CN112689304A - Control method, device and system for power transmission and transformation state monitoring - Google Patents
Control method, device and system for power transmission and transformation state monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method, a control device and a control system for power transmission and transformation state monitoring, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The method is applied to sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, different types of sensor nodes belong to different Access Points (APs), a mesh network is formed among a plurality of APs, and a star network is formed between a single AP and the sensor nodes managed by the AP, and the method comprises the following steps: determining a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node; and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism. The embodiment of the invention is suitable for the power transmission and transformation state monitoring process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a control method, a control device and a control system for power transmission and transformation state monitoring.
Background
The wireless sensor network is an intelligent autonomous measurement and control network system which is formed by densely arranging a large number of tiny sensor nodes with communication and calculation capabilities in an unattended monitoring area and can autonomously complete specified tasks according to the environment.
The main problems of wireless sensor networks are signal coverage and energy consumption. The application of the wireless sensor network in the aspects of industrial monitoring and the like requires that the sensor nodes are powered by batteries, the service life of the network is 2-3 years, and the problem of energy consumption is more prominent.
Most of traditional sensor terminals adopt Mesh-type networks, such as ZigBee and 433 frequency-adjustable terminals, any terminal in the Mesh-type network can be used as a repeater, and each terminal can directly communicate with one or more terminals in the same frequency band. Therefore, the Mesh network has the advantages of flexible networking, but also has the problems of high delay, high resource consumption and complex communication link.
The existing sensor network low-power consumption technology has the problems that the mechanism setting is too complex, the chip hardware architecture is too complex, the software development cost is high, and the existing sensor network low-power consumption technology is not suitable for low-cost sensor network nodes. In addition, similar to a network such as Zigbee, a node is constantly and periodically waken up even without a beacon frame, which undoubtedly increases power consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a control method, a device and a system for monitoring the power transmission and transformation state, which aim to implement a data sending mechanism in a targeted manner through the types of different sensor nodes and solve the problem of periodically awakening the sensor nodes to increase the power consumption.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for monitoring power transmission and transformation states, where the method is applied to sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, and different types of sensor nodes belong to different access points AP, a mesh network is formed among multiple APs, and a star network is formed between a single AP and sensor nodes managed by the AP, and the method includes: determining a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node; and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism.
Further, the method further comprises: and when the beacon frame broadcasted by the AP is received, performing time synchronization.
Further, the determining, according to the type of the local sensor node, a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP includes: when the type of the local sensor node is the ultra-low power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending-only mechanism; the sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism comprises: and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the awakening time determined by the residual electric quantity of the local sensor node.
Further, the determining, according to the type of the local sensor node, a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP includes: when the type of the local sensor node is a low-power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving mechanism; the sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism comprises: after sending sensor node data to the AP at a set time interval, entering a dormant state; and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism in a set time period.
Further, the determining, according to the type of the local sensor node, a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP includes: when the type of the local sensor node is a real-time response type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving normally open mechanism; the sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism comprises: and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism.
Further, the sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism includes: according to
Obtaining the total sending time required by the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node, wherein,
the total transmission time required for the data packet to be transmitted of the local sensor node,
for the length of the ith data packet to be transmitted,
for the length of the acknowledgement message, R is the physical layer transmission rate, d is the distance between the local sensor node and the destination node address, c is the speed of light,
n is the number of data packets to be sent of the local sensor node; broadcasting the encapsulation message of the total sending time and the destination node address list; and sending the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node according to the total sending time.
Further, the sensor node data further comprises a designated preamble for identifying validity of the sensor node data; and the system also comprises a cyclic redundancy code which is used for identifying the accuracy of the sensor node data.
Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control device for monitoring power transmission and transformation states, where the device is applied to sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, and different types of sensor nodes belong to different access points AP, a mesh network is formed among multiple APs, and a star network is formed between a single AP and sensor nodes managed by the AP, and the device includes: the mechanism determining module is used for determining a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node; and the sending module is used for sending the sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism.
Further, the apparatus further comprises: a receiving module, configured to receive a beacon frame broadcast by the AP; and the synchronization module is used for carrying out time synchronization when receiving the beacon frame broadcasted by the AP.
