CN112686492B - Method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risk of SCR denitration catalyst of power plant - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risk of SCR denitration catalyst of power plant Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 108700018263 Brassica oleracea SCR Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risk of an SCR denitration catalyst of a power plant, which comprises the following steps: step one, taking an actual operation ash sample from an SCR denitration inlet and outlet of a power plant; step two, preparing a catalyst test sample and a comparison sample, and respectively weighing and recording; step three, testing the bonding coefficient of fly ash; and step four, measuring the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst according to the fly ash bonding coefficient obtained in the step three. According to the method for comprehensively evaluating the ash blocking risk of the SCR denitration catalyst of the power plant, the fly ash binding coefficient is measured to represent the binding characteristic of the fly ash, and the comprehensive ash blocking risk index of the catalyst of the power plant is calculated by introducing the catalyst length, the aperture ratio, the annual average smoke volume of the power plant, the sectional area of the SCR denitration reactor of the power plant, the annual average utilization hour number of the power plant and the like, so that a basis is provided for the design selection of the catalyst and denitration equipment, and the ash blocking risk in the later operation is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of SCR denitration, and particularly relates to a method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risk of an SCR denitration catalyst of a power plant.
Background
With the increasing severity of current environmental policies, ultra-low emissions from power plants have entered the mature stage. The mainstream nitrogen oxide removal technology at present is SCR denitration. The core component of SCR denitration is a catalyst. One of the most important deactivation reasons of SCR denitration catalysts is the covering of fly ash in flue gas, and the fly ash causes the blocking of catalyst pore channels in the macroscopic view, reduces the reaction area of the catalyst, and the active sites are occupied by the fly ash in the microscopic view and lose the catalytic capability. Analysis from the unit parameters: the flue gas amount of the unit, the air tower flow velocity of the reactor, the uniformity of the flow field and the like all have influences on fly ash deposition. Analysis from fly ash: the components, particle size, concentration and running speed of the fly ash all have an effect on the adhesion of the fly ash on the catalyst; analysis from the catalyst: the form, length, pore size, pitch, etc. of the catalyst will also determine the extent to which the catalyst is covered by ash.
At present, no clear method is available for evaluating the risk of catalyst ash blocking, and catalyst manufacturers often design catalyst types only according to ash concentration provided by a power plant, so that the power plant is in operation, a large amount of catalyst blocking caused by fly ash causes deactivation, and the standard emission cases of nitrogen oxides of the power plant are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risks of an SCR denitration catalyst of a power plant.
In order to achieve the above purpose and achieve the above technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risk of an SCR denitration catalyst of a power plant comprises the following steps:
step one, taking an actual operation ash sample from an SCR denitration inlet and outlet of a power plant, removing impurities, drying, and naturally cooling for later use;
step two, preparing a catalyst test sample and a comparison sample, drying, naturally cooling, weighing at room temperature and recording;
step three, measuring the fly ash binding coefficient
The catalyst test sample and the comparison sample are respectively placed in a test sample bin and a comparison sample bin, the air flow containing the fly ash obtained in the step one is introduced into the test sample bin, the air flow not containing the fly ash obtained in the step one is introduced into the comparison sample bin at the same speed, the air flow is not contained in the comparison sample bin, the air flow time is 4-6 hours, and after the test is finished, the samples in the test sample bin and the comparison sample bin are taken out, weighed and recorded respectively, and the fly ash bonding coefficient is obtained through the test;
and step four, measuring the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst according to the fly ash bonding coefficient obtained in the step three.
In the first step, the actual operation ash sample is taken from the SCR denitration inlet and outlet of the power plant, and is filtered by a 80-100 mesh screen, dried for 3-5 hours at 105-110 ℃, and then is placed in a dryer for natural cooling, so as to prepare for measurement.
Further, in the third step, the fly ash bonding coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
N=(M 2 /M 1 ×M 3 /M 4 -1)×100
wherein:
n: fly ash binding coefficient;
M 1 : catalyst test sample mass before test;
M 2 : weight of the catalyst test sample after testing;
M 3 : comparing the quality of the sample before testing;
M 4 : quality after test of the comparative sample.
