CN112683385A - Urban subway bolt device and method for intelligently detecting vibration signals - Google Patents
Urban subway bolt device and method for intelligently detecting vibration signals Download PDFInfo
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- CN112683385A CN112683385A CN202011386568.3A CN202011386568A CN112683385A CN 112683385 A CN112683385 A CN 112683385A CN 202011386568 A CN202011386568 A CN 202011386568A CN 112683385 A CN112683385 A CN 112683385A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an urban subway bolt device capable of intelligently detecting vibration signals. The bolt vibration detection method of the invention comprises the following steps: the piezoelectric sheet generates voltage, the voltage is amplified by the signal processing module and is sent to the voltage sensor; and calculating the vibration amplitude delta (vibration) of the piezoelectric sheet, judging whether the bolt is loosened and the like. This scheme sets up detection module and bolt together, has had the fastening action of bolt and vibration sensor's detection function concurrently, is applicable to this inside vibration range of subway bolt not very much but the very big device that waits of the pressure force that bears to itself, can effectively reflect the comprehensive atress of bolt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bolt vibration detection, in particular to an urban subway bolt device and method for intelligently detecting vibration signals.
Background
With the change of scientific technology, urban subway traffic technology in China is also developing rapidly, wherein the speed and bearing capacity of urban subways are continuously improved, great convenience is brought to our lives, and meanwhile, the requirement on the precision of equipment is high. The bolt connection structure is widely applied to various structures of urban subways and is the most common connection mode among various structures. Most of bolts are loosened firstly and then broken, and the bolt loosening phenomenon caused by various vibrations in the running process of a train is a main bolt failure mode, so that the vibration signals of the bolts are detected in real time, and the reasonable fastening and good locking and loosening prevention of the bolts are one of the most important conditions for ensuring the bolts not to loosen continuously.
At present, the vibration signal detection of most city subway bolts still depends on a handheld vibration measuring instrument, the vibration condition of the bolts is difficult to detect accurately in real time in the mode, a large amount of human resources can be consumed, most of real-time vibration sensors are insufficient in force bearing capacity, the application range is narrow, the association with the bolts is less, and the method is not suitable for the high-scale engineering with large abrasion degree of the city subway.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an urban subway bolt device and method capable of intelligently detecting vibration signals and monitoring bolt loosening conditions in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the urban subway bolt device comprises a bolt rod, wherein the head of the bolt rod is provided with an external thread, the tail of the bolt rod is provided with a bolt head, and a vibration detection device is arranged between the bolt head and the bolt rod; the vibration detection device comprises a piezoelectric plate, a mass block is arranged on the piezoelectric plate, a spring is arranged on the mass block, and the piezoelectric plate, the spring and the mass block are movably sleeved on the bolt rod; the piezoelectric patch is connected with a signal processing module in the bolt head, the signal processing module comprises a charge conversion stage, the charge conversion stage is sequentially connected with a normalization amplification stage, a filtering stage, an integration stage and an output stage in series, the output stage is connected with the piezoelectric patch, and the piezoelectric patch is connected with the charge conversion stage.
Further, a charge amplifier is arranged between the piezoelectric plate and the charge conversion stage, the charge amplifier comprises an amplifier, the input end of the amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric plate, two diodes are connected in parallel between the amplifier and the piezoelectric plate, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the charge conversion stage, and a capacitor C is connected between the input end and the output end of the amplifierfCapacitor CfUpper parallel connected with a resistor Rf。
Furthermore, the piezoelectric plate comprises a first piezoelectric plate and a second piezoelectric plate, a metal plate is arranged between the first piezoelectric plate and the second piezoelectric plate, and the metal plate and the second piezoelectric plate are both connected with the signal processing module through leads.
Further, an overload indicating stage is arranged between the charge conversion stage and the output stage.
A bolt vibration detection method of an urban subway bolt device by adopting intelligent vibration signal detection comprises the following steps:
s1: the bolt transmits the vibration to the piezoelectric patch to generate voltage, and the voltage is amplified by the signal processing module and is sent to the voltage sensor;
s2: voltage value U detected by voltage sensor1Calculating an input voltage value U0 of the piezoelectric patch:
wherein R is the resistance of the voltage sensor, RSThe load resistor is a load resistor of the signal processing module;
s3: calculating the vibration amplitude delta (vibration) of the piezoelectric sheet according to the input voltage;
wherein C is a capacitor CfB is a charge constant, E is an electric field of the piezoelectric sheet in the thickness direction, h is a limit amplitude of deformation of the piezoelectric sheet, d is a piezoelectric strain constant, S is an area of the piezoelectric sheet, μ is a Poisson' S ratio,
is the flexibility of the piezoelectric sheet1Generating a voltage U for a strain gage0Maximum amplitude of time-deformation, /)0The amplitude of deformation when the strain gauge does not generate voltage;
s4: and comparing the vibration amplitude delta (vibration) with a threshold value of bolt vibration, if the delta (vibration) is larger than the threshold value, loosening the bolt, otherwise, keeping the bolt in a fastening state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the scheme, the detection module and the bolt are arranged together, so that the fastening function of the bolt and the detection function of the vibration sensor are achieved; the system can be used in extremely severe environment, and meets the requirements of a subway system; the strain gauge generates voltage, provides a power supply for the whole detection system, does not need an external power supply during working, directly absorbs mechanical energy of bolt vibration and converts the mechanical energy into an electric signal for output, and is long in durability and energy-saving. The signal amplification module uses a charge amplifier to acquire and amplify a tiny voltage signal, and the device is suitable for a subway bolt to be detected, wherein the internal vibration amplitude of the device is not large, but the borne pressure force of the device is large, and the comprehensive stress of the bolt can be effectively reflected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a bolt.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a signal processing module.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a charge amplifier.
