CN112680828A - Preparation method of self-crimping fiber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of self-crimping fibers, which is characterized in that the self-crimping fibers are of a parallel structure with a cross section in a shape of 8 or gourd, and the self-crimping fibers are prepared by vacuum drying two raw materials, namely a high-elasticity hydrophobic component A and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B, and carrying out two-component melt preparation, transmission, composite spinning, drafting and heat setting. In the environment with human body surface humidity change, the self-crimping fiber can automatically control the thread pitch through the modulus ratio of dry and wet components in the fiber, adjust the radial stretching behavior of the yarn, further automatically control the pore change in the fabric, finally realize the intelligent regulation and control functions of expanding the pores of the fabric for heat dissipation when the body surface humidity is high and shrinking the pores of the fabric for heat preservation when the body surface humidity is low, and has good wearing comfort.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of textile materials, in particular to a preparation method of self-crimping fibers.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of living conditions, the wearing requirements of people are increasingly improved, and the requirements on the garment fabric tend to be more comfortable and intelligent. However, the current common fiber fabric has low added value, high homogenization degree, low intelligent degree and poor comfort. At present, the modes adopted for realizing the intelligent temperature adjustment of the garment fabric mainly comprise infrared heating regulation and control of the fabric temperature, shape memory fiber regulation of the fabric micropore size and the like. 202010087690.4 discloses a far infrared radiation heating fabric, which has heating function, is uniform, stable, safe and reliable, and can be applied to human body clothes, room temperature heat source, heat preservation and constant temperature material. However, one of the raw materials used by the far infrared radiation heating fabric is a flexible carbon nanofiber membrane, and the preparation process is very complex, expensive, poor in comfort level and difficult to industrially produce. In addition, the intellectualization of the infrared heating fabric is low. 201711450318.X discloses a method for preparing a shape memory fiber membrane with controllable fiber surface micropore structure, the shape memory fiber prepared by electrostatic spinning has uniform micropore structure, and the fiber can have shape memory behavior under environmental stimulation, thereby controlling the micropore size change of the fiber membrane. However, the cost of the fiber is high, the preparation difficulty is high, the fiber only stays in a theoretical level or a small experiment stage, and the shape memory material is often poor in fiber forming performance and difficult to realize large-scale preparation.
Regarding the production method of fiber, the fluffy fabric fiber used in the market at present is prepared by single-component spinning, drafting, twisting, heat setting and untwisting for a long time. When processing in this way, it is usually necessary to generate a permanent crimp profile by physical action of the fiber by external physical action of twisting the fiber by a fiber crimp generating device, but there are problems of long processing flow, high processing cost, and easy abrasion of the fiber. The parallel self-curling fiber precursor can directly obtain a highly-curled three-dimensional spiral structure through simple drafting-heat setting after composite spinning. And the size of the yarn can be effectively adjusted by controlling the spiral angle in the spiral structure, so that a new idea is provided for the development of intelligent fibers. However, the existing self-crimping fibers are all environment-inert materials, and intelligent regulation and control of the yarn length cannot be realized in the change of temperature and humidity in the human body surface environment.
