CN112688150B - Dual-wavelength fiber laser based on mode interferometer - Google Patents
Dual-wavelength fiber laser based on mode interferometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer, belonging to the technical field of optical communication, and comprising a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber, an optical isolator, a mode interferometer, a polarization controller, an optical coupler and a spectrometer; the pumping light output by the pumping source is input into the erbium-doped fiber after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer, then is sequentially input into the optical isolator, the mode interferometer and the polarization controller, and is output into the spectrometer through the fiber coupler, and the wavelength lasing condition of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is displayed by the spectrometer. The invention utilizes two modes in a single few-mode fiber core to form the mode interferometer, realizes the interval tuning of 31 wavelengths of the dual-wavelength fiber laser by jointly adjusting the length of the few-mode fiber of the mode interferometer and the state of the polarization controller, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and flexible wavelength interval tuning mode, large number of wavelength interval tuning, high stability of output laser and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication, and particularly relates to a dual-wavelength optical fiber laser based on a mode interferometer.
Background
Microwave photonics has wide application prospects in the fields of optical fiber wireless communication, broadband wireless access, optical fiber sensing and the like, and generation of microwave signals with tunable frequency is an important problem. In the microwave signal generation method, the method for generating the microwave signal based on the beat frequency of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is one of effective methods, the method flexibly tunes the frequency of the generated microwave signal by adjusting the wavelength interval of the dual-wavelength fiber laser, and has the advantages of low system complexity, low power loss, low phase noise and the like. However, to realize a dual-wavelength fiber laser with high stability, high side-mode suppression ratio, and multiple wavelength interval tuning, a suitable wavelength selection device and wavelength interval tuning method are critical.
Currently, commonly used wavelength selection devices mainly include a mach-zehnder type interferometer, a michelson type interferometer, a segregant type interferometer, a fabry-perot type interferometer, and the like. The mach-zehnder type interferometer and the michelson type interferometer have large volumes, and the length difference of optical fibers of two transmission paths needs to be strictly controlled to form a proper interference spectrum, otherwise, wavelength selection cannot be realized. The Sagitak interferometer needs to add polarization maintaining fiber or fiber grating in the fiber ring to improve the phase difference of two opposite transmission beams, otherwise, the interferometer cannot form interference to realize wavelength selection. The resonant cavity formed by the reflecting surfaces of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is placed in the air and is easily influenced by the environment, so that the formed interference spectrum is unstable. At present, methods for realizing wavelength interval tuning mainly comprise stress and temperature tuning, band-pass filter tuning, polarization controller tuning and the like. With the current wavelength interval tuning method, the number of the obtained wavelength intervals is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer, the mode interferometer is formed by two modes in a single few-mode fiber core, 31 wavelength interval tuning of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is realized by jointly adjusting the length of the few-mode fiber of the mode interferometer and the state of a polarization controller, and the dual-wavelength fiber laser has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and flexible wavelength interval tuning modes, large number of wavelength interval tuning, high stability of output laser and the like. The method for generating the microwave signals based on the beat frequency of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is one of effective methods for generating the microwave signals, the dual-wavelength fiber laser with the tunable wavelength interval can generate microwave signals with more frequencies, and the method has a good application prospect in the field of microwave photonics.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer is shown in a system block diagram of a figure 1 and comprises a pumping source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, an erbium-doped fiber 3, an optical isolator 4, a mode interferometer 5, a polarization controller 6, an optical coupler 7 and a spectrometer 8; pumping light output by a pumping source 1 is input into an erbium-doped fiber 3 after passing through a wavelength division multiplexer 2, then is sequentially input into an optical isolator 4, a mode interferometer 5 and a polarization controller 6, is output into a spectrometer 8 through an optical fiber coupler 7, and the wavelength lasing condition of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is displayed by the spectrometer 8;
the structure of the mode interferometer 5 is shown in fig. 2, and includes a few-mode long-period fiber grating 51, a few-mode fiber 52, and a single-mode fiber 53; an output port of the optical isolator 4 is connected with an input port of the few-mode long-period fiber grating 51, an output port of the few-mode long-period fiber grating 51 is connected with an input port of the few-mode fiber 52, an output port of the few-mode fiber 52 is connected with an input port of the single-mode fiber 53, and an output port of the single-mode fiber 53 is connected with an input port of the polarization controller 6.
The pump source 1 outputs 980nm pump light.
