CN112679308A

CN112679308A - Alkyne removing method for hydrogenation process before deethanization before carbon dioxide

Info

Publication number: CN112679308A
Application number: CN201910990954.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谭都平; 王书峰; 巩红光; 张小奇; 任峰; 吴伟; 李胜利; 赵汝; 张迪; 金建; 吕卿廉; 苏君来
Original assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Current assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-17
Filing date: 2019-10-17
Publication date: 2021-04-20
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-17
Also published as: CN112679308B

Abstract

An alkyne removing method for a front deethanization front hydrogenation process. And (3) using a Pd-Ni-Cu hydrogenation catalyst to selectively hydrogenate the tower top effluent in the front-end deethanization front-end hydrogenation process in a hydrogenation reactor to remove alkynes in the tower top effluent. Reaction conditions are as follows: the inlet temperature is 50-100 ℃, the reaction pressure is 3.0-4.5 MPa, and the reaction volume space velocity is 5000-20000 h^‑1(ii) a Preferably addThe hydrogen conditions were: the inlet temperature is 60-95 ℃, the reaction pressure is 2.8-3.8 MPa, and the volume space velocity is 8000-15000 h^‑1. The catalyst support is alumina or primarily alumina and has a bimodal pore distribution structure. The catalyst at least contains Pd, Ni and Cu, wherein the Pd and the Ni are loaded in a microemulsion mode and a solution mode, and the Cu is loaded in a microemulsion mode. Wherein, the Ni, Cu and Pd loaded by the microemulsion are mainly distributed in the macropores of the carrier. The catalyst has lower reduction temperature, low green oil generation amount and excellent catalytic performance and coking resistance.

Description

Alkyne removing method for hydrogenation process before deethanization before carbon dioxide

Technical Field

The invention relates to an alkyne removing method by selective hydrogenation, in particular to a selective hydrogenation method for alkyne by using a Pd-Ni-Cu catalyst in a front deethanization front hydrogenation process.

Background

Ethylene is one of the most important basic raw materials for the petrochemical industry, and is produced by steam cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., ethane, propane, butane, naphtha, light diesel, etc.) as a monomer-ethylene for synthesizing various polymers. The C2 fraction mainly containing ethylene obtained by the method also contains 0.5 to 2.5 percent (mole fraction) of acetylene. The presence of acetylene complicates the polymerization process of ethylene and deteriorates the polymer properties. When polyethylene is produced by a high pressure process, there is a risk of explosion due to the accumulation of acetylene; in addition, the presence of acetylene also reduces the activity of the polymerization catalyst and increases the catalyst consumption when producing polyethylene. Therefore, acetylene in ethylene must be reduced to a certain value or less to be used as a monomer for synthesizing a high polymer.

Ethylene plants are divided into two processes according to the difference of the separation flow: a hydrogenation alkyne-removing process after carbon dioxide and a hydrogenation alkyne-removing process before carbon dioxide. In the hydrogenation process before carbon dioxide, a hydrogenation reactor is positioned in front of a demethanizer, then the hydrogenation adopts a sequential separation process, the hydrogenation reaction is carried out after methane and ethane are removed, and the hydrogenation reactor is positioned behind the demethanizer. The post-hydrogenation process is mainly represented by a sequential separation process technology of the LUMMUS company, and the process flow is common in ethylene devices introduced at early stage in China. The front hydrogenation process is divided into front deethanization front hydrogenation and front depropanization front hydrogenation, which are developed by LINDE company and S & W company respectively, acetylene is removed by selective hydrogenation before a demethanizer in the two processes, but in the front depropanization front hydrogenation process, the material entering a hydrogenation reactor not only has C2 fraction but also part of C3 fraction, and most of propyne and propadiene need to be removed while acetylene is removed.

The principle of hydrogenation and alkyne removal before deethanization before carbon two:

main reaction: c₂H₂+H₂→C₂H₄+174.3kJ/mol (1)

Side reaction: c₂H₂+2H₂→C₂H₆+311.0kJ/mol (2)

C₂H₄+H₂→C₂H₆+136.7kJ/mol (3)

nC₂H₂→ oligomer (Green oil) (4)

Of these applications, reaction (1) is the desired primary reaction, both removing acetylene and increasing ethylene production. (2) The (3) and (4) are undesirable side reactions which result in the loss of ethylene. A side reaction (4), wherein acetylene is subjected to a hydrodimerization reaction to generate a carbon four fraction; polymerizing the C-C fraction to generate oligomer with wider molecular weight, commonly called green oil; the green oil adsorbs on the catalyst surface, eventually forming coke. The coke blocks the catalyst pore channels, so that reactants cannot diffuse to the surface of the active center of the catalyst, thereby causing the activity of the catalyst to be reduced and influencing the operation period and the service life of the catalyst.

The patent US4404124 prepares a selective hydrogenation catalyst with a palladium shell layer distribution as an active component by a step impregnation method, and can be applied to selective hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and carbon three fractions to eliminate acetylene in ethylene and propyne and propadiene in propylene. US5587348 uses alumina as carrier, regulates the action of promoter silver and palladium, and adds alkali metal and chemically bonded fluorine to prepare excellent carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalyst. The catalyst has the characteristics of reducing the generation of green oil, improving the selectivity of ethylene and reducing the generation amount of oxygen-containing compounds. US5519566 discloses a process for preparing silver and palladium catalysts by wet reduction, by adding organic or inorganic reducing agents to the impregnation solution, silver and palladium bi-component selective hydrogenation catalysts are prepared.

The traditional carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalyst is prepared by adopting an impregnation method, and the active phase of the catalyst is Pd and Ag bimetal. This method has the following disadvantages: (1) under the influence of the carrier pore structure, the dispersion of the active components can not be accurately controlled, and the randomness is strong. (2) Under the influence of the surface tension and solvation effect of the impregnation liquid, the precursor of the metal active component is deposited on the surface of the carrier in an aggregate form and cannot be uniformly distributed. (3) The carbon hydrogenation has higher requirement on the selectivity of the catalyst, and the traditional preparation method promotes the function of the auxiliary agent by increasing the amount of Ag, so that the transfer of hydrogen is hindered, the possibility of oligomerization is increased, the green oil generation amount is increased, and the service life of the catalyst is influenced. The three phenomena easily cause poor dispersibility of the metal active component, low reaction selectivity and high green oil generation amount, thereby influencing the overall performance of the catalyst.

CN201110086174.0 forms a polymer coating layer on the surface of the carrier in a certain thickness by adsorbing a specific polymer compound on the carrier, and the compound with a functional group reacts with the polymer to enable the polymer to have the functional group capable of complexing with the active component, and the active component is ensured to be orderly and highly dispersed by the complexing reaction of the active component on the functional group on the surface of the carrier. By adopting the method, the carrier adsorbs specific high molecular compounds, and chemical adsorption is carried out on the high molecular compounds and the hydroxyl groups of the alumina, so that the amount of the high molecular compounds adsorbed by the carrier is limited by the number of the hydroxyl groups of the alumina; the functional polymer and Pd have weak complexing effect, sometimes the loading capacity of the active component can not meet the requirement, and part of the active component remains in the impregnation liquid, so that the cost of the catalyst is increased.

In order to improve the anti-coking performance of the catalyst and reduce the surface coking degree of the catalyst, a carbon dioxide selective hydrogenation catalyst which adopts a bimodal pore carrier and a microemulsion preparation method to load active components and a preparation method thereof are disclosed in recent years. The selective hydrogenation catalyst disclosed in patent ZL201310114077.7 has a carrier which is mainly alumina and has a bimodal pore distribution structure, wherein the pore diameter of a small pore is within 50nm, and the pore diameter of a large pore is 60-800 nm. The catalyst contains 0.01-0.5 wt% of Pd based on 100% of the mass of the catalyst, is distributed as a shell layer, and has a thickness of 1-500 um; 0.2-5 wt% of Ni, and the particle size of the anti-coking component Ni is controlled to be larger than that of the small holes of the carrier by a microemulsion method, so that Ni is mainly distributed in the large holes of the carrier. Patent ZL201310114079.6 discloses a method for preparing a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the catalyst carrier is mainly alumina and has a bimodal pore distribution structure. The catalyst contains Pd and Ni double active components, wherein the anti-coking component Ni enters the macropores of the carrier in a form of microemulsion when the catalyst is prepared, and the active component Pd is mainly distributed on the surface of the carrier, particularly in the micropores. Patent ZL201310114371.8 discloses a selective hydrogenation process for carbon-containing fractions suitable for use in a pre-depropanization pre-hydrogenation process. The selective hydrogenation catalyst adopted by the method has a carrier of alumina or mainly alumina, and has a bimodal pore distribution structure, contains double active components Pd and Ni, and an anti-coking component Ni is mainly distributed in macropores. The method improves the coking resistance of the catalyst, but the reduction temperature of the single-component Ni in the macropores of the catalyst carrier reaches over 500 ℃, and the catalyst is reduced at the temperature, so that the active component Pd of the catalyst is gathered, and the activity of the catalyst is greatly reduced. In order to compensate for the loss of catalyst activity, the amount of active component is increased, which results in a decrease in catalyst selectivity and a decrease in the utilization of active component.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a selective hydrogenation method, in particular to a selective hydrogenation method of a hydrogenation process before depropanization before carbon dioxide with high coking resistance.

The invention aims to provide an alkyne removal method for a selective hydrogenation process. In particular to a method for selectively hydrogenating acetylene contained in the tower top effluent from a front deethanizer by using a Pd-Ni-Cu catalyst in a front deethanizing front hydrogenation process, and completely converting the acetylene into ethylene without loss of the ethylene.

The invention provides a method for removing alkyne in a front deethanization front hydrogenation process, which is used for selectively hydrogenating acetylene contained in a material in a three-section series adiabatic bed or a two-section series adiabatic bed reactor to convert the acetylene into ethylene.

The invention provides an alkyne removing method of a front deethanization front hydrogenation process, which is characterized in that a material flowing out of the top of a front depropanization tower enters two-section or three-section series adiabatic reactors for selective hydrogenation to remove acetylene contained in the material. The raw materials entering the first-stage reactor consist of the following components in percentage by volume: 200-2000 mu L/L of CO, 15-25% of hydrogen, 28-40% of methane, 0.5-1.0% of acetylene, 30-45% of ethylene and 5-10% of ethane. Selecting the hydrogenation reaction conditions: the inlet temperature of the reactor is 50-100 ℃, the reaction pressure is 3.0-4.5 MPa, and the reaction volume space velocity is 5000-20000 h^-1(ii) a Preferred hydrogenation conditions are: the inlet temperature is 60-95 ℃, the reaction pressure is 2.8-3.8 MPa, and the volume space velocity is 8000-15000 h^-1。

The invention provides an alkyne removing method for a hydrogenation process before front deethanization, which is characterized in that an alkyne selective hydrogenation catalyst is filled in a reactor, a carrier is alumina or mainly alumina and has a bimodal pore distribution structure, and the specific surface area of the catalyst is 4 to12m²(ii) in terms of/g. Wherein the aperture of the small hole is 55-72 nm, and the aperture of the large hole is 300-640 nm.

The alkyne removing method of the fore-deethanization fore-hydrogenation process is characterized in that an alkyne selective hydrogenation catalyst is filled in a reactor and at least contains Pd, Ni and Cu, wherein the Pd and the Ni are loaded in a microemulsion mode and a solution mode, and the Cu is loaded in a microemulsion mode. The catalyst comprises, by mass, 100%, 0.03-0.04% of solution-supported Pd, preferably 0.032-0.035%, 2.5-3.5% of solution-supported Ni and 2.6-3.2% of solution-supported Pd by weight, 1.0-4.5% of microemulsion-supported Ni, preferably 1.5-3.0% of microemulsion-supported Ni by weight, 0.1-1.0% of Cu and 0.3-0.7% of microemulsion-supported Ni by weight, and 1/250-1/400% of microemulsion-supported Ni + Cu by weight, preferably 1/300-1/350% of microemulsion-supported Pd. Wherein the microemulsion-supported Ni, Cu and Pd are mainly distributed in macropores of 300-640 nm of the carrier.

In the catalyst used in the invention, the selective hydrogenation reaction of alkyne takes place in the main active center composed of Pd and Ni, Ni and Cu are dipped in the macropores of the carrier in the form of microemulsion, and the green oil generated in the reaction takes place saturated hydrogenation on the active center composed of Cu and Ni.

The Cu has the function of forming Ni/Cu alloy in the roasting process, effectively reduces the reduction temperature of the nickel in the reduction process, reduces the polymerization of the Pd at high temperature, and improves the dispersion degree of the main active component.

For hydrogenation reaction, generally, before the catalyst is applied, the hydrogenation catalyst needs to be reduced first to ensure that the active component exists in a metallic state, so that the catalyst can have hydrogenation activity. Because activation is a high temperature calcination process during catalyst preparation, the metal salt decomposes to metal oxides, which form clusters, which are typically nano-sized. Different oxides need to be reduced at different temperatures due to different chemical properties. However, for nano-sized metals, a critical temperature is around 200 ℃, and above this temperature, the aggregation of metal particles is very significant. Therefore, the reduction temperature of the active component is very important for the hydrogenation catalyst.

The idea of the invention for solving the problem of catalyst coking is as follows:

the alkyne selective hydrogenation reaction occurs in the main active center of the composition, such as Pd and Ni, and macromolecules such as green oil produced in the reaction easily enter the macropores of the catalyst. In the macropores of the catalyst, a Ni/Cu component is loaded, wherein Ni has a saturation hydrogenation function, and the green oil component can perform a saturation hydrogenation reaction at an active center consisting of Ni/Cu. Because the double bonds are saturated by hydrogenation, the green oil component can not generate polymerization reaction any more or the polymerization reaction rate is greatly reduced, the chain growth reaction is terminated or delayed, a fused ring compound with huge molecular weight can not be formed, and the fused ring compound is easily carried out of the reactor by materials, so the coking degree on the surface of the catalyst is greatly reduced, and the service life of the catalyst is greatly prolonged.