In order to solve the problems faced by the current intelligent garment fabric development, a unique design is carried out by utilizing a fiber self-curling mechanism, and a novel parallel composite fiber which has strong humidity sensitivity and large size and can be used for weaving an intelligent microporous fabric is prepared by taking commercial products such as PTT, PU, PBT, PET, PLA and the like with large quantities and wide range as raw materials through melt spinning. Specifically, a component A with large difference between dry modulus and wet modulus and a component B with no obvious difference between the dry modulus and the wet modulus are designed, and the components are compounded in parallel by taking the cross section as a 8-shaped or gourd-shaped structure. After the two raw materials are subjected to parallel composite spinning by a melting method to prepare protofilaments, the intelligent self-crimping fibers can be prepared by simple drafting and heat setting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-crimping fiber which can adjust the size by self-regulating the change of the body surface humidity of a human body so as to overcome the defects that the existing double-component self-crimping parallel fiber is inert to the environment and the shape memory material is generally poor in fiber forming performance. The self-crimping fiber has the functions of intelligently regulating and controlling the body surface humidity sensitivity: the elastic modulus of the hydrophilic component in the fiber filament is reduced after moisture absorption, the elastic modulus of the hydrophobic component is unchanged, the fiber has a thread pitch difference, and then the length is changed, so that the intelligent regulation and control that the pores of the fabric are expanded to dissipate heat when the body surface humidity is high and the pores of the fabric are contracted to keep warm when the body surface humidity is low are finally realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of self-crimping fiber, the self-crimping fiber is a parallel structure with a cross section in a shape of 8 or gourd, and is realized by vacuum drying, two-component melt preparation and transmission, composite spinning, drafting and heat setting of two-component raw materials of a high-elasticity hydrophobic component A and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B;
wherein the high-elasticity hydrophobic component A is prepared from polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) [ DuPont China group Co., Ltd.)]Or Polyurethane (PU) [ NatureWorks Corp., USA](ii) a The low-elasticity hydrophilic component B adopts polyethylene glycol (PEG) [ Aladdin Biotech Co., Ltd ]]Or nano-Silica (SiO)2) [ Aladdin Biochemical technology Co Ltd]Modified polylactic acid (PLA) [ NatureWorks Corp., USA ]]Polyethylene glycol (PEG) [ Aladdin Biotech Co Ltd]Or nano-Silica (SiO)2) [ Aladdin Biochemical technology Co Ltd]Modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [ BASF ]]Polyethylene glycol (PEG) [ Aladdin Biotech Co Ltd]Or nano-Silica (SiO)2) [ Aladdin Biochemical technology Co Ltd]Modified polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) [ BASF ]]One of (1);
the modification mode of polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) by polyethylene glycol (PEG) adopts physical mixing and chemical copolymerization;
the nano silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The modification mode of polylactic acid (PLA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) adopts physical mixing and in-situ polymerization.
The respective preparation and transmission of the two-component melt mean that two raw materials are added into respective screw extruders to be melted and extruded and transmitted in respective screws.
The composite spinning is that two raw materials of a high-elasticity hydrophobic component A and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B with the mass ratio of (60:40) - (40:60) enter the same spinning box body through respective screws under the extrusion force of the screws, and are extruded by parallel composite spinning components to form parallel primary fibers.
The drafting and heat setting means that the dynamic drafting and tension heat setting of the primary fiber are realized by a drafting roller and a heat setting roller;
the drafting multiplying factor in the drafting process is 1.5-3.5, and the winding speed is 3000-4200 m.min-1。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts two components with different humidity sensitivities, namely a high-elasticity hydrophobic component and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component, which are compounded in parallel, and modifies the hydrophilic component, namely PEG modifies PLA, PET or PBT, or nano SiO by a physical mixing or chemical copolymerization method2The PLA or PET or PBT is modified by physical mixing or in-situ polymerization. In addition, in the environment of human body surface humidity change, the self-crimping fiber can automatically control the thread pitch through the modulus ratio of dry and wet components in the fiber, adjust the radial stretching behavior of the yarn, further automatically control the pore change in the fabric, finally realize the intelligent regulation and control functions of expanding the pores of the fabric for heat dissipation when the body surface humidity is high and shrinking the pores of the fabric for heat preservation when the body surface humidity is low, and has good wearing comfort.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the preparation method of the self-crimping fiber of the embodiment, the used raw materials are as follows: a high-elastic hydrophobic component A; a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B.
The production process of this example is as follows: slicing the component A, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing, slicing the component B, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing, mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B under the control of a metering pump, performing melt spinning, and performing traction, stretching and heat treatment on the obtained primary fiber to obtain the bi-component composite self-crimping fiber material.
In this example, a high elastic hydrophobic component PTT and a low elastic hydrophilic component PEG modified PET are selected, (physical mixing, i.e., molten PET and PEG are mixed by simple physical and mechanical mixing to reach a molecular level, so as to realize hydrophilic modification of PET by PEG);
slicing the high-elasticity hydrophobic component PTT, placing the slices in a drying box, carrying out vacuum drying for 8 hours at 165 ℃, and then adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing; and (3) placing the PET slices modified by the low-elasticity hydrophilic component PEG into a drying box, drying for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 165 ℃, and adding into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing. Screw extruder A and screw extruder BThe raw materials are as follows: 40, uniformly injecting the mixture into the same composite spinning component, and performing melt extrusion to obtain primary fibers; the raw fiber is subjected to 2 times of high-temperature drafting, tension heat setting and 4100 m-min-1The double-component parallel composite fiber with a spiral structure can be obtained by winding.
In this embodiment, two components with different moisture sensitivities, namely a high-elasticity hydrophobic component and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component, are compounded in parallel, and the hydrophilic component is modified, that is, PEG is used for modifying PLA, PET or PBT, or nano SiO by physical mixing or chemical copolymerization2The PLA or PET or PBT is modified by physical mixing or in-situ polymerization. In addition the self-curling fiber of this embodiment is in people's body surface humidity change environment, and the radial flexible action of yarn is adjusted to the modulus ratio of dry wet component in the accessible fibre than the self-control pitch, and then the pore change in the self-control fabric, and the intelligent regulation and control function that fabric pore expansion dispels the heat when finally realizing body surface humidity is high, fabric pore contraction carries out cold-proof when body surface humidity is low to have good snugness of fit.
Example 2
In the preparation method of the self-crimping fiber of the embodiment, the used raw materials are as follows: a high-elastic hydrophobic component A; a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B.
The production process of this example is as follows: slicing the component A, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing, slicing the component B, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing, mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B under the control of a metering pump, performing melt spinning, and performing traction, stretching and heat treatment on the obtained primary fiber to obtain the bi-component composite self-crimping fiber material.
In the embodiment, the high elastic hydrophobic component PTT and the low elastic hydrophilic component nanometer SiO are selected2Modified PET (in-situ polymerization, namely adding nano silicon dioxide after melting the PET, and polymerizing at a certain temperature to obtain hydrophilic low-elasticity-component PET);
cutting the high-elastic hydrophobic component PTT into slices, placing the slices in a drying box, drying the slices in vacuum at 170 ℃ for 8 hours, and adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing(ii) a Preparing low-elasticity hydrophilic component nano SiO2And placing the modified PET slices in a drying box, drying for 8 hours in vacuum at 163 ℃, and adding into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing. Mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B according to the weight ratio of 50: 50, uniformly injecting the mixture into the same composite spinning component, and performing melt extrusion to obtain primary fibers; the raw fiber is subjected to 1.5 times of drafting, tension heat setting, 4200 m.min-1The double-component parallel composite fiber with a spiral structure can be obtained by winding.
In this embodiment, two components with different moisture sensitivities, namely a high-elasticity hydrophobic component and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component, are compounded in parallel, and the hydrophilic component is modified, that is, PEG is used for modifying PLA, PET or PBT, or nano SiO by physical mixing or chemical copolymerization2The PLA or PET or PBT is modified by physical mixing or in-situ polymerization. In addition the self-curling fiber of this embodiment is in people's body surface humidity change environment, and the radial flexible action of yarn is adjusted to the modulus ratio of dry wet component in the accessible fibre than the self-control pitch, and then the pore change in the self-control fabric, and the intelligent regulation and control function that fabric pore expansion dispels the heat when finally realizing body surface humidity is high, fabric pore contraction carries out cold-proof when body surface humidity is low to have good snugness of fit.
Example 3
In the preparation method of the self-crimping fiber of the embodiment, the used raw materials are as follows: a high-elastic hydrophobic component A; a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B.
The production process of this example is as follows: slicing the component A, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing, slicing the component B, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing, mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B under the control of a metering pump, performing melt spinning, and performing traction, stretching and heat treatment on the obtained primary fiber to obtain the bi-component composite self-crimping fiber material.
In the embodiment, the high elastic hydrophobic component PTT and the low elastic hydrophilic component nanometer SiO are selected2Modified PBT (in-situ polymerization, namely adding nano silicon dioxide after the PBT is melted, keeping a certain temperature for polymerization,thus obtaining the hydrophilic PBT with low elastic component);
slicing the high-elasticity hydrophobic component PTT, placing the slices in a drying box, carrying out vacuum drying at 160 ℃ for 8 hours, and adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing; preparing low-elasticity hydrophilic component nano SiO2And placing the modified PBT slices in a drying box, carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and adding the PBT slices into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing. Mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B according to the ratio of 55: 45, uniformly injecting the mixture into the same composite spinning assembly, and performing melt extrusion to obtain primary fibers; 2.6 times drafting, tension heat setting, 3500 m.min for raw fiber-1The double-component parallel composite fiber with a spiral structure can be obtained by winding.
In this embodiment, two components with different moisture sensitivities, namely a high-elasticity hydrophobic component and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component, are compounded in parallel, and the hydrophilic component is modified, that is, PEG is used for modifying PLA, PET or PBT, or nano SiO by physical mixing or chemical copolymerization2The PLA or PET or PBT is modified by physical mixing or in-situ polymerization. In addition the self-curling fiber of this embodiment is in people's body surface humidity change environment, and the radial flexible action of yarn is adjusted to the modulus ratio of dry wet component in the accessible fibre than the self-control pitch, and then the pore change in the self-control fabric, and the intelligent regulation and control function that fabric pore expansion dispels the heat when finally realizing body surface humidity is high, fabric pore contraction carries out cold-proof when body surface humidity is low to have good snugness of fit.
Example 4
In the preparation method of the self-crimping fiber of the embodiment, the used raw materials are as follows: a high-elastic hydrophobic component A; a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B.
The production process of this example is as follows: slicing the component A, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing, slicing the component B, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing, mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B under the control of a metering pump, performing melt spinning, and performing traction, stretching and heat treatment on the obtained primary fiber to obtain the bi-component composite self-crimping fiber material.
In this example, the high elastic hydrophobic component PU and the low elastic hydrophilic component nano SiO were selected2Modified PLA (physical mixing, i.e., molten PLA and Nano SiO)2Through simple physical and mechanical mixing, hydrophilic modification of PLA by PEG is realized);
slicing the high-elasticity hydrophobic component PU, placing the sliced high-elasticity hydrophobic component PU in a drying box, carrying out vacuum drying for 8 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then adding the PU into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing; preparing low-elasticity hydrophilic component nano SiO2And placing the modified PLA slices in a drying box, performing vacuum drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and adding the PLA slices into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing. Mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B according to a ratio of 48: 52, uniformly injecting the mixture into the same composite spinning component, and performing melt extrusion to obtain primary fibers; 2.3 times drafting, tension heat setting, 3000 m.min for the original fiber-1The double-component parallel composite fiber with a spiral structure can be obtained by winding.
In this embodiment, two components with different moisture sensitivities, namely a high-elasticity hydrophobic component and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component, are compounded in parallel, and the hydrophilic component is modified, that is, PEG is used for modifying PLA, PET or PBT, or nano SiO by physical mixing or chemical copolymerization2The PLA or PET or PBT is modified by physical mixing or in-situ polymerization. In addition the self-curling fiber of this embodiment is in people's body surface humidity change environment, and the radial flexible action of yarn is adjusted to the modulus ratio of dry wet component in the accessible fibre than the self-control pitch, and then the pore change in the self-control fabric, and the intelligent regulation and control function that fabric pore expansion dispels the heat when finally realizing body surface humidity is high, fabric pore contraction carries out cold-proof when body surface humidity is low to have good snugness of fit.
Example 5
In the preparation method of the self-crimping fiber of the embodiment, the used raw materials are as follows: a high-elastic hydrophobic component A; a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B.
The production process of this example is as follows: slicing the component A, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing, slicing the component B, vacuum drying for 8 hours, adding the slices into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing, mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B under the control of a metering pump, performing melt spinning, and performing traction, stretching and heat treatment on the obtained primary fiber to obtain the bi-component composite self-crimping fiber material.
