (en) | PVC cable material processing rotary-cut mechanism | |
| CN220478625U (en) | Stirring device | |
| CN114870710B (en) | Shaping processingequipment of immunonutrition nursery pig complete feed | |
| CN112263779A (en) | Cotton swab machine is used in production of medical cotton swab | |
| CN1166310A (en) | Multi-purpose kitchen machine and its accessories | |
| CN220149513U (en) | Oil residue separation device based on vegetable oil processing usefulness | |
| CN220111338U (en) | Centrifugal device for preparing silicon rubber | |
| CN210448939U (en) | Stirring machine | |
| CN213248673U (en) | A egg-whisk for food production and processing | |
| CN216906670U (en) | Fixation equipment suitable for tea processing | |
| CN111219673B (en) | Movable solar street lamp | |
| CN217136759U (en) | Raw material cleaning device for potato chip processing | |
| CN216586014U (en) | SBS modified asphalt mixing machine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: Henan golden thumb Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd Applicant after: Henan golden thumb Waterproof Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Henan golden thumb Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd Applicant before: HENAN GOLDEN THUMB WATERPROOF TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |