CN112684380B - Substation direct current level assessment method based on geodetic data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transformer substation direct current level assessment method based on geodetic data, which comprises the following specific steps: step 1, performing field measurement by using an MT method to obtain magnetotelluric data; step 2, processing the obtained data to obtain the earth resistivity; step 3, comparing the obtained earth resistivity with the existing geological model, if the obtained earth resistivity accords with the existing geological model, indicating that the obtained earth resistivity model is reliable, and if the obtained earth resistivity does not accord with the existing geological model, returning to the step 1 for re-measurement; step 4, calculating the earth surface potential by using the obtained geoelectric model so as to calculate the direct current; step 5, comparing the direct current with monitoring data actually provided by the transformer substation, and judging whether the model is correct or not; and 6, predicting and evaluating the direct current flowing through each transformer substation. The method solves the problem that the grounding electrical property structure cannot be accurately obtained in the current transformer direct-current magnetic bias calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safe operation of power systems, and relates to a transformer substation direct current level assessment method based on geodetic data.
Background
The extra/extra-high voltage direct current transmission system usually adopts a ground return mode, so that ground current can be generated in a certain area around a converter station, and a part of ground current can flow through a transformer winding through a transformer neutral point and a transmission line, so that the over-excitation phenomenon of a transformer core can be caused in each half period of the working frequency. This phenomenon, known as dc bias, causes high distortion of the exciting current of the transformer, and generates a large number of harmonic components, thereby increasing the loss of the transformer, increasing the temperature, and being affected by the excessive saturation of the core. Therefore, the calculation of the direct current size of the extra/extra-high voltage direct current transmission to the ground and the analysis of the distribution of the large network are particularly important. The method is used for general investigation and analysis of direct current magnetic bias sensitive soil parameters, and is a basis for developing ultra/extra-high voltage direct current transmission and analyzing the influence of the ultra/extra-high voltage direct current transmission on an alternating current power grid.
Most students do many researches on the calculation of the magnitude of the earth-entering current, but the researches on the aspect of combining the magnetotelluric property with the calculation of the magnitude of the current to form a whole set of prediction system are less, and the method is combined with magnetotelluric property to study the prediction method of the direct current magnetic bias sensitive source in the ultra/extra-high voltage alternating current/direct current hybrid power grid, so that errors caused by using a single soil model can be avoided, and the measurement result is more accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transformer substation direct current level assessment method based on geodetic data, which adopts a geodetic data method (MT method) to obtain geodetic magnetic data, can avoid errors generated by using a single soil model, and enables measurement results to be more accurate.
The technical proposal adopted by the invention is that,
a transformer substation direct current level assessment method based on geodetic data specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing field measurement by using an MT method to obtain magnetotelluric data;
step 2, processing the obtained data to obtain the earth resistivity;
step 3, comparing the obtained earth resistivity with the existing geological model, namely, the soil property, if the obtained earth resistivity accords with the existing geological model, indicating that the obtained earth resistivity model is reliable, and if the obtained earth resistivity does not accord with the existing geological model, returning to the step 1 for re-measurement;
step 4, calculating the earth surface potential by using the obtained geoelectric model so as to calculate the direct current;
step 5, comparing the direct current with the monitoring data actually provided by the transformer substation, if the error is less than or equal to 3A, indicating that the calculation model is correctly selected, and if the error is more than 3A, returning to the step 4 to reselect and calculate the earth surface potential model;
and 6, predicting the direct current flowing through each transformer substation, and if the direct current exceeds the rated current value of the main transformer of the transformer substation, carrying out important monitoring on the transformer substation and installing a related direct current suppression device.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the in-situ measurement step of the MT method adopted in the step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1, burying 3 electrode magnetic rods for measuring electric field components into the underground 40cm along the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a Z axis respectively, keeping the electrode body vertical, wherein the distance between the electrode magnetic rods and the center point of the cross is 100m, and burying the electrodes to avoid tree rock bodies so that the grounding resistance is less than 2kΩ;
step 1.2, after the arrangement of the electrode magnetic bars is finished, measuring the potential difference between the corresponding electrodes, and if the potential difference is more than 150mV, indicating that the electromagnetic interference of the area is larger, and selecting the points again to arrange the stations;
step 1.3, deep digging pits in the north and south directions and in the east-west directions, putting the magnetic rod into the pits, adjusting the position of the magnetic rod by using a level gauge and a level ruler, and lightly covering soil on the magnetic rod; the electrode wire is a shielding wire, and meanwhile, the shielding wire is prevented from suspending, shaking and cutting magnetic force lines, induced current is generated, pneumatic interference is caused, the measuring wire and the magnetic probe wiring are all arranged in a sticking way, and the magnetic rod is far away from the receiver;
and 1.4, after the station distribution is finished, an operator is connected with the instrument through wifi signals by using a notebook computer, selects power frequency filtering of 50Hz according to the required working state of the instrument, starts the instrument to detect each channel of signals, sets a gain value of a preamplifier according to interference signals fed back by the instrument, and then performs magnetotelluric data measurement and stores the magnetotelluric data in a form of CLB and CLC files.