The gain range of the erbium-doped fiber 3 is 1530-1570 nm.
The period of the few-mode long-period fiber grating 51 is 1100 mu m, and the length is 45 mm.
The core and cladding diameters of the few-mode fiber 52 are 18.5 μm and 125 μm, respectively, and the effective refractive indices of the core and cladding at 1550nm are 1.4632 and 1.4571, respectively.
The splitting ratio of the optical fiber coupler 7 is 50: 50.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the present invention employs a mode interferometer as a wavelength selective device, the structure of which is shown in fig. 2. Mode interferometer composed of LP01And LP11Interference implementation in which few-mode optical fiberThe core and cladding diameters are 18.5 μm and 125 μm respectively, the effective refractive indices of the core and cladding at 1550nm are 1.4632 and 1.4571 respectively, and a long-period fiber grating having a period of 1100 μm and a length of 45mm is written on the few-mode fiber. According to the phase matching condition of the few-mode long-period fiber grating, if the phase matching condition shown in formula (1) is met between two different fiber core modules in the few-mode fiber, strong coupling between the two modes can be realized.
In the formula, λDAnd Λ are respectively the resonant wavelength and period of the few-mode long-period fiber grating,
is the effective refractive index of two core modes in the few-mode optical fiber, delta neffIs the difference in effective refractive index of the two core modes. Theoretical calculation shows that when the period of the few-mode long-period fiber grating is 1100 microns and the length is 45mm, LP can be realized01To LP11Mode conversion, FIG. 3 is the transmission spectrum of the few-mode long period fiber grating.
As shown in fig. 2, a few-mode fiber is fused to one side of the few-mode long-period fiber grating, and after passing through the few-mode long-period fiber grating, the light beam is converted into LP01And LP11And the mode and the propagation constants of the two modes are different, so that when the optical fiber is transmitted in the few-mode optical fiber with the length of L, the relative phase of the light beam is changed in the propagation process, mode interference occurs at the welding point of the few-mode optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber, and the Mach-Zehnder mode interferometer in the optical fiber is formed. The wavelength interval of the transmission spectrum is expressed as:
Δλ＝λ2/ΔneffL (2)
wherein L is the length of the few-mode fiber, λ is the transmission wavelength, Δ neffIs the difference in effective refractive index of the two core modes. Equation (2), also called the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum, shows from equation (2) that when the effective refractive index difference Δ n between the two core modes is largeeffAnd transmission wavelengthWith a certain lambda, the size of the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum is only inversely proportional to the length L of the few-mode fiber, due to the LP excited by the few-mode long-period fiber grating01And LP11The effective refractive index difference of the modes is certain, so that the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum can be changed by changing the length of the few-mode fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention relates to a dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer, which utilizes two modes in a single few-mode fiber core to form the mode interferometer, realizes 31 wavelength interval tuning of the dual-wavelength fiber laser by jointly adjusting the length of the few-mode fiber of the mode interferometer and the state of a polarization controller, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and flexible wavelength interval tuning modes, large number of wavelength interval tuning, high stability of output laser and the like. The method for generating the microwave signals based on the beat frequency of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is one of effective methods for generating the microwave signals, the dual-wavelength fiber laser with the tunable wavelength interval is expected to generate microwave signals with more frequencies, and has a good application prospect in the field of microwave photonics.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer;
FIG. 2: a schematic diagram of a mode interferometer structure;
FIG. 3: the transmission spectrum of the few-mode long-period fiber grating;
FIG. 4: interference spectrum of the mode interferometer under different few-mode fiber lengths and different polarization states;
wherein, (a) is the transmission spectrum of the mode interferometer under different polarization states with the length of the few-mode fiber being 134 cm; (b) the length of the few-mode fiber is 583cm, and the transmission spectrum of the mode interferometer is obtained under different polarization states; (c) the length of the few-mode optical fiber is 1021cm, and the transmission spectrum of the mode interferometer is under different polarization states;
FIG. 5: the length of the few-mode fiber is 583cm, the polarization controller is respectively in three different states, and the wavelength of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is excited by the mode interferometer;
wherein, when (a) is A is 14 degrees, B is 0 degrees and C is 47 degrees (namely the polarization controller is in a state in an inset picture), the lasing wavelengths are 1557.9nm and 1559.9nm respectively, and the wavelength interval is 2.0 nm; (b) when B is 112 degrees and A, C is 0 degrees (namely the polarization controller is in the state of an inset picture), the lasing wavelengths are 1557.9nm and 1561.1nm respectively, and the wavelength interval is 3.2 nm; (c) at-27 deg.C and 0 deg.C A, B (i.e. with the polarization controller in the state of the inset), the lasing wavelengths were 1561.1nm and 1564.7nm, respectively, with a wavelength separation of 3.6 nm.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore, the following embodiments are only used as examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Example 1
The invention establishes a dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer, and the system block diagram of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is shown in figure 1 and comprises a pumping source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, an erbium-doped fiber 3, an optical isolator 4, a mode interferometer 5, a polarization controller 6, an optical coupler 7 and a spectrometer 8; the pumping light output by the pumping source 1 is input into the erbium-doped fiber 3 through the wavelength division multiplexer 2, then sequentially input into the optical isolator 4, the mode interferometer 5 and the polarization controller 6, and output into the spectrometer 8 through the fiber coupler 7, and the spectrometer 8 displays the wavelength lasing condition of the dual-wavelength fiber laser.