The method for controlling the Ni/Cu alloy to be positioned in the catalyst macropores is that Ni/Cu is loaded in the form of microemulsion, and the grain diameter of the microemulsion is larger than the pore diameter of carrier micropores and smaller than the maximum pore diameter of macropores. The nickel and copper metal salts are contained in the microemulsion and, due to steric resistance, are difficult to access to the smaller size pores of the support and therefore mainly to the macropores of the support.

In the invention, Cu and Ni are loaded together, so that the reduction temperature of Ni can be reduced, because NiO is required to be completely reduced independently, the reduction temperature is generally 450-500 ℃, Pd agglomeration can be caused at the temperature, and after the Cu/Ni alloy is formed, the reduction temperature can be reduced by more than 100 ℃ and reaches 350 ℃ compared with the reduction temperature of pure Ni, so that the Pd agglomeration in the reduction process is relieved.

In the invention, a small amount of Pd supported by the microemulsion is on the surface of the Ni/Cu alloy, so that the reduction temperature of Ni can be further reduced to below 200 ℃ and as low as 150 ℃.

In the invention, in the process of loading palladium by the solution method, the solution containing palladium enters the pores more quickly due to the siphonage action of the pores, the palladium exists in the form of chloropalladate ions, and the ions can form chemical bonds with hydroxyl on the surface of the carrier to target the palladium quickly, so that the faster the solution enters the pore channels, the faster the loading speed. Therefore, the catalyst is more easily supported in the pores during the impregnation of Pd by the solution method.

The catalyst adopted by the invention requires that the carrier has a bimodal pore distribution structure, particularly a large pore with the pore diameter of 300-640 nm, and a small pore with the pore diameter of 55-72 nm. The carrier is alumina or mainly alumina, Al₂O₃The crystal form is preferably alpha, theta or a mixed crystal form thereof. The alumina content in the catalyst carrier is preferably above 80%, and the carrier may also contain other metal oxides such as magnesia, titania, etc.

The invention is not particularly limited in the process of loading Ni, Cu and Pd in a microemulsion manner, and Ni, Cu and Pd can be distributed in macropores of the carrier as long as the particle size of the microemulsion with the particle size of more than 72nm and less than 640nm can be formed.

The invention also proposes a method, wherein the microemulsion mode loading process comprises the following steps: dissolving precursor salt in water, adding oil phase, surfactant and cosurfactant, and stirring to form microemulsion, wherein the oil phase is alkane or cycloalkane, the surfactant is ionic surfactant and/or nonionic surfactant, and the cosurfactant is organic alcohol.

In the present invention, the kind and addition amount of the oil phase, the surfactant and the co-surfactant are not particularly limited, and the kind and addition amount of the oil phase, the surfactant and the co-surfactant can be determined according to the pore structures of the precursor salt and the carrier.

The oil phase recommended by the invention is saturated alkane or cycloalkane, preferably C6-C8 saturated alkane or cycloalkane, preferably cyclohexane and n-hexane; the surfactant is an ionic surfactant and/or a nonionic surfactant, preferably the nonionic surfactant, and more preferably polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether or cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; the cosurfactant is organic alcohol, preferably C4-C6 alcohol, more preferably n-butanol and/or n-pentanol.

In the microemulsion, the recommended weight ratio of the surfactant to the cosurfactant is 1.0-1.2, the weight ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 4.0-5.0, the weight ratio of the surfactant to the oil phase is 0.10-0.40, the particle size of the microemulsion is controlled to be larger than the aperture of a small hole of a carrier and smaller than the aperture of a large hole of the carrier, and the particle size of the microemulsion is controlled to be larger than 72nm and smaller than 640 nm. The microemulsion has a particle size smaller than the pore size of the macropore, so that the loading of active components is facilitated, and the distribution of the active components, particularly Ni and Cu, in the prepared catalyst is more uniform. The grain diameter of the microemulsion is larger than the maximum aperture of the small hole and smaller than the minimum aperture of the large hole, which is more beneficial to the loading of the active component, and the distribution of the active component, especially Ni and Cu, in the prepared catalyst is more uniform.

The hydrogenation method is characterized in that in the preparation process of the catalyst, the sequence of the solution method load of Pd and the load of Ni/Cu is not limited, the step of loading Pd by microemulsion is after the step of loading Ni and Cu by microemulsion, and the step of loading Au by solution is after the step of loading Pd by solution.