The device comprises a bolt rod 1, a bolt rod 2, a spring 3, a mass block 4, a first voltage piece 5, a second voltage piece 6, a signal processing module 7, a metal piece 8 and a bolt head.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the urban subway bolt device for intelligently detecting vibration signals in the scheme includes a bolt rod 1, wherein the head of the bolt rod 1 is provided with an external thread, the tail of the bolt rod 1 is provided with a bolt head 8, and a vibration detection device is arranged between the bolt head 8 and the bolt rod 1; the vibration detection device comprises a piezoelectric plate, a mass block 3 is arranged on the piezoelectric plate, a spring 2 is arranged on the mass block 3, the piezoelectric plate, the spring 2 and the mass block 3 are movably sleeved on a bolt rod 1, the spring 2 provides certain holding force for a bolt, and the bolt is prevented from loosening,
The piezoelectric patch is connected with a signal processing module 6 in a bolt head 8, the signal processing module 6 comprises a charge conversion stage, the charge conversion stage is sequentially connected with a normalization amplification stage, a filtering stage, an integration stage and an output stage in series, the output stage is connected with a voltage sensor, and the piezoelectric patch is connected with the charge conversion stage.
The bolt is installed on an urban subway system and is connected with the bolt, the piezoelectric patches monitor vibration of the bolt in real time and convert vibration conditions into voltage output, and the amplitude of vibration of the bolt is detected through the output voltage value, so that the loosening condition of the bolt is detected.
When a vibration phenomenon occurs, the bolt rod 1 applies a load to the mass block 3, and at this time, since the rigidity of the spring 2 is very large and the mass and inertia of the mass block 3 are very small, the mass block 3 senses the same vibration as the bolt head 8 and is subjected to an inertial force in the direction opposite to the acceleration direction. Under the action of the inertia, alternating charges are generated on two surfaces of the strain gauge, and voltage output is formed.
A charge amplifier is arranged between the piezoelectric plate and the charge conversion stage, the charge amplifier comprises an amplifier, the input end of the amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric plate, two diodes are connected in parallel between the amplifier and the piezoelectric plate, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the charge conversion stage, and a capacitor C is connected between the input end and the output end of the amplifierfCapacitor CfUpper parallel connected with a resistor Rf。
The piezoelectric piece comprises a first piezoelectric piece 4 and a second piezoelectric piece 5, a metal piece 7 is arranged between the first piezoelectric piece 4 and the second piezoelectric piece 5, and the metal piece 7 and the second piezoelectric piece 5 are both connected with a signal processing module 6 through leads; an overload indicating stage is arranged between the charge conversion stage and the output stage.
To prevent from being caused by the capacitance CfThe long-time charging leads to the saturation of the integrated operational amplifier, and the integrated operational amplifier is arranged on a capacitor CfUpper parallel resistance Rf. In order to prevent a large output in case of overload, a protection diode is added to the input of the signal processing module 6. Such a charge amplifier obtains voltage amounts corresponding to the input terminals at the output terminals, respectively, by changing the equipment of the subsequent signal processing block 6.
The bolt vibration detection method of the urban subway bolt device adopting the intelligent vibration signal detection comprises the following steps:
s1: the bolt transmits the vibration to the piezoelectric patch to generate voltage, and the voltage is amplified by the signal processing module 6 and is sent to the voltage sensor;
s2: voltage value U detected by voltage sensor1Calculating an input voltage value U0 of the piezoelectric patch:
wherein R is the resistance of the voltage sensor, RSIs the load resistance of the signal processing module 6;
s3: calculating the vibration amplitude delta (vibration) of the piezoelectric sheet according to the input voltage;
wherein C is a capacitor CfB is a charge constant, E is an electric field of the piezoelectric sheet in the thickness direction, h is a limit amplitude of deformation of the piezoelectric sheet, d is a piezoelectric strain constant, S is an area of the piezoelectric sheet, μ is a Poisson' S ratio,
is the flexibility of the piezoelectric sheet1Generating a voltage U for a strain gage0Maximum amplitude of time-deformation, /)0The amplitude of deformation when the strain gauge does not generate voltage;
s4: and comparing the vibration amplitude delta (vibration) with a threshold value of bolt vibration, if the delta (vibration) is larger than the threshold value, loosening the bolt, otherwise, keeping the bolt in a fastening state.