Further, the mechanism determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is the ultra-low power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending-only mechanism; the sending module is further configured to: and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the awakening time determined by the residual electric quantity of the local sensor node.
Further, the mechanism determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is a low-power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving mechanism; the sending module is further configured to: after sending sensor node data to the AP at a set time interval, entering a dormant state; and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism in a set time period.
Further, the mechanism determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is a real-time response type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving normally open mechanism; the sending module is further configured to: and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism.
Further, the sending module includes: a processing submodule for processing according to
Obtaining the total sending time required by the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node, wherein,
the total transmission time required for the data packet to be transmitted of the local sensor node,
for the length of the ith data packet to be transmitted,
for the length of the acknowledgement message, R is the physical layer transmission rate, d is the distance between the local sensor node and the destination node address, c is the speed of light,
n is the number of data packets to be sent of the local sensor node; the sending submodule is used for broadcasting the total sending time and the encapsulated message of the destination node address list; and sending the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node according to the total sending time.
Further, the sensor node data further comprises a designated preamble for identifying validity of the sensor node data; and the system also comprises a cyclic redundancy code which is used for identifying the accuracy of the sensor node data.
Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control system for monitoring power transmission and transformation statuses, where the system includes: the power transmission and transformation state monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensor nodes comprising the control device for power transmission and transformation state monitoring, a plurality of Access Points (APs), a plurality of return nodes and a central server, wherein the APs managed by one return node form a mesh network, each AP and the plurality of sensor nodes form a star network, the plurality of return nodes are connected with the central server, and different types of sensor nodes belong to different Access Points (APs).
Furthermore, all APs in a mesh network communicate with each other by using the same frequency channel, and different APs and sensor nodes managed correspondingly by the APs use different frequency channels.
Through the types of different sensor nodes, a data sending mechanism is implemented in a targeted manner, and the problem that the power consumption is increased when the sensor nodes are awakened periodically is solved.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system for power transmission and transformation condition monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control method for monitoring power transmission and transformation statuses according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data transmission time division of a class B sensor node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a control for monitoring power transmission and transformation status according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another control for power transmission and transformation state monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the prior art, a mesh network is formed among sensor nodes, and then an AP is connected to a central terminal through a star network. The disadvantage of such design is that the system can not be applicable to the application of super long distance sensor node, uses the mesh network in a large number at sensor node simultaneously, has caused the high energy consumption of a large amount of nodes, and sensor node's standby is long is very important parameter, because sensor node once installs on the transmission and transformation circuit, for it change battery cost will be very high, therefore sensor node's energy consumption problem is waited for to solve urgently. The embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and provides a control system for power transmission and transformation state monitoring, which includes a plurality of sensor nodes 11, a plurality of access points AP 12, a plurality of backhaul nodes 13, and a central server 14, wherein an AP managed by a backhaul node forms a mesh network, an AP in the mesh network can perform multi-hop routing, and finally access to a single backhaul node, each AP forms a star network with a plurality of sensor nodes, the plurality of backhaul nodes are connected with the central server through 2/3/4/5G wireless communication technology or ethernet technology, and different types of sensor nodes belong to different access points AP.
All the APs in a mesh network adopt the same frequency channel for communication, different APs and sensor nodes correspondingly managed by the different APs adopt different frequency channels, and the mechanism can avoid the interference between the different APs to the maximum extent.