The invention also provides a more specific catalyst, and a preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps:

(1) dissolving precursor salt of Ni and Cu in water, adding metered oil phase, surfactant and cosurfactant, fully stirring to form microemulsion, controlling the particle size of the microemulsion to be more than 72nm and less than 640nm, adding a carrier into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 0.5-4 hours, filtering out residual liquid, drying for 1-6 hours at 80-120 ℃, and roasting for 2-8 hours at 400-600 ℃. Obtaining a semi-finished product catalyst A;

(2) dissolving a precursor salt of Pd in water, adjusting the pH value to 1.8-2.8, adding the semi-finished catalyst A into a Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 0.5-4 h, drying at 100-120 ℃ for 1-4 h, and roasting at 400-550 ℃ for 2-6 h to obtain a semi-finished catalyst B;

(3) the solution loading of Ni is carried out by a supersaturation impregnation method, namely, the prepared Ni salt solution is 80-110% of the saturated water absorption of the carrier, after Ni is loaded on the semi-finished product catalyst B, the semi-finished product catalyst B is precipitated for 0.5-2 h, dried for 1-4 h at 100-120 ℃, and roasted for 4-6 h at 400-550 ℃ to obtain the semi-finished product catalyst C;

(4) dissolving Pd precursor salt in water, adding metered oil phase, surfactant and cosurfactant, fully stirring to form microemulsion, controlling the particle size of the microemulsion to be larger than 72nm and smaller than 640nm, adding the semi-finished catalyst C into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 0.5-4 hours, filtering out residual liquid, drying for 1-6 hours at 80-120 ℃, and roasting for 2-8 hours at 400-600 ℃ to obtain the catalyst.

The carrier in the step (1) is alumina or mainly alumina and Al₂O₃The crystal form is preferably alpha, theta or a mixed crystal form thereof. The alumina content in the catalyst carrier is preferably above 80%, and the carrier may also contain other metal oxides such as magnesia, titania, etc.

The carrier in the step (1) can be spherical, cylindrical, clover-shaped and the like.

The precursor salts of Pd, Ni and Cu in the steps (1) and (3) are soluble salts, and can be nitrates, chlorides or other soluble salts thereof.

The reduction temperature of the catalyst of the invention is preferably 150 to 200 ℃.

The catalyst had the following characteristics: at the beginning of the hydrogenation reaction, the hydrogenation activity of palladium is high and is mainly distributed in the pores, so that the selective hydrogenation reaction of acetylene mainly occurs in the pores. With the prolonging of the operation time of the catalyst, a part of by-products with larger molecular weight are generated on the surface of the catalyst, and due to the larger molecular size, the substances enter the macropores more frequently and the retention time is longer, the hydrogenation reaction of double bonds can be generated under the action of the nickel catalyst, so that saturated hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon without isolated double bonds is generated, and substances with larger molecular weight are not generated any more.

The method of the invention has the main advantages that: (1) the invention adopts the fixed bed reactor, the reactor has simple structure, large production capacity, wide application, mature technology, convenient operation of catalyst filling, start-up and regeneration and small investment; (2) the catalyst prepared by using the carrier with bimodal pore distribution can greatly improve the hydrogenation activity and the anti-coking performance, and simultaneously, the addition of the selected auxiliary agent plays a synergistic role, so that the purposes of improving the hydrogenation activity and the stability of the catalyst are achieved, the service life of the catalyst is prolonged, and the long-term stable operation of the hydrogenation process is ensured.

The alkyne removing method can greatly reduce the reduction temperature of the catalyst to 150-200 ℃ at the lowest, and reduce the agglomeration of active components in the reduction process.

The catalyst of the invention has greatly increased green oil generation amount even if the raw material contains more heavy fractions, and the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst still have no trend of reduction.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the distribution of the reduction temperature peaks of Ni/Cu in example 1.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a hydrogenation acetylene removal process prior to deethanization before carbon two. The hydrogenation material is the top effluent of the front deethanizer in the front deethanizing process, and the two-stage isothermal acetylene removal process is connected in series.

Wherein, the reference numbers:

1-oil washing tower

2-water washing tower

3-alkaline washing tower

4-drying tower

5-front deethanizer

6-carbon two hydrogenation reactor

7-demethanizer

Detailed Description

The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the present example is carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and processes are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and the experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following examples are generally performed according to conventional conditions.

The analysis and test method comprises the following steps:

comparison table: GB/T-5816;

pore volume: GB/T-5816;

the content of active components in the catalyst is as follows: atomic absorption method;

microemulsion particle size distribution of Ni/Cu alloy: a dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer, which is used for analyzing on an M286572 dynamic light scattering analyzer;

the conversion and selectivity in the examples were calculated according to the following formulas:

acetylene conversion (%). 100. times. delta. acetylene/inlet acetylene content

Ethylene selectivity (%). 100 x. DELTA. ethylene/. DELTA.acetylene

Example 1

Carrier: a commercially available spherical alumina carrier with bimodal pore distribution and a diameter of 4mm is adopted, and 100g of the spherical alumina carrier is weighed after being calcined at high temperature for 4 hours. The calcination temperature and the physical index of the carrier are shown in Table 1.

Preparing a catalyst:

(1) weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving copper chloride in deionized water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane, Triton X-100 and n-butanol, fully stirring to form a microemulsion, soaking 100g of the weighed carrier into the prepared microemulsion for 1 hour, washing the carrier to be neutral by using the deionized water, drying the carrier for 2 hours at 120 ℃, and roasting the carrier for 5 hours at 550 ℃. Obtaining a semi-finished product catalyst A.