When the step 1 is returned to re-measurement, the interference of external electromagnetic signals is reduced by a method of keeping away from artificial noise, reducing electrode distance error and deep digging a measuring pit, so that the measured earth resistivity is more accurate;
wherein step 2 comprises:
step 2.1, selecting a catalog of the CLB and CLC files containing magnetotelluric data and TSN and TBL data files acquired at measuring points according to storage positions of the CLB and CLC files and the TSN and TBL data files acquired at the measuring points, selecting TBL information files of the measuring points to be processed, and correcting some measuring point information according to a field record book;
step 2.2, setting FFT parameters including input data types, frequency multiplication frequency points, frequency band selection, processing time and the like, and performing fast Fourier transformation after setting to obtain an FC Fourier coefficient file; finally, performing Robust impedance estimation of single point or remote reference according to the requirement to obtain a power spectrum file for converting tensor impedance;
step 2.3, selecting a power spectrum by using MY-Editor software, wherein the apparent resistivity curve is a smooth curve because the resistivity of the underground medium is gradually changed, so that the situation of large rise and fall can not occur, and editing the power spectrum is a process for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and smoothing the curve;
and 2.4, outputting the obtained data into an EXCEL form, and inverting by using software ipi2win to obtain the earth resistivity.
The calculation mode of the surface potential in the step 4 is as follows: excitation with 3000A ground current as a reference can be calculated with complex mirroring, i.e.:
wherein: v is the earth surface potential; complex coefficient eta i Sum mu i The size and position of the ith complex mirror image respectively; n is the number of complex mirror images.
The direct current is calculated by the following steps: when n transformers are provided, the direct current flowing through the transformer i is as shown in formula (2):
wherein V is i And V is equal to m Is the ground potential rise value of the places where the transformers i and m are located, R 1 For each phase of conductor DC resistance, R i And R is R m Neutral point grounding resistances of the transformer i and the transformer m respectively, R Ti And R is R Tm The direct current resistances of each phase winding of the transformer i and the transformer m are respectively.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the existing research, the method can provide on-site data to support the structural parameters of the deep earth resistivity, so that the earth surface potential can be accurately calculated. Taking on-site measurement and inversion of deep earth resistivity near a high-voltage direct-current transmission grounding electrode of a south ditch of Xinjiang-Changji large ditch as an example, researching the influence of the deep earth resistivity on the surface potential distribution under the condition of considering the deep earth resistivity parameter, and the result shows that the calculation result of the direct-current distribution under the condition of considering the deep earth resistivity parameter has higher precision. The prediction method of the direct current magnetic bias sensitive source provides important data support for the site selection of the direct current grounding electrode and the site selection of the alternating current transformer substation, and is beneficial to promoting the development of ultra/extra-high voltage direct current transmission engineering construction and alternating current power grid construction in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method flow chart of a substation DC level assessment method based on geodetic data of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of MT method measurement in a substation DC level evaluation method based on geodetic data;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the grounding electrode of the embodiment 1 of the transformer substation direct current level evaluation method based on the geodetic data on the peripheral transformer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention relates to a transformer substation direct current level evaluation method based on geodetic data, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, performing field measurement by using an MT method to obtain magnetotelluric data;
step 2, the obtained data are processed by software to obtain the earth resistivity;
step 3, comparing the obtained earth resistivity with the existing geological model, namely, the soil property, if the obtained earth resistivity accords with the obtained earth resistivity, the obtained earth resistivity is reliable, if the obtained earth resistivity does not accord with the obtained earth resistivity, returning to the step 1 for re-measurement, and reducing the interference of external electromagnetic signals by methods of keeping away from artificial noise, reducing electrode distance errors, deep digging measuring pits and the like, so that the measured earth resistivity is more accurate;
step 4, calculating the earth surface potential by using the obtained geoelectric model so as to calculate the direct current;
step 5, comparing the direct current with the monitoring data actually provided by the transformer substation, if the error is less than or equal to 3A, indicating that the calculation model is correctly selected, and if the error is more than 3A, returning to the step 4 to reselect and calculate the earth surface potential model;
and 6, predicting the direct current flowing through each transformer substation, and if the direct current exceeds the rated current value of the main transformer of the transformer substation, carrying out important monitoring on the transformer substation and installing a related direct current suppression device.