In addition, the star network is used at the sensor node at the bottommost layer, and the mesh network is used at the AP layer, so that the network is very suitable for the application of a transmission line tower which extends for tens of kilometers. An AP is installed on each tower to manage the sensor nodes mounted on the towers, and meanwhile, data gathered by the AP of each tower can be uploaded to a certain return node through a mesh network. Compared with the prior art in which the lower layer is a mesh network, the sensor network in which the upper layer is a star network cannot achieve the purpose. For example, if the system is applied to a usage scenario of power transmission line monitoring, a plurality of APs may be laid on different power transmission line towers, and the backhaul node may be placed in a HUB or an environment box.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the sensor nodes are classified into three types: class A, class B and class C. The type A sensor node belongs to an ultra-low power consumption type, only has a data sending function and no data receiving function, the sensor node of the type enters a dormant state immediately after sending data, the sensor node of the type is used in some devices which only upload sensor data periodically, the devices do not need to receive control instructions of APs, and only need to upload sensor data according to a fixed data format, such as temperature sensor devices. The type B sensor node belongs to a low-power consumption type, a fixed time period is reserved for receiving a confirmation message of the AP after data is sent, and then the sensor node enters a dormant state. The C-type sensor node belongs to a real-time response type, functions of receiving data and sending data are normally opened, the sensor node of the type needs to pursue strong real-time performance, is usually used as some switching devices and is arranged in a power distribution cabinet, and the problem of power consumption does not need to be considered. In the embodiment of the present invention, the A, B and C sensor nodes belong to different APs respectively, and do not coincide with each other, that is, the sensor nodes of different types are not managed by the same AP, so that different low power consumption designs can be performed for the three sensor nodes respectively.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a control method for monitoring power transmission and transformation statuses according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the method is applied to sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, and different types of sensor nodes belong to different access points AP, a mesh network is formed among a plurality of APs, and a star network is formed between a single AP and the sensor nodes managed by the AP, and the method includes the following steps:
The embodiment of the invention adopts an improved synchronization mechanism, the traditional time synchronization mechanism is that all sensor nodes in a network broadcast and send a time synchronization packet before data transmission, and all sensor nodes use a global clock. In the embodiment of the invention, the AP broadcasts a beacon frame to carry out time synchronization, namely, a sensor node under the same AP uses a clock, so that the data transmission can be further reduced, and the bandwidth loss is saved.
Different communication mechanisms are adopted for different types of sensor nodes so as to save power consumption.
And when the type of the local sensor node is the ultra-low power consumption type, namely when the local sensor node is the A type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending the sensor node data to the AP is a sending-only mechanism. The sensor node data may be sent to the AP according to the wake-up time determined by the remaining power of the local sensor node. That is to say, for the class a sensor node, a dynamic sleep technique is introduced in the embodiment of the present invention, that is, the sleep time is dynamically changed along with the state of the remaining battery power, and the lower the remaining battery power is, the longer the sleep time is, and the longer the wake-up interval time is. The corresponding relation between the sleep time and the residual capacity of the battery is a linear relation, is a simple inverse proportion function, and can be obtained by simple table look-up.
And when the type of the local sensor node is a low-power consumption type, namely when the local sensor node is a B type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending the sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving mechanism. And after sending the sensor node data to the AP at a set time interval, entering a dormant state, and sending the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism in a set time period. For example, referring to a schematic diagram of dividing data transmission time of a class B sensor node shown in fig. 3, the time between two Beacon frames (Beacon) for a synchronization mechanism issued by an AP is divided into three parts. The time period T1 is an emergency priority channel, and when some sensors have an emergency to report, reporting information can be sent in this channel. And in the period T2, the N sensor nodes managed by the AP are equally distributed with time so that the sensor nodes upload sensor data to the AP. In the period of time T2, each sensor node wakes up within a specified time window, that is, sends sensor data to the AP according to a set time interval, and then waits for two time windows to receive an acknowledgement message from the AP, and whether the acknowledgement message is received or not, the sensor node immediately enters a sleep state, thereby further reducing the power consumption of the sensor node. After the end of the average allocation time of T2, in order to prevent some sensor nodes from unsuccessfully uploading data under some special conditions, a T3 time period is reserved, in the set time period, each sensor node adopts a CSMA/CA mechanism to perform competitive access, the sensor node listens before transmitting, and if the channel is occupied, a random back-off algorithm is used to avoid collision.
And when the type of the local sensor node is a real-time response type, namely when the local sensor node is a C type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending the sensor node data to the AP is a normally open mechanism for sending and receiving. For the type C sensor node, since the real-time requirement of the type C sensor node is relatively high, the time period T2 shown in fig. 3 is cancelled, and only the time periods T1 and T3 are reserved, so that the real-time property of data uploading can be ensured to the greatest extent. And in the time period of T3, transmitting sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism.