(2) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate, dissolving copper chloride in deionized water, adjusting the pH value to 1, adding the semi-finished catalyst A into the solution, soaking and adsorbing for 1h, drying for 2h at 110 ℃, and roasting for 6h at 380 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst B.

(3) Weighing nickel nitrate, preparing the nickel nitrate into a solution by using deionized water, soaking the semi-finished catalyst B into the prepared solution, shaking, drying the semi-finished catalyst B for 3 hours at 110 ℃ after the solution is completely absorbed, and roasting the semi-finished catalyst B for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain the required catalyst.

The particle size of the microemulsion prepared in the catalyst preparation process and the content of each component in the catalyst are shown in table 2.

Before use, the mixture is placed in a fixed bed reaction device and is mixed with N₂:H₂Reducing the mixed gas at 350 ℃ for 12 h.

Example 2

Carrier: a commercially available spherical carrier with bimodal pore distribution and a diameter of 4mm is adopted, and the composition of the carrier is 90% of alumina and 10% of titanium oxide. After high-temperature roasting for 4 hours, 100g of the carrier is weighed, and the physical indexes of the carrier are shown in Table 1.

Preparing a catalyst:

(1) weighing a certain mass of nickel nitrate, dissolving copper chloride in deionized water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane, TritonX-100 and n-hexanol, and fully stirring to form microemulsion. The carrier is added into the prepared microemulsion for dipping for 1 hour, washed to be neutral by deionized water, dried for 2 hours at 120 ℃ and roasted for 5 hours at 550 ℃. Obtaining a semi-finished product catalyst A.

(2) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate, dissolving the palladium nitrate in water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane and TritonX-100, and fully stirring 6.03g of n-hexanol to form microemulsion. And adding the semi-finished catalyst A into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 4 hours, washing to be neutral by using deionized water, drying for 4 hours at 90 ℃, and roasting for 2 hours at 600 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst B.

(3) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate salt, dissolving in water, adjusting the pH value to 2, adding the semi-finished product B into a Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 1h, drying for 2h at 110 ℃, and roasting for 6h at 380 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product catalyst C.

(4) Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving the nickel nitrate in deionized water, soaking the semi-finished catalyst C in the prepared solution, drying the semi-finished catalyst C for 3 hours at 110 ℃, and roasting the semi-finished catalyst C for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain the finished catalyst.

Before use, the mixture is placed in a fixed bed reaction device and is mixed with N₂:H₂Reducing the mixed gas at 300 ℃ for 12h under the condition of 1: 1.

Example 3

Carrier: a commercially available spherical alumina carrier with bimodal pore distribution and a diameter of 4mm was used. After high-temperature roasting for 4 hours, 100g of the carrier is weighed, and the physical indexes are shown in table 1.

Preparing a catalyst:

(1) weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate salt, dissolving in water, adjusting the pH value to 2, adding the carrier into a Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 1h, drying for 2h at 110 ℃, and roasting for 6h at 380 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst A.

(2) Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving the nickel nitrate in deionized water, soaking the semi-finished catalyst A in the prepared solution, drying the semi-finished catalyst A for 3 hours at 110 ℃, and roasting the semi-finished catalyst A for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst B.

(3) Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate and copper chloride, dissolving in water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane and TritonX-100, and fully stirring 6.03g of n-hexanol to form microemulsion. Adding the semi-finished catalyst B into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 4 hours, washing to be neutral by deionized water, drying for 4 hours at 90 ℃, and roasting for 2 hours at 600 ℃. Obtaining a semi-finished product catalyst C.

(4) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate, dissolving the palladium nitrate in water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane and TritonX-100, and fully stirring 6.03g of n-hexanol to form microemulsion. Adding the semi-finished catalyst C into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 4 hours, washing to be neutral by deionized water, drying for 4 hours at 90 ℃, and roasting for 2 hours at 600 ℃. And obtaining the finished catalyst.

Before use, the mixture is placed in a fixed bed reaction device and is mixed with N₂:H₂Reducing the mixed gas at the temperature of 160 ℃ for 12h under the condition of 1: 1.

Example 4

The catalyst composition and preparation procedure were the same as in example 3, and the evaluation raw materials and conditions are shown in tables 3 and 4.

Example 5

Preparing a catalyst:

(1) weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate and copper chloride, dissolving in water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane and TritonX-100, and fully stirring 6.03g of n-hexanol to form microemulsion. The carrier is added into the prepared microemulsion for dipping for 4 hours, then is washed to be neutral by deionized water, is dried for 4 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃, and is roasted for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃. Obtaining a semi-finished product catalyst A.