The structure of the mode interferometer 5 is shown in fig. 2, and includes a few-mode long-period fiber grating 51, a few-mode fiber 52, and a single-mode fiber 53; an output port of the optical isolator 4 is connected with an input port of the few-mode long-period fiber grating 51, an output port of the few-mode long-period fiber grating 51 is connected with an input port of the few-mode fiber 52, an output port of the few-mode fiber 52 is connected with an input port of the single-mode fiber 53, and an output port of the single-mode fiber 53 is connected with an input port of the polarization controller 6.
The control principle of the invention is as follows: the laser is in an annular cavity structure and comprises a 980nm pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped optical fiber, an optical fiber isolator, a polarization controller, a mode interferometer and a 50:50 optical fiber coupler. The erbium-doped fiber provides a gain medium in the annular resonant cavity, the fiber isolator ensures unidirectional transmission of light in the annular resonant cavity, the polarization controller controls the polarization state of light in the annular resonant cavity, the gain and loss in the cavity are balanced, and dual-wavelength laser is output by one output end of the 50:50 fiber coupler.
From the formula (2), when the effective refractive index difference Δ n between the two core modes is largereffAnd when the transmission wavelength lambda is fixed, the wavelength interval of the transmission spectrum is only inversely proportional to the length L of the few-mode fiber, due to the LP excited by the few-mode long-period fiber grating01And LP11The effective refractive index difference of the modes is fixed, so that changing the length of the few-mode fiber can change the wavelength interval of the transmission spectrum. Fig. 4 shows the transmission spectrum of the mode interferometer in different few-mode fiber lengths and different polarization states, fig. 4(a) shows the transmission spectrum of the mode interferometer in different polarization states with a few-mode fiber length of 134cm, and fig. 4(b) shows the transmission spectrum of the mode interferometer in different polarization states with a few-mode fiber length of 583 cm. FIG. 4(c) is the transmission spectrum of a mode interferometer at different polarization states for a few-mode fiber length of 1021 cm.
As shown in fig. 4, in the case of changing the state of the polarization controller, the power change of the transmission spectrum at different wavelengths is anisotropic, the few-mode long-period fiber grating has a large polarization dependence, and the gain and loss at different wavelengths in the laser cavity are balanced by adjusting the polarization controller to change the polarization state in the laser cavity, so that different lasing wavelengths of the dual-wavelength fiber laser can be realized. When the gain at a certain wavelength is dominant compared to the corresponding loss, this wavelength will form a lasing. Therefore, when the gain and loss at two certain wavelengths reach the equilibrium state by adjusting the polarization controller, the dual-wavelength laser output can be obtained. FIG. 5 shows the wavelength lasing condition of a dual-wavelength fiber laser when the few-mode fiber has a length of 583cm and the polarization controller is in three different states. The three deflection heads of the polarization controller are respectively set to be A, B, C, the deflection heads are perpendicular to the table top and rotate clockwise to 0-180 degrees and rotate anticlockwise to 0-180 degrees. In FIG. 5(a), when A is 14 °, B is 0 °, and C is 47 ° (i.e., the polarization controller is in the state of the insert diagram), the lasing wavelengths are 1557.9nm and 1559.9nm, respectively, and the wavelength interval is 2.0 nm. In FIG. 5(B), when B is 112 ° and A, C is 0 ° (i.e. the polarization controller is in the state of the inset), the lasing wavelengths are 1557.9nm and 1561.1nm, respectively, and the wavelength interval is 3.2 nm. In FIG. 5(C), when C is-27 ° and A, B is 0 ° (i.e. the polarization controller is in the state of the inset), the lasing wavelengths are 1561.1nm and 1564.7nm, respectively, and the wavelength interval is 3.6 nm. The line width of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is less than 0.1nm, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 40 dB. As can be seen from fig. 5, the wavelength interval can be tuned by changing the state of the polarization controller without changing the length of the few-mode fiber.