In addition, the time interval between two beacon frames broadcasted by the AP for time synchronization shown in fig. 3 can be adjusted according to practical situations, and the 1000ms shown in the figure is only used as an example and is not described here as a limitation.
In addition, the data frame structures of the three types of sensor nodes are the same, and in order to ensure the reliability of data, the data frame format in the communication protocol in the embodiment of the present invention includes a preamble, a data frame length, a local node address, a destination node address, a status code, data information, and a cyclic verification code. Wherein the preamble is 3 bits for identifying validity of the sensor node data. In the embodiment of the invention, three-bit data of 0x55, 0xAA and 0x55 is used as a lead code. If the first 3 bits of the received data frame are not (0x55, 0xAA, 0x55), then the automatic filtering at the destination node, i.e., AP, is not identified. The local node address consists of 2 bytes. The destination node address consists of 2 bytes. And forwarding the data frame of the local node to the return node through the destination node of the local node by multiple hops. The status code records whether the current data frame is transmitted in an uplink or downlink mode, whether the receiving node needs to reply or not, whether the data frame is a response signal or not, and carries information such as data information analysis content, an early warning signal and the like. The data information is information data collected by the local node and is core data in the data item. The cyclic redundancy code is 8 bits and is used for identifying whether data bits with errors exist in the sensor node data and identifying the accuracy of the sensor node data. The other interference wireless signals around are filtered by the 3-bit preamble, and the data packet sending out the difference data is filtered by the cyclic redundancy code. By the two layers of filtering mechanisms, the protocol can filter and eliminate invalid or useless signal interference in real time. Through the real-time filtering mechanism, the resources and time for processing invalid data packets can be saved, the safety and reliability of a communication system are greatly improved, and the interference of malicious signals is prevented.
And for the sensor nodes of the B type and the C type, transmitting sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism in a T3 time period.
Two kinds of sending frequency registers are added. One is SC representing the number of consecutive successful transmissions and the other is FC representing the number of consecutive failed transmissions. If the operation is successful, adding 1 to SC, and clearing FC; if the failure occurs, FC is increased by 1, and SC is cleared. The larger the SC, the better the network communication status, and the larger the FC, the worse the network communication. Meanwhile, the two registers have corresponding threshold values, so that the purpose of preventing the same sensor node from occupying a channel for a long time or being incapable of accessing the channel is to balance network traffic. And adjusting the current competition window value by comparing the register value with the threshold value. In addition, the backoff counter does not have to be reset. After the node enters the backoff stage, a backoff duration is calculated according to the contention window and stored in a backoff counter, and the value is increased or decreased along with the time slot. The backoff duration of each sensor node is different, and the node with the shortest backoff duration ends the backoff process to compete to the channel at the earliest. When the node performs backoff, if the channel is detected to be busy from idle at the moment, the node needs to stop the backoff, but the value in the backoff counter is not cleared, the current value is reserved, and the node enters a sleep state. In the next round of backoff stage, the counter value in the previous round is continuously used for backoff, so that the waiting time of the node is reduced, and the fairness of network communication is improved.
The algorithm steps for the above CSMA/CA mechanism are as follows:
1) an initialization stage:
after the sensor node is accessed to the network, the initial competition window value CWinitIs set as (CW)min+CWmax) /2, wherein CWminFor contention window lower limit, CWmaxIs the contention window upper limit value. Meanwhile, the initial value of the transmission number register of all the sensor nodes is 0.
2) Listening channel phase
After the sensor node is initialized, if no data is to be sent, the sensor node enters a sleep state after the normal working time is passed. When the sensor node is to send data, it first listens to whether the channel is idle. When the channel is busy, the sensor node goes to sleep and will listen to the channel again after waking up for the next T3 time period. If the channel is not busy, the channel is monitored to have no signal fluctuation in the frame interval, which indicates that the transmission can be carried out, a back-off time is immediately and randomly generated, then a back-off counter is started, and a back-off stage is entered.