Further, in the fourth step, the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:
j: the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst;
n: fly ash binding coefficient;
a. b, c and d are influence weight coefficients, and are determined according to mass experimental data accumulation and laboratory database analysis and according to current data accumulation and experimental statistics, wherein a=1.6, b=0.33, c=1.45 and d=1.7;
L 0 : length of standard catalyst sample, where L 0 =300mm;
L: the length of the catalyst monomer actually used by the power plant;
V 0 : experimental flue gas flow rate of fly ash binding coefficient, wherein V 0 =4~6m/s;
V: the average flow rate of actual flue gas of the power plant;
epsilon: the aperture ratio of the catalyst actually used by the power plant;
ε 0 : standard test sample aperture ratio epsilon 0 =74.6%, including control and test samples.
Further, the actual flue gas average flow velocity V of the power plant is calculated according to the following formula:
V=Q/S/H/3600
wherein:
v: the average flow rate of actual flue gas of the power plant;
q: annual average smoke volume of the power plant;
h: average annual power plant utilization hours;
s: sectional area of SCR denitration reactor of power plant.
If the power plant is a double reactor, the flue gas amount needs to be divided by 2, namely the actual flue gas average flow velocity V of the power plant is calculated according to the following formula:
V=Q/S/H/3600/2。
further, the aperture ratio of the catalyst is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:
epsilon: the aperture ratio of the catalyst actually used by the power plant
D: average pore diameter of catalyst actually used in power plant
m: number of holes in a row on end face of catalyst unit body for practical use in power plant
l: cross-sectional length of catalyst for practical use in power plant
w: the power plant actually uses the catalyst cross-sectional width.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risk of an SCR denitration catalyst of a power plant, which comprises the following steps: step one, taking an actual operation ash sample from an SCR denitration inlet and outlet of a power plant, removing impurities, drying, and naturally cooling for later use; step two, preparing a catalyst test sample and a comparison sample, and respectively weighing and recording; measuring the bonding coefficient of the fly ash: the catalyst test sample and the comparison sample are respectively placed in a test sample bin and a comparison sample bin, the air flow containing the fly ash obtained in the step one is introduced into the test sample bin, the air flow not containing the fly ash obtained in the step one is introduced into the comparison sample bin at the same speed, the fly ash is not contained in the comparison sample bin, after the test is finished, the samples in the test sample bin and the comparison sample bin are taken out, weighed and recorded respectively, and the fly ash bonding coefficient is obtained through the test; and step four, measuring the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst according to the fly ash bonding coefficient obtained in the step three. According to the method for comprehensively evaluating the ash blocking risk of the power plant SCR denitration catalyst, the fly ash binding coefficient is measured to represent the binding characteristic of the fly ash, on the basis of measuring the fly ash binding coefficient, the comprehensive ash blocking risk index of the power plant catalyst is obtained through comprehensive calculation of the introduced catalyst length L, the aperture epsilon, the annual average smoke quantity Q of the power plant, the sectional area S of the power plant SCR denitration reactor, the annual average utilization or the operation hours H of the power plant and the like, a power plant catalyst comprehensive ash blocking risk model is established, mass data accumulation is carried out, a basis is provided for designing the catalyst (the aperture number and the plate spacing) and denitration equipment selection (flow rate design, soot blowing measures and the like), and the ash blocking risk in later operation is reduced; the comprehensive ash deposition risk index of the power plant catalyst is low risk between 0 and 1, medium risk between 1 and 3, and high risk more than 3, the popularization of the method is convenient for the power plant to adjust the catalyst selection and the operation parameters in time, and the method has strong practical guidance.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail so that the advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the scope of the present invention.
A method for comprehensively evaluating ash blocking risk of an SCR denitration catalyst of a power plant comprises the following steps:
1) Characterization of fly ash binding coefficient
1.1 Fly ash sample preparation
Referring to GBT16913-2008 of dust physical property test method, taking 1Kg of actual operation ash sample from SCR denitration inlet and outlet of a power plant, removing impurities from the ash sample through 80-100 mesh (180 μm) standard sieve, drying at 105-110 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then placing in a dryer for natural cooling to prepare for measurement.
1.2 Standard catalyst sample preparation
The catalysts used in power plants are mainly of two types: honeycomb and plate. In order to improve the practicability, the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of a plate type standard sample aiming at the power plant using the plate type catalyst.
The honeycomb catalyst adopts 18 holes, the aperture is 7.2mm, the wall thickness is 1mm, the section size is 50mm, and the length is 300mm; the plate catalyst was cut to the same regular standard as the honeycomb catalyst using a 7mm pitch.