LP excited by few-mode long-period fiber grating01And LP11The effective refractive index difference of the modes is certain, the length of the few-mode fiber is only in inverse proportion to the size of the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum, namely the longer the length of the few-mode fiber is, the smaller the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum is, and the more transmission peaks formed by mode interference are in a certain wavelength range, as shown in fig. 4. Varying the few-mode fiber length can vary the wavelength separation between transmission peaks formed by mode interference. Therefore, by jointly adjusting the few-mode fiber length and the polarization controller state of the mode interferometer, the dual-wavelength fiber laser can realize more wavelength interval tuning, and table 1 shows the Wavelength Interval (WI) change condition of the dual-wavelength fiber laser under different few-mode fiber lengths (L) and polarization States (SOP).
TABLE 1 Wavelength Interval (WI) variation of dual-wavelength fiber laser under different few-mode fiber length (L) and polarization State (SOP) conditions
The invention utilizes two modes in a single few-mode fiber core to form the mode interferometer, realizes the interval tuning of 31 wavelengths of the dual-wavelength fiber laser by jointly adjusting the length of the few-mode fiber of the mode interferometer and the state of the polarization controller, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and flexible wavelength interval tuning mode, large number of wavelength interval tuning, high stability of output laser and the like. The method for generating the microwave signals based on the beat frequency of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is one of effective methods for generating the microwave signals, the dual-wavelength fiber laser with the tunable wavelength interval is expected to generate microwave signals with more frequencies, and has a good application prospect in the field of microwave photonics.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer is characterized by comprising a pumping source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an erbium-doped fiber (3), an optical isolator (4), a mode interferometer (5), a polarization controller (6), a fiber coupler (7) and a spectrometer (8); pumping light output by a pumping source (1) is input into an erbium-doped fiber (3) through a wavelength division multiplexer (2), then sequentially input into an optical isolator (4), a mode interferometer (5) and a polarization controller (6), and output into a spectrometer (8) through an optical fiber coupler (7), and the wavelength lasing condition of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is displayed by the spectrometer (8);
the mode interferometer (5) comprises a few-mode long-period fiber grating (51), a few-mode fiber (52) and a single-mode fiber (53); the output of the optical isolator (4)An output port is connected with an input port of the few-mode long-period fiber grating (51), an output port of the few-mode long-period fiber grating (51) is connected with an input port of the few-mode fiber (52), an output port of the few-mode fiber (52) is connected with an input port of the single-mode fiber (53), and an output port of the single-mode fiber (53) is connected with an input port of the polarization controller (6); a few-mode fiber is welded on one side of the few-mode long-period fiber grating, and after passing through the few-mode long-period fiber grating, the light beam is converted into LP01And LP11And the mode, because the propagation constants of the two modes are different, when the optical fiber with the length of L is transmitted in the few-mode optical fiber, the relative phase of the light beam is changed in the propagation process, so that mode interference occurs at the welding point of the few-mode optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber.
2. A dual wavelength fiber laser based on a mode interferometer according to claim 1, wherein the pump source (1) outputs 980nm pump light.
3. A dual wavelength fiber laser based on mode interferometer according to claim 1, wherein the gain range of the erbium doped fiber (3) is 1530-1570 nm.
4. A dual wavelength fiber laser based on mode interferometer according to claim 1, wherein the few-mode long period fiber grating (51) has a period of 1100 μm and a length of 45 mm.
5. A dual wavelength fiber laser based on mode interferometer according to claim 1, wherein the few-mode fiber (52) has core and cladding diameters of 18.5 μm and 125 μm, respectively, and the core and cladding effective indices at 1550nm are 1.4632 and 1.4571, respectively.
6. A dual wavelength fiber laser based on mode interferometer according to claim 1, wherein the fiber coupler (7) has a splitting ratio of 50: 50.
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