3) The sensor node may generate two working states in the backoff stage: (1) the channel remains idle, and the backoff counter is decremented by 1 until it is 0 every time a time slot duration elapses. When the back-off is finished, the sensor node can send data. (2) In the process of back-off, if the channel is busy, stopping the current back-off, pausing a back-off counter, and setting a timer for the sensor node to prepare to enter a sleep state. When the next time period of T3 comes, if the timer value is greater than 0, the proving channel is still occupied, the sensor node cannot send data, until the timer value is equal to 0, the proving channel is idle, the sensor node will wake up, listen to the channel, enter the backoff stage again, restart the backoff counter, and send data.
4) Window adjusting stage
If the sensor node successfully sends the data, the value of the sending register SC is added with 1 to sendThe register FC value is cleared. If the SC register value is less than the threshold value SClimIt is shown that the current contention window value CW only needs to be fine-tuned, CW is decreased by 2. If the SC register value exceeds SClimIt is shown that the current network can successfully transmit data for multiple times, the current network traffic is small, the contention window is set to be too large, and the current contention window value needs to be greatly reduced, so that CW = max (CW)minCW/2) while the SC register is cleared. And if the sensor node generates conflict or fails when sending data, adding 1 to the FC register value, clearing the SC register value, and adding 1 to the retransmission counter. If the FC register value is less than the threshold FClimTo illustrate that CW only needs to be adjusted slightly, CW is increased by 2. If the FC register value exceeds FClimThe current CW value is considered to be too small and needs to be adjusted to a large extent, so that CW = min (CW)maxCW x 2) while clearing the FC register. In addition, attention is paid to a retransmission counter of a sensor node sending data, and if the number of times exceeds a specified number, a current data packet is not transmitted any more, and registers of the SC and the FC are cleared. If the transmission of the current data packet can be attempted again, the back-off phase is re-entered.
In addition to the CSMA/CA mechanism may be used in the T3 time period, the wake-up time of each node may be unequal in the embodiment of the present invention, and the wake-up time may be calculated in advance according to the data amount of each node, and broadcast-transmitted in the time window of each node in the T2 time period (for the sensor node of low power consumption type) or the T1 time period (for the sensor node of real-time response type), notify each node, and then transmit its own data in the calculated time, so that the service quality of the node may be ensured.
Wherein, according to
Obtaining the total sending time required by the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node, wherein,
the total transmission time required for the data packet to be transmitted of the local sensor node,
for the length of the ith data packet to be transmitted,
for the length of the acknowledgement message, R is the physical layer transmission rate, d is the distance between the local sensor node and the destination node address, c is the speed of light,
and n is the number of the data packets to be sent of the local sensor node, wherein n is the time margin. The number of the transmitted data packets can be calculated by combining the time that each node can use in the time period of T3. And after the total sending time required by the node to send the data packet is obtained through calculation, the total sending time and the destination node address list are packaged together and then broadcast, and the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node is sent in the available time coming later. In addition, if the local sensor node has no data packet waiting for transmission, the local sensor node transmits the data packet to the local sensor node
And the address list of the destination node is null, which indicates that the use right at the time is abandoned and is left for the neighbor nodes. The non-owner of the current time is in a receiving state, monitors the encapsulation information, and detects whether the current time is abandoned and whether the non-owner is a destination node of the data transmission. In order to improve the channel utilization rate, the time period left after the owner of the current time finishes the data packet transmission can be utilized, and non-owners can compete for the channel according to the CSMA/CA mechanism.
The embodiment of the invention solves the problems that the existing wireless sensor network cannot be applied to the super-long distance sensor arrangement nodes and the mesh network is used in a large quantity at the sensor node end, so that the high energy consumption of a large quantity of nodes is caused. And aiming at different sensor node types, different communication mechanisms are adopted, so that the low power consumption characteristic of the system is ensured.
Correspondingly, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a control for monitoring power transmission and transformation statuses according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus is applied to sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, and different types of sensor nodes belong to different access points AP, a mesh network is formed among a plurality of APs, and a star network is formed between a single AP and the sensor nodes managed by the AP, and the apparatus 40 includes: a mechanism determining module 41, configured to determine, according to the type of the local sensor node, a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP; a sending module 42, configured to send sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism.