In this example, a high-elasticity hydrophobic component PU and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component PEG-modified PLA (chemical copolymerization, i.e., a copolymerization reaction of a lactic acid monomer and a glycol monomer is performed to obtain a hydrophilic low-elasticity component PLA) are selected;
slicing the high-elasticity hydrophobic component PU, placing the sliced high-elasticity hydrophobic component PU in a drying box, carrying out vacuum drying for 8 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then adding the PU into a screw extruder A for melting and plasticizing; slicing the low-elasticity hydrophilic component PEG modified PLA, placing the sliced PLA in a drying box, carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and adding the dried PLA into a screw extruder B for melting and plasticizing. Mixing the raw materials in the screw extruder A and the screw extruder B according to a ratio of 40:60, uniformly injecting the mixture into the same composite spinning component, and performing melt extrusion to obtain primary fibers; the raw fiber is subjected to 3 times of drafting, tension heat setting and 3600 m.min-1The double-component parallel composite fiber with a spiral structure can be obtained by winding.
In this embodiment, two components with different moisture sensitivities, namely a high-elasticity hydrophobic component and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component, are compounded in parallel, and the hydrophilic component is modified, that is, PEG is used for modifying PLA, PET or PBT, or nano SiO by physical mixing or chemical copolymerization2The PLA or PET or PBT is modified by physical mixing or in-situ polymerization. In addition the self-curling fiber of this embodiment is in people's body surface humidity change environment, and the radial flexible action of yarn is adjusted to the modulus ratio of dry wet component in the accessible fibre than the self-control pitch, and then the pore change in the self-control fabric, and the intelligent regulation and control function that fabric pore expansion dispels the heat when finally realizing body surface humidity is high, fabric pore contraction carries out cold-proof when body surface humidity is low to have good snugness of fit.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of self-crimping fiber is characterized in that the self-crimping fiber is of a parallel structure with a cross section in a shape of 8 or gourd, and is realized by vacuum drying, preparation and transmission of a two-component melt respectively, composite spinning, drafting and heat setting of two-component raw materials of a high-elasticity hydrophobic component A and a low-elasticity hydrophilic component B;
wherein the high-elasticity hydrophobic component A adopts polytrimethylene terephthalate or polyurethane; the low-elasticity hydrophilic component B is one of polyethylene glycol or nano-silica modified polylactic acid, polyethylene glycol or nano-silica modified polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene glycol or nano-silica modified polybutylene terephthalate;
the modification mode of the polyethylene glycol to polylactic acid or polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate adopts physical mixing or chemical copolymerization;
the modification mode of the nano silicon dioxide to polylactic acid or polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate adopts physical mixing or in-situ polymerization.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the separate preparation and transportation of the bicomponent melt means that the two materials are fed into separate screw extruders for melting and extrusion transportation in separate screws.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite spinning is carried out by feeding two raw materials, i.e. the high-elasticity hydrophobic component A and the low-elasticity hydrophilic component B, into the same spinning manifold by respective screws under the extrusion force of the screws, and extruding the two raw materials through a parallel composite spinning assembly to form the parallel type proto-fibers.
4. The method for preparing self-curling fiber according to claim 1, wherein the drawing and heat setting are dynamic drawing and tension heat setting of the primary fiber by drawing rollers and heat setting rollers;
the drafting multiplying factor in the drafting process is 1.5-3.5, and the winding speed is 3000-4200 m.min-1。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101215723A (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2008-07-09 | 东华大学 | 8-shaped PET/PTT hollow fibre and preparing method thereof |
| CN106149071A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-23 | 王家铭 | Outside bicomponent dies, compound parallel type is from Curl chopped fiber production method |
| CN111206300A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-29 | 厦门翔鹭化纤股份有限公司 | Elastic composite fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN110565184A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-12-13 | 桐昆集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-self-crimpability PET/PTT parallel composite filament |
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Application publication date: 20210420 |