(2) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate salt, dissolving in water, adjusting the pH value to 2, adding the semi-finished catalyst A into a Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 1h, drying for 2h at 110 ℃, and roasting for 6h at 380 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst B.

(3) Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving the nickel nitrate in deionized water, soaking the semi-finished catalyst B in the prepared solution, drying the semi-finished catalyst B for 3 hours at 110 ℃, and roasting the semi-finished catalyst B for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst C.

Before use, the mixture is placed in a fixed bed reaction device and is mixed with N₂:H₂Reducing the mixed gas at the temperature of 170 ℃ for 12h under the condition of 1: 1.

Example 6

Preparing a catalyst:

(2) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate, dissolving the palladium nitrate in water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane and TritonX-100, and fully stirring 6.03g of n-hexanol to form microemulsion. Adding the semi-finished catalyst A into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 4 hours, washing to be neutral by deionized water, drying for 4 hours at 90 ℃, and roasting for 2 hours at 600 ℃. Obtaining a semi-finished product catalyst B.

(3) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate salt, dissolving in water, adjusting the pH value to 2, adding the semi-finished catalyst B into a Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 1h, drying for 2h at 110 ℃, and roasting for 6h at 380 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst C.

Before use, the mixture is placed in a fixed bed reaction device and is mixed with N₂:H₂Reducing the mixed gas at 150 ℃ for 12h under the condition of 1: 1.

Comparative example 1

Preparing a catalyst:

(1) weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving the nickel nitrate in 70ml of deionized water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane, Triton X-100 and n-butanol, fully stirring to form a microemulsion, dipping the carrier into the prepared microemulsion, washing the carrier to be neutral by using the deionized water after dipping for 1 hour, drying the carrier for 2 hours at 120 ℃, and roasting the carrier for 5 hours at 550 ℃. A semi-finished catalyst A1 was obtained.

(2) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate, dissolving in deionized water, adjusting the pH value to 1, then soaking the semi-finished catalyst A into the prepared Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 1h, drying for 2h at 110 ℃, and roasting for 6h at 380 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst B1.

(3) Weighing nickel nitrate, preparing a solution by using deionized water, spraying the prepared solution onto a semi-finished catalyst B1, shaking, drying for 3 hours at 110 ℃ after the solution is completely absorbed, and roasting for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain the required catalyst.

Comparative example 2

Carrier: a commercially available spherical carrier with bimodal pore distribution and a diameter of 4mm is adopted, and the composition of the carrier is 90% of alumina and 10% of titanium oxide. After high-temperature roasting for 4 hours, 100g of the carrier is weighed, and the physical indexes are shown in table 1.

Preparing a catalyst:

(1) weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving copper nitrate in deionized water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane, 14.3g of Triton X-100 and 13.60g of n-hexanol, and fully stirring to form microemulsion. The carrier is added into the prepared microemulsion for dipping for 1 hour, washed to be neutral by deionized water, dried for 2 hours at 120 ℃ and roasted for 5 hours at 550 ℃. A semi-finished catalyst A1 was obtained.

(2) Weighing a certain amount of palladium nitrate salt, dissolving in water, adjusting the pH value to 2, adding the semi-finished catalyst A1 into a Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 1h, drying for 2h at 110 ℃, and roasting for 6h at 380 ℃ to obtain the finished catalyst.

Comparative example 3

Carrier: a commercially available spherical alumina support with monomodal pore distribution and a diameter of 4mm was used. After high-temperature roasting for 4 hours, 100g of the carrier is weighed, and the physical indexes are shown in table 1.

Preparing a catalyst:

(1) weighing a certain amount of palladium chloride salt, dissolving in water, adjusting the pH value to 3, adding the weighed carrier into a Pd salt solution, soaking and adsorbing for 2h, drying at 120 ℃ for 1h, and roasting at 450 ℃ for 4h to obtain a semi-finished catalyst A1.

(2) Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving the nickel nitrate in deionized water, soaking the semi-finished catalyst A1 in the prepared solution, drying the solution for 4 hours at 100 ℃ after the solution is completely absorbed, and roasting the solution for 6 hours at 400 ℃ to obtain the required catalyst.

The contents of the components in the catalyst are shown in Table 2.

Comparative example 4

Preparing a catalyst:

(2) Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, dissolving the nickel nitrate in deionized water, adding the semi-finished catalyst A into the prepared solution, drying the mixture for 3 hours at 110 ℃, and roasting the mixture for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished catalyst B.

(3) Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate and ferric chloride, dissolving in water, adding a certain amount of cyclohexane and TritonX-100, and fully stirring 6.03g of n-hexanol to form microemulsion. Adding the semi-finished catalyst B into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 4 hours, washing to be neutral by deionized water, drying for 4 hours at 90 ℃, and roasting for 2 hours at 600 ℃. And obtaining the finished catalyst.