Two identical samples with the same length and width are cut from the same standard sample of the honeycomb catalyst or the plate-type catalyst and are respectively used as a test sample and a comparison sample, and the test samples and the comparison samples are placed in a constant-temperature oven at 105+/-2 ℃ to be dried for 2 hours, taken out, naturally cooled to room temperature, weighed and recorded for standby.
1.3 Test parameters and flow
Filling a comparison sample and a test sample into a comparison sample bin and a test sample bin on a test bed, sealing the peripheries of the comparison sample bin and the test sample bin, and then respectively introducing air flow with the same flow rate into pipelines communicated with the comparison sample bin and the test sample bin, wherein the flow rate in the pipelines is 5m/s (the speed close to the speed of actual flue gas flowing through a denitration catalyst), the air flow flowing through the test sample bin contains fly ash actually selected by a power plant, the comparison sample bin is free of fly ash, and the test duration is 4-6 h; after the test is completed, the two samples in the comparison sample bin and the test sample bin are taken out for weighing again, and the test sample needs to be prevented from falling off due to the adhered fly ash.
The fly ash binding coefficient is obtained according to the following calculation formula:
N=(M 2 /M 1 ×M 3 /M 4 -1)×100 (1)
wherein:
n is the adhesion coefficient of fly ash%
M 1 : test sample Pre-test Mass g
M 2 : test sample weight g after test
M 3 : comparison of sample Pre-test Mass g
M 4 : comparative sample post test mass g
The fly ash cohesion coefficient obtained by the above calculation method reflects the cohesion of the catalyst sample by the unit mass of fly ash. The index reflects the relative cohesiveness of the fly ash, with a larger value for the coefficient of cohesiveness indicating a higher degree of cohesiveness of the fly ash, and a greater propensity for catalyst fouling and plugging.
2) Average flow velocity measurement
The average flow rate is determined by the following formula:
V=Q/S/H/3600 (2)
wherein:
v: actual flue gas average flow velocity m/s of power plant
Q: annual average smoke volume of power plant
H: annual average utilization hours of power plant
S: the sectional area of an SCR denitration reactor of a power plant;
it should be noted that, the formula (2) is specific to a single SCR reactor power plant, and if the power plant is a double reactor, the flue gas amount needs to be divided by 2, that is, the actual flue gas average flow velocity V of the power plant is calculated according to the following formula (21):
V=Q/S/H/3600/2 (21)
the larger the actual flue gas average flow velocity of the power plant, the smaller the ash deposition risk.
3) Catalyst length
Standard catalyst sample length L when testing fly ash binding coefficient 0 300mm. While the longer the catalyst length, the greater the risk of ash buildup.
4) Open pore ratio of catalyst
The pore diameter of the standard catalyst sample is 7mm, the wall thickness is 1mm, and the aperture ratio epsilon 0 (the open cell content of the standard test sample, including the comparative sample and the test sample) was 74.6%. The aperture ratio is calculated by the formula such asThe following steps:
wherein:
epsilon: percentage of open area of actual catalyst in power plant
D: average pore diameter of catalyst in actual use in power plant
m: number of holes in a row on end face of catalyst unit body for practical use in power plant
l: the section length of the catalyst for practical use in power plants is mm
w: the section width of the catalyst actually used by the power plant is mm.
The larger the actual catalyst epsilon is selected by the power plant, the smaller the ash blocking risk is.
5) Influence of soot blowing device
The current actual power plants are basically provided with soot blowing devices, and most of the power plants are normally used according to the requirements of manufacturers, and influences of the soot blowing devices are ignored.
6) Ash accumulation risk index (dimensionless number)
Firstly, actually taking an ash sample at an SCR denitration outlet of a power plant, and testing an ash bonding coefficient N; then, the above influencing factors are substituted into the following risk calculation formula (4), so that the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst can be obtained. Theoretically, the higher the ash bond, the greater its adhesion quality through the catalyst. Fly ash cohesiveness was evaluated by testing the catalyst for poor front-to-back quality of the standard sample.