As shown in fig. 2, the in-situ measurement step of the MT method adopted in step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1, burying 3 electrode magnetic rods for measuring electric field components into the underground 40cm along the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a Z axis respectively, keeping the electrode body vertical, enabling the distance between the electrode magnetic rods and the center point of the cross shape to be 100m, burying the electrodes to avoid tree rock mass, and adopting methods of deep digging electrode pits, removing stones, removing virtual soil, irrigating saline water and the like to enable the grounding resistance to be less than 2kΩ;
step 1.2, after the arrangement of the electrode magnetic bars is finished, measuring the potential difference between the corresponding electrodes, and if the potential difference is more than 150mV, indicating that the electromagnetic interference of the area is larger, and selecting the points again to arrange the stations;
step 1.3, deep digging pits in the north and south directions and in the east-west directions, putting the magnetic rod into the pits, adjusting the position of the magnetic rod by using a level gauge and a level ruler, and lightly covering soil on the magnetic rod; the electrode wire is a shielding wire, and meanwhile, the shielding wire is prevented from suspending, shaking and cutting magnetic force lines, induced current is generated, pneumatic interference is caused, the measuring wire and the magnetic probe wiring are all arranged in a sticking way, and the magnetic rod is far away from the receiver;
and 1.4, after the station distribution is finished, an operator is connected with the instrument through wifi signals by using a notebook computer, selects power frequency filtering of 50Hz according to the required working state of the instrument, starts the instrument to detect each channel of signals, sets a gain value of a preamplifier according to interference signals fed back by the instrument, and then performs magnetotelluric data measurement and stores the magnetotelluric data in a form of CLB and CLC files.
Wherein step 2 comprises:
step 2.1, selecting a catalog of the CLB and CLC files containing magnetotelluric data and TSN and TBL data files acquired at measuring points according to storage positions of the CLB and CLC files and the TSN and TBL data files acquired at the measuring points, selecting TBL information files of the measuring points to be processed, and correcting some measuring point information according to a field record book;
step 2.2, setting FFT parameters including input data types, frequency multiplication frequency points, frequency band selection, processing time and the like, and performing fast Fourier transformation after setting to obtain an FC Fourier coefficient file; finally, performing Robust impedance estimation of single point or remote reference according to the requirement to obtain a power spectrum file for converting tensor impedance;
step 2.3, selecting a power spectrum by using MY-Editor software, wherein the apparent resistivity curve is a smooth curve because the resistivity of the underground medium is gradually changed, so that the situation of large rise and fall can not occur, and editing the power spectrum is a process for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and smoothing the curve;
and 2.4, outputting the obtained data into an EXCEL form, and inverting by using software ipi2win to obtain the earth resistivity.
The calculation mode of the surface potential in the step 4 is as follows: excitation with 3000A ground current as a reference can be calculated with complex mirroring, i.e.:
wherein: v is the earth surface potential; complex coefficient eta i Sum mu i The size and position of the ith complex mirror image respectively; n is the number of complex mirror images.
The direct current is calculated by the following steps: when n transformers are provided, the direct current flowing through the transformer i is:
wherein V is i And V is equal to m Is the ground potential rise value of the places where the transformers i and m are located, R 1 For each phase of conductor DC resistance, R i And R is R m Neutral point grounding resistances of the transformer i and the transformer m respectively, R Ti And R is R Tm The direct current resistances of each phase winding of the transformer i and the transformer m are respectively.