Further, the apparatus further comprises: a receiving module 43, configured to receive a beacon frame broadcast by the AP; a synchronization module 44, configured to perform time synchronization when receiving the beacon frame broadcast by the AP.
Further, the mechanism determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is the ultra-low power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending-only mechanism; the sending module is further configured to: and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the awakening time determined by the residual electric quantity of the local sensor node.
Further, the mechanism determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is a low-power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving mechanism; the sending module is further configured to: after sending sensor node data to the AP at a set time interval, entering a dormant state; and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism in a set time period.
Further, the mechanism determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is a real-time response type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving normally open mechanism; the sending module is further configured to: and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the sending module includes: a processing submodule 51 for processing the data according to
Obtaining the total sending time required by the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node, wherein,
the total transmission time required for the data packet to be transmitted of the local sensor node,
for the length of the ith data packet to be transmitted,
for the length of the acknowledgement message, R is the physical layer transmission rate, d is the distance between the local sensor node and the destination node address, c is the speed of light,
n is the number of data packets to be sent of the local sensor node; a sending submodule 52, configured to broadcast the total sending time and an encapsulated message of the destination node address list; and sending the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node according to the total sending time.
Further, the sensor node data further comprises a designated preamble for identifying validity of the sensor node data; and the system also comprises a cyclic redundancy code which is used for identifying the accuracy of the sensor node data.
For more details of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, reference may be made to the description of the control method for monitoring the power transmission and transformation status in the embodiment, and the same or corresponding technical effects as those of the control method for monitoring the power transmission and transformation status can be obtained, so that no further description is provided herein.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium, where the machine-readable storage medium stores instructions for causing a machine to execute the control method for power transmission and transformation state monitoring described in the above embodiment.
In addition, the sensor node of the embodiment of the invention can also realize low power consumption in the aspect of hardware design. The energy consumption of the processor occupies most energy resources of the node, and the cortex 0 microprocessor with low energy consumption, reliable performance and rich internal resources is selected in the embodiment of the invention. The power management chip is a chip with low voltage difference, high-efficiency output and low power consumption. On the premise of meeting application requirements, the working frequency and the working voltage of the system are properly reduced in an application program, and the consumption of the system can be effectively reduced. The interrupt mode is used as much as possible in the application program to control the sensor node, and the processor is enabled to enter the sleep mode at ordinary times, so that the power consumption of the microprocessor can be greatly reduced due to the sleep mode. In the hardware design, three energy supply modes, namely a super capacitor, a lithium battery and a solar panel, are used for supplying energy to the circuit, and a Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) is used for controlling the voltage and the current of the energy source and controlling the charging and discharging. Solar energy can be utilized to the maximum extent, and energy consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the PMIC, the conditions of the current system of the electric energy consumption and the residual electric energy can be detected in the application program, and various parameters of the system can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual conditions. In order to minimize the power consumption of the microprocessor, for unconnected IO, it is set to output mode and gives a certain output level, and may also be set to input, giving a certain input level, such as ground or to the supply voltage. In addition, unused IO is set as input and pull-up resistors are enabled, determining the IO pin level.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (16)
1. A control method for monitoring power transmission and transformation states is applied to sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, different types of sensor nodes belong to different Access Points (APs), a mesh network is formed among a plurality of APs, and a star network is formed among a single AP and the sensor nodes managed by the single AP, and the method comprises the following steps:
determining a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node;
and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism.
2. The control method for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring of claim 1, further comprising:
and when the beacon frame broadcasted by the AP is received, performing time synchronization.
3. The control method for power transmission and transformation status monitoring according to claim 1, wherein determining the communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node comprises:
when the type of the local sensor node is the ultra-low power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending-only mechanism;
the sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism comprises:
and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the awakening time determined by the residual electric quantity of the local sensor node.
4. The control method for power transmission and transformation status monitoring according to claim 1, wherein determining the communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node comprises:
when the type of the local sensor node is a low-power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving mechanism;
the sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism comprises:
after sending sensor node data to the AP at a set time interval, entering a dormant state; and
and in a set time period, transmitting sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism.