Table 1 physical properties of catalyst supports in examples and comparative examples

TABLE 2 content of active components of catalysts in examples and comparative examples

The performance of the catalyst is evaluated in a fixed bed single-stage reactor. The reaction mass composition is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 reaction Mass composition (phi%)

The catalyst evaluation results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 catalyst evaluation conditions and Performance

The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for removing alkyne in a hydrogenation process before deethanization before carbon dioxide, wherein the top effluent from a front deethanizer in an ethylene device in the hydrogenation process before deethanization enters a hydrogenation reactor for selective hydrogenation to remove acetylene; inlet hydrogenation reaction conditions: the inlet temperature of the reactor is 50-100 ℃, the reaction pressure is 3.0-4.5 MPa, and the reaction volume space velocity is 5000-20000 h^-1Preferred hydrogenation conditions are: the inlet temperature is 60-95 ℃, the reaction pressure is 2.8-3.8 MPa, and the volume space velocity is 8000-15000 h^-1(ii) a The catalyst carrier is alumina or mainly alumina and has a bimodal pore distribution structure; the catalyst at least contains Pd, Ni, Cu,wherein Pd and Ni are loaded in a microemulsion mode and a solution mode, and Cu is loaded in the microemulsion mode; the catalyst comprises, by mass, 100%, 0.03-0.04% of solution-supported Pd, preferably 0.032-0.035%, 2.5-3.5% of solution-supported Ni and 2.6-3.2% of solution-supported Pd by weight, 1.0-4.5% of microemulsion-supported Ni, preferably 1.5-3.0% of microemulsion-supported Ni by weight, 0.1-1.0% of Cu and 0.3-0.7% of microemulsion-supported Ni by weight, and 1/250-1/400% of microemulsion-supported Ni + Cu by weight, preferably 1/300-1/350% of microemulsion-supported Pd.

2. The alkyne removal method of claim 1, wherein: the reactor is a heat-insulating bed, and two or three sections of acetylene removal devices are connected in series.

3. The alkyne removal method of claim 1, wherein: in percentage by volume, in the catalytic reaction material entering the first bed reactor, 200-2000 μ L/L of CO, 15-25% of hydrogen, 28-40% of methane, 0.5-1.0% of acetylene, 30-45% of ethylene and 5-10% of ethane.

4. The alkyne removal method of claim 1, wherein: the carrier is alumina or mainly alumina Al₂O₃The crystal form is a theta and alpha mixed crystal form, the mass fraction of alumina in the catalyst carrier is more than 80%, the pore diameter of a small hole of the carrier is 55-72 nm, and the pore diameter of a large hole is 300-640 nm.

5. The alkyne-removing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution loading of Pd and Ni is carried out by saturation impregnation during the preparation of the catalyst.

6. The alkyne removal method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microemulsion loading process comprises: dissolving precursor salt in water, adding oil phase, surfactant and cosurfactant, and stirring to form microemulsion, wherein the oil phase is alkane or cycloalkane, the surfactant is ionic surfactant and/or nonionic surfactant, and the cosurfactant is organic alcohol.

7. The alkyne-removing method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the oil phase is C6-C8 saturated or cyclic alkanes such as cyclohexane and n-hexane; the surfactant is ionic surfactant and/or nonionic surfactant, such as nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether or cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; the cosurfactant is C4-C6 alcohol, such as n-butanol and/or n-pentanol.

8. An alkyne removal method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the weight ratio of the surfactant to the co-surfactant in the microemulsion is 1.0-1.2, the weight ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 4.0-5.0, and the weight ratio of the surfactant to the oil phase is 0.10-0.40.

9. The alkyne removal method as recited in claim 1, wherein the order of the solution loading of Pd and the loading of Ni/Cu is not limited during the preparation of the catalyst, the step of loading Pd by microemulsion is after the step of loading Ni and Cu by microemulsion, and the step of loading Ni by solution is after the step of loading Pd by solution.

10. The alkyne removal method as recited in claim 1, wherein the preparation process using the catalyst comprises the following steps:

(1) dissolving precursor salts of Ni and Cu in water, adding metered oil phase, surfactant and cosurfactant, fully stirring to form microemulsion, controlling the particle size of the microemulsion to be larger than 72nm and smaller than 640nm, adding a carrier into the prepared microemulsion, soaking for 0.5-4 hours, filtering out residual liquid, drying for 1-6 hours at 80-120 ℃, and roasting for 2-8 hours at 400-600 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product catalyst A;

(3) the Ni is loaded by a solution saturation impregnation method, namely the prepared nickel solution is 80-110% of the saturation water absorption of the carrier, the semi-finished catalyst B is precipitated for 0.5-2 h after being loaded with Ni, dried for 1-4 h at 100-120 ℃, and roasted for 4-6 h at 400-550 ℃ to obtain the semi-finished catalyst C;