Example 1
Taking an alternating current system near a high-voltage direct current transmission grounding electrode of a south ditch of Xinjiang-Changji, verifying the effectiveness of the method, wherein the grounding electrode of a converter station at a transmitting end of an ultra-high-voltage direct current transmission project of Changji-Guquan + -1100 kV is a grounding electrode address of the grounding electrode of the south ditch.
Step 1, geodetic parameter measurement;
the field arrangement and observation method is as follows:
step 1.1, burying an electrode magnetic rod for measuring the electric field component into the ground along the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a Z axis by about 40cm, arranging an electrode graph on site, wherein the electrode body is kept vertical as shown in fig. 2, and the distance between the electrode magnetic rod and the center point of the cross is 100m. The electrode is buried to avoid the rock mass of the tree, and the methods of deep digging electrode pits, removing stones, removing virtual soil, irrigating saline water and the like are adopted to ensure that the grounding resistance is less than 2kΩ;
step 1.2, after the arrangement of the electrode magnetic bars is finished, measuring the potential difference between the corresponding electrodes, and if the potential difference is more than 150mV, indicating that the electromagnetic interference of the area is larger, and selecting the points again to arrange the stations;
and 1.3, deep digging pits in the north and south directions and in the east-west directions, putting the magnetic rod into the pits, adjusting the position of the magnetic rod by using a level gauge and a level ruler, and lightly covering soil on the magnetic rod. The electrode wire is a shielding wire, and meanwhile, the shielding wire is prevented from suspending, shaking and cutting magnetic force lines, induced current is generated, pneumatic interference is caused, the measuring wire and the magnetic probe wiring are all arranged in a sticking way, and the magnetic rod is far away from the receiver;
and 1.4, after the station is distributed, an operator is connected with the instrument through wifi signals by using a notebook computer, selects 50Hz power frequency filtering according to the required working state of the instrument to be set as an acquisition state, starts the instrument to detect each channel of signals, and sets a gain value of the preamplifier according to interference signals fed back by the instrument. After all the works are confirmed to be correct, the actual observation and recording can be performed.
Step 2, data processing;
the magnetotelluric data processing flow generally comprises two steps, namely, the pre-processing of data and the post-inversion interpretation. The data pre-processing uses SSMT2000 and MT-editor developed by phoenix company, and the software used for inversion is ipi2win. And inverting the apparent resistivity to obtain the earth resistivity of the earth electrode of the major south ditch as follows:
table 1 earth resistivities obtained by inversion
Step 3, comparing the obtained earth resistivity with the existing geological model, namely, the soil property;
as can be seen from Table 1, the measured values are in accordance with the physical structure of the existing georock, which shows that the geological model is reliable and truly reflects the electrical characteristics of the stratum.
Step 4, calculating the earth surface potential by using the obtained geoelectric model so as to calculate the direct current;
step 4.1, earth surface potential calculation:
based on specific data of the direct current grounding electrode of the large south ditch and the transformer substations of 750kv and 220kv within 100km around, simulation calculation is carried out, and the soil potential is shown in table 2.
Table 2 soil potential meter for plant stations around ground electrode
Step 4.2, calculating direct current:
the simulation calculation of the direct current distribution of the transformer substation around the large south ditch grounding electrode and the maximum direct current allowed to flow by each transformer is carried out to obtain a calculation result shown in fig. 3.
Step 5, comparing the calculated direct current with monitoring data actually provided by the transformer substation, and if the error is less than or equal to 3A, indicating that the calculation model is correctly selected;
and 6, data show that in transformers with neutral points grounded within 100km of the grounding electrode of the south ditch, the direct current flowing through the transformer of the flourishing transformer substation is maximum, so that the flourishing transformer substation is regarded as a direct current magnetic bias sensitive source, the flourishing transformer is subjected to key monitoring, and a related direct current suppression device is arranged to treat the direct current magnetic bias.