5. The control method for power transmission and transformation status monitoring according to claim 1, wherein determining the communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node comprises:
when the type of the local sensor node is a real-time response type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving normally open mechanism;
the sending sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism comprises:
and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism.
6. The control method for electric transmission and transformation status monitoring according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said sending sensor node data to said AP according to said communication mechanism comprises:
according to
Obtaining the total sending time required by the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node, wherein,
the total transmission time required for the data packet to be transmitted of the local sensor node,
for the length of the ith data packet to be transmitted,
for the length of the acknowledgement message, R is the physical layer transmission rate, d is the distance between the local sensor node and the destination node address, c is the speed of light,
n is the number of data packets to be sent of the local sensor node;
broadcasting the encapsulation message of the total sending time and the destination node address list;
and sending the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node according to the total sending time.
7. The control method for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring of claim 1, wherein the sensor node data further comprises a designated preamble for identifying validity of the sensor node data; and the system also comprises a cyclic redundancy code which is used for identifying the accuracy of the sensor node data.
8. A control device for monitoring the state of power transmission and transformation is characterized in that the device is applied to sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, different types of sensor nodes belong to different Access Points (APs), a mesh network is formed among a plurality of APs, and a star network is formed among a single AP and the sensor nodes managed by the single AP, the device comprises:
the mechanism determining module is used for determining a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP according to the type of the local sensor node;
and the sending module is used for sending the sensor node data to the AP according to the communication mechanism.
9. The control device for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring of claim 8, further comprising:
a receiving module, configured to receive a beacon frame broadcast by the AP;
and the synchronization module is used for carrying out time synchronization when receiving the beacon frame broadcasted by the AP.
10. The control device for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring of claim 8, wherein the regime determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is the ultra-low power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending-only mechanism;
the sending module is further configured to: and sending sensor node data to the AP according to the awakening time determined by the residual electric quantity of the local sensor node.
11. The control device for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring of claim 8, wherein the regime determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is a low-power consumption type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving mechanism;
the sending module is further configured to: after sending sensor node data to the AP at a set time interval, entering a dormant state; and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism in a set time period.
12. The control device for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring of claim 8, wherein the regime determination module is further configured to: when the type of the local sensor node is a real-time response type, determining that a communication mechanism for sending sensor node data to the AP is a sending and receiving normally open mechanism;
the sending module is further configured to: and transmitting the sensor node data to the AP by adopting a CSMA/CA mechanism.
13. The control device for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the sending module comprises:
a processing submodule for processing according to
Obtaining the total sending time required by the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node, wherein,
the total transmission time required for the data packet to be transmitted of the local sensor node,
for the length of the ith data packet to be transmitted,
for the length of the acknowledgement message, R is the physical layer transmission rate, d is the distance between the local sensor node and the destination node address, c is the speed of light,
n is the number of data packets to be sent of the local sensor node;
the sending submodule is used for broadcasting the total sending time and the encapsulated message of the destination node address list; and sending the data packet to be sent of the local sensor node according to the total sending time.
14. The control apparatus for electric transmission and transformation condition monitoring of claim 8, wherein the sensor node data further includes a designated preamble for identifying validity of the sensor node data; and the system also comprises a cyclic redundancy code which is used for identifying the accuracy of the sensor node data.
15. A control system for power transmission and transformation condition monitoring, the system comprising: a plurality of sensor nodes comprising a control device for power transmission and transformation status monitoring according to any of claims 8-14, a plurality of access points AP, a plurality of backhaul nodes and a central server, wherein the APs managed by one backhaul node constitute a mesh network, each AP constitutes a star network with a plurality of sensor nodes, the plurality of backhaul nodes are all connected with the central server, and different types of sensor nodes belong to different access points AP.
16. The control system for power transmission and transformation state monitoring according to claim 15, wherein all APs in a mesh network communicate with each other using the same frequency channel, and different APs communicate with their corresponding managed sensor nodes using different frequency channels.
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