According to the scheme, the detection module and the bolt are arranged together, so that the fastening function of the bolt and the detection function of the vibration sensor are achieved; the system can be used in extremely severe environment, and meets the requirements of a subway system; the strain gauge generates voltage, provides a power supply for the whole detection system, does not need an external power supply during working, directly absorbs mechanical energy of bolt vibration and converts the mechanical energy into an electric signal for output, and is long in durability and energy-saving. The signal amplification module uses a charge amplifier to acquire and amplify a tiny voltage signal, and the device is suitable for a subway bolt to be detected, wherein the internal vibration amplitude of the device is not large, but the borne pressure force of the device is large, and the comprehensive stress of the bolt can be effectively reflected.
Claims (5)
1. The urban subway bolt device capable of intelligently detecting the vibration signals is characterized by comprising a bolt rod, wherein the head of the bolt rod is provided with an external thread, the tail of the bolt rod is provided with a bolt head, and a vibration detection device is arranged between the bolt head and the bolt rod; the vibration detection device comprises a piezoelectric plate, a mass block is arranged on the piezoelectric plate, a spring is arranged on the mass block, and the piezoelectric plate, the spring and the mass block are movably sleeved on a bolt rod; the piezoelectric patch is connected with a signal processing module in the bolt head, the signal processing module comprises a charge conversion stage, the charge conversion stage is sequentially connected with a normalization amplification stage, a filtering stage, an integration stage and an output stage in series, the output stage is connected with a voltage sensor, and the piezoelectric patch is connected with the charge conversion stage.
2. The urban subway bolt device for intelligently detecting vibration signals according to claim 1, wherein a charge amplifier is arranged between the piezoelectric sheet and the charge conversion stage, the charge amplifier comprises an amplifier, the input end of the amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric sheet, two diodes are connected in parallel between the amplifier and the piezoelectric sheet, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the charge conversion stage,a capacitor C is connected between the input end and the output end of the amplifierfSaid capacitor CfUpper parallel connected with a resistor Rf。
3. The urban subway bolt device capable of intelligently detecting vibration signals according to claim 1, wherein said piezoelectric patches comprise a first piezoelectric patch and a second piezoelectric patch, a metal patch is arranged between said first piezoelectric patch and said second piezoelectric patch, and both said metal patch and said second piezoelectric patch are connected with a signal processing module through wires.
4. The urban subway bolt device capable of intelligently detecting vibration signals according to claim 1, wherein an overload indicating stage is arranged between the charge conversion stage and the output stage.
5. The bolt vibration detection method for the urban subway bolt device adopting intelligent vibration signal detection of any one of claims 1-4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the bolt transmits the vibration to the piezoelectric plate to generate voltage, and the voltage is amplified by the signal processing module and is sent to the voltage sensor;
s2: voltage value U detected by voltage sensor1And calculating the input voltage value U of the piezoelectric patch0：
Wherein R is the resistance of the voltage sensor, RSThe load resistor is a load resistor of the signal processing module;
s3: calculating the vibration amplitude delta (vibration) of the piezoelectric sheet according to the input voltage:
wherein C is a capacitor CfB is a charge constant, E is an electric field of the piezoelectric sheet in the thickness direction, h is a limit amplitude of deformation of the piezoelectric sheet,d is the piezoelectric strain constant, S is the area of the piezoelectric patch, mu is the Poisson' S ratio,
is the flexibility of the piezoelectric sheet1Generating a voltage U for a strain gage0Maximum amplitude of time-deformation, /)0The amplitude of deformation when the strain gauge does not generate voltage;
s4: and comparing the vibration amplitude delta (vibration) with a threshold value of bolt vibration, if the delta (vibration) is larger than the threshold value, loosening the bolt, otherwise, keeping the bolt in a fastening state.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011386568.3A CN112683385A (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | Urban subway bolt device and method for intelligently detecting vibration signals |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011386568.3A CN112683385A (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | Urban subway bolt device and method for intelligently detecting vibration signals |
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| CN202011386568.3A Pending CN112683385A (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | Urban subway bolt device and method for intelligently detecting vibration signals |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005069312A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-17 | Masayuki Okugawa | Washer for detecting bolt slack |
| CN203561647U (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-23 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Piezoelectric accelerometer |
| CN107063439A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 成都市宏山科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent vibration tester of portable high-speed detection |
| CN208588486U (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-03-08 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Spiral case mandoor bolt failure monitoring device |
| CN110887648A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-17 | 湖南科技大学 | Monitoring system and monitoring method for evaluating bolt looseness and failure |
-
2020
- 2020-12-02 CN CN202011386568.3A patent/CN112683385A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005069312A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-17 | Masayuki Okugawa | Washer for detecting bolt slack |
| CN203561647U (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-23 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Piezoelectric accelerometer |
| CN107063439A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 成都市宏山科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent vibration tester of portable high-speed detection |
| CN208588486U (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-03-08 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Spiral case mandoor bolt failure monitoring device |
| CN110887648A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-17 | 湖南科技大学 | Monitoring system and monitoring method for evaluating bolt looseness and failure |
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Application publication date: 20210420 |