Claims (1)
1. The transformer substation direct current level assessment method based on the geodetic data is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step 1, performing field measurement by using an MT method to obtain magnetotelluric data;
step 2, processing the obtained data to obtain the earth resistivity;
step 3, comparing the obtained earth resistivity with the existing geological model, namely, the soil property, if the obtained earth resistivity accords with the existing geological model, indicating that the obtained earth resistivity model is reliable, and if the obtained earth resistivity does not accord with the existing geological model, returning to the step 1 for re-measurement;
step 4, calculating the earth surface potential by using the obtained geoelectric model so as to calculate the direct current;
step 5, comparing the direct current with the monitoring data actually provided by the transformer substation, if the error is less than or equal to 3A, indicating that the calculation model is correctly selected, and if the error is more than 3A, returning to the step 4 to reselect and calculate the earth surface potential model;
step 6, predicting the direct current flowing through each transformer substation, and if the direct current exceeds the rated current value of the main transformer of the transformer substation, carrying out important monitoring on the transformer substation and installing a related direct current suppression device;
the in-situ measurement step of the MT method adopted in the step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1, burying 3 electrode magnetic rods for measuring electric field components into the underground 40cm along the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a Z axis respectively, keeping the electrode body vertical, wherein the distance between the electrode magnetic rods and the center point of the cross is 100m, and burying the electrodes to avoid tree rock bodies so that the grounding resistance is less than 2kΩ;
step 1.2, after the arrangement of the electrode magnetic bars is finished, measuring the potential difference between the corresponding electrodes, and if the potential difference is more than 150mV, indicating that the electromagnetic interference of the area is larger, and selecting the points again to arrange the stations;
step 1.3, deep digging pits in the north and south directions and in the east-west directions, putting the magnetic rod into the pits, adjusting the position of the magnetic rod by using a level gauge and a level ruler, and lightly covering soil on the magnetic rod; the electrode wire is a shielding wire, and meanwhile, the shielding wire is prevented from suspending, shaking and cutting magnetic force lines, induced current is generated, pneumatic interference is caused, the measuring wire and the magnetic probe wiring are all arranged in a sticking way, and the magnetic rod is far away from the receiver;
step 1.4, after the station distribution is finished, an operator is connected with an instrument through wifi signals by using a notebook computer, and the working state of the instrument is set to be an acquisition state according to the requirement, power frequency filtering of 50Hz is selected, the instrument is started to detect each channel of signals, gain values of a preamplifier are set according to interference signals fed back by the instrument, and then magnetotelluric data are measured and stored in a form of CLB and CLC files;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, selecting a catalog of the CLB and CLC files containing magnetotelluric data and TSN and TBL data files acquired at measuring points according to storage positions of the CLB and CLC files and the TSN and TBL data files acquired at the measuring points, selecting TBL information files of the measuring points to be processed, and correcting some measuring point information according to a field record book;
step 2.2, setting FFT parameters including input data types, frequency multiplication frequency points, frequency band selection and processing time, and performing fast Fourier transformation after setting to obtain an FC Fourier coefficient file; finally, performing Robust impedance estimation of single point or remote reference according to the requirement to obtain a power spectrum file for converting tensor impedance;
step 2.3, selecting a power spectrum by using MY-Editor software, wherein the apparent resistivity curve is a smooth curve because the resistivity of the underground medium is gradually changed, so that the situation of large rise and fall can not occur, and editing the power spectrum is a process for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and smoothing the curve;
step 2.4, outputting the obtained data into an EXCEL form, and inverting by using software ipi2win to obtain the earth resistivity;
in the step 3, the interference of external electromagnetic signals is reduced by a method of keeping away from artificial noise, reducing electrode distance error and deep digging a measuring pit when the measuring device is put back to the step 1 for re-measurement, so that the measured earth resistivity is more accurate;
the calculation mode of the surface potential in the step 4 is as follows: excitation with 3000A ground current as a reference can be calculated with complex mirroring, i.e.:
wherein: v is the earth surface potential; complex coefficient eta i Sum mu i The size and position of the ith complex mirror image respectively; n is the number of complex mirror images;
the calculation mode of the direct current is as follows: when n transformers are provided, the direct current flowing through the transformer i is as shown in formula (2):
wherein V is i And V is equal to m Is the ground potential rise value of the places where the transformers i and m are located, R l For each phase of conductor DC resistance, R i And R is R m Neutral point grounding resistances of the transformer i and the transformer m respectively, R Ti And R is R Tm The direct current resistances of each phase winding of the transformer i and the transformer m are respectively.
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