Wherein:
j: the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst;
n: fly ash binding coefficient;
a. b, c and d are influence weight coefficients, and are determined according to mass experimental data accumulation and laboratory database analysis, and a=1.6, b=0.33, c=1.45 and d=1.7 according to current data accumulation and experimental statistics;
L 0 : length of standard catalyst sample, where L 0 =300mm;
L: the length of the catalyst monomer actually used by the power plant;
V 0 : experimental flue gas flow rate of fly ash binding coefficient, wherein V 0 =4~6m/s;
V: the average flow rate of actual flue gas of the power plant;
epsilon: the aperture ratio of the catalyst actually used by the power plant;
ε 0 : standard test sample aperture ratio epsilon 0 =74.6%, including control and test samples.
Power plant a: n=1.03%, L 0 =800 mm, v=4.7 m/s, ε=78.6%, so the comprehensive ash blocking risk index of the comprehensive calculation power plant A is J A =0.37。
Power plant B, n=3.76%, L 0 1000mm, v=4.3 m/s, ε=72.1%, so the comprehensive ash blocking risk index of the comprehensive calculation power plant B is J B =2.59。
Conclusion: the ash deposit risk index is low risk between 0 and 1, medium risk between 1 and 3, and high risk > 3. The power plant calculates the ash accumulation risk index and timely adjusts the catalyst model selection and the operation parameters, and the method has strong practical guidance.
The part of the invention which is not specifically described is only required to adopt the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related arts are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for comprehensively evaluating the ash blocking risk of the SCR denitration catalyst of the power plant is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, taking an actual operation ash sample from an SCR denitration inlet and outlet of a power plant, removing impurities, drying, and naturally cooling for later use;
step two, preparing a catalyst test sample and a comparison sample, drying, naturally cooling, weighing at room temperature and recording;
step three, measuring the fly ash binding coefficient
The catalyst test sample and the comparison sample are respectively placed in a test sample bin and a comparison sample bin, the air flow containing the fly ash obtained in the step one is introduced into the test sample bin, the air flow not containing the fly ash obtained in the step one is introduced into the comparison sample bin at the same speed, the introduction time is 4-6 hours, after the test is finished, the samples in the test sample bin and the comparison sample bin are taken out, respectively weighed and recorded, and the fly ash bonding coefficient is obtained through the test;
step four, determining the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst according to the fly ash bonding coefficient obtained in the step three;
in the third step, the fly ash bonding coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
N=(M 2 /M 1 ×M 3 /M 4 -1)×100
wherein:
n: fly ash binding coefficient;
M 1 : catalyst test sample mass before test;
M 2 : weight of the catalyst test sample after testing;
M 3 : comparing the quality of the sample before testing;
M 4 : comparing the quality of the sample after test;
in the fourth step, the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:
j: the comprehensive ash accumulation risk index of the power plant catalyst;
n: fly ash binding coefficient;
a. b, c and d are influence weight coefficients, and are determined according to mass experimental data accumulation and laboratory database analysis and according to current data accumulation and experimental statistics, wherein a=1.6, b=0.33, c=1.45 and d=1.7;
L 0 : length of standard catalyst sample, where L 0 =300mm;
L: the length of the catalyst monomer actually used by the power plant;
V 0 : experimental flue gas flow rate of fly ash binding coefficient, wherein V 0 4-6 m/s;
v: the average flow rate of actual flue gas of the power plant;
epsilon: the aperture ratio of the catalyst actually used by the power plant;
ε 0 : standard test sample aperture ratio epsilon 0 =74.6%;
The actual flue gas average flow velocity V of the power plant is calculated according to the following formula:
V=Q/S/H/3600
wherein:
v: the average flow rate of actual flue gas of the power plant;
q: annual average smoke volume of the power plant;
h: average annual power plant utilization hours;
s: the sectional area of an SCR denitration reactor of a power plant;
the aperture ratio of the catalyst is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:
epsilon: the aperture ratio of the catalyst actually used by the power plant;
d: average pore diameter of catalyst actually used by power plant;
m: the number of holes in a row on the end face of the catalyst unit body in actual use of the power plant;
l: the section length of the catalyst actually used by the power plant;
w: the section width of the catalyst actually used by the power plant;
the ash deposit risk index is low risk between 0 and 1, medium risk between 1 and 3, and high risk > 3.
2. The method for comprehensively evaluating the ash blocking risk of the power plant SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, an actual operation ash sample is taken from an SCR denitration inlet and an SCR denitration outlet of the power plant, passes through a 80-100-mesh screen, is dried for 3-5 hours at 105-110 ℃, and is then placed in a dryer for natural cooling to prepare for measurement.
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