CN112679139B - Acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material, and belongs to the technical field of impermeable materials. The raw material components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 70-75% of fine sand, 2-3% of sodium bentonite, 4-5% of high molecular polymer and 15-20% of water, wherein the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide. The invention also provides a preparation method of the acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material. The material has better anti-seepage performance in strong acid, strong alkali and salt environments, the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, and the preparation method is simple. The concrete has good ductility and cohesive force, is easy to lay and roll and compact, can be applied to slope construction, has a slope of 45 degrees, is resistant to differential settlement and high temperature, is suitable for laying under extreme conditions, and has good durability and long service time. The anti-seepage material with the thickness of 5-7cm can be used for replacing a natural clay anti-seepage layer with the thickness of 0.75-2 m, and the storage capacity is enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anti-seepage materials, in particular to an acid and alkali resistant anti-seepage PMSB material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the anti-seepage technology is widely applied to industrial and civil buildings such as industrial slag storehouses, heavy metal-containing tailing storehouses, industrial plant areas, tank areas, polluted sites, riverways and ponds, reservoirs and dams and the like, and provides reliable and long-term protection for underground water, air and soil. The anti-seepage material mainly comprises natural clay, an HDPE anti-seepage film and a modified anti-seepage material.
At present, natural clay layer liners are used as impermeable layer materials in tailing ponds, industrial waste residue landfill sites, garbage landfill sites and artificial river channels, the thickness of the natural clay layer liners is 0.75-2 m, the natural clay layer liners occupy the storage capacity, soil taking is difficult, and the permeability coefficient is uneven. China generally lacks high-quality natural clay layers, and the permeability coefficient of most of clay does not reach 10 of the specification requirement-7The cm/s requirement and the anti-seepage effect are difficult to ensure. And the HDPE impermeable membrane is high in manufacturing cost and is not suitable for large-scale popularization.
The Polymer Modified Sand and Bentonite (PMSB) material is a novel barrier and anti-seepage material. Patent No. CN 108793838A discloses a novel mineral barrier impermeable material based on tailings sand, which comprises the following components: 70-90% of tailing sand, 5-10% of bentonite, 0.1-1% of polymer and 10-20% of water. Wherein, the tailing sand and the bentonite have more consumption, and the material with 70-90 mm can replace a clay impermeable layer with the thickness of 5m, but still has the defect of poor acid and alkali resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defect that the anti-seepage material in the prior art is poor in acid and alkali resistance, and provides the acid and alkali resistant anti-seepage PMSB material and the preparation method thereof by modifying bentonite through the polymer and forming a compact structure by combining with fine sand.
The invention provides an acid and alkali resistant anti-seepage PMSB material which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 70-75% of fine sand, 2-3% of sodium bentonite, 4-5% of high molecular polymer and 15-20% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide; wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1:12-13, and the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.38-0.42.
Preferably, the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, wherein the dry weight content of the part with the particle size between 0.15 and 0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Preferably, the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment to obtain the cement.
Preferably, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the water in the sodium hydroxide water dissolution in the step S2 is 14: 90-100.
Preferably, the time of the heat preservation treatment is 2-3 h.
Preferably, the fine sand in step S1 has a particle size of 1mm or less, wherein the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50%; the water content is less than 12%.
Preferably, in step S1, the sodium bentonite contains montmorillonite with an effective component of more than 70% by dry weight, the bentonite has a water content of less than 13% and an expansion index of greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
The fine sand has certain pores, and the bentonite can expand to fill the pore structure when absorbing proper moisture, so that a more compact sand structure is formed. The sandy soil structure is mixed with a high molecular polymer, and the polymer generates three-dimensional crosslinking and bonding action in the sandy soil structure during addition polymerization reaction to form a powerful three-dimensional space network structure with a gel structure, so that ultrafine particles in the structure are prevented from being carried away by water, and a novel modified impermeable material with excellent performance and extremely low permeability is formed.
The performance of the bentonite can be reduced under the acid-base environment, and exchangeable cations in the bentonite are easily replaced under the influence of the acid-base environment, so that the anti-seepage performance is influenced. The bentonite and the polymer contain a large amount of strong hydrophilic group hydroxyl, form a unique three-dimensional network structure with the fine sand, can quickly absorb a large amount of liquid water through hydration, and have the characteristics of high crosslinking density and high water-retaining property. Meanwhile, under the protection of a three-dimensional space network structure, the bentonite is not easy to be subjected to the action of acid and alkali ions to generate structural change, so that the stability of the material in an acid and alkali environment is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention takes fine sand, sodium bentonite and prepared high molecular polymer as raw materials to prepare an acid and alkali resistant type anti-seepage PMSB material, and the permeability coefficient of the material can reach 10 under the pure water saturated environment-8cm/s, which is reduced by an order of magnitude compared with the same product on the market, and the anti-seepage effect is 10 times of that of the product and is far higher than 10 of the standard requirement-7cm/s; the permeability coefficient after soaking for one week in a strong acid environment is 10-7cm/s, meets the standard requirement, and the like products in the market are reduced to 10-5cm/s, seepage control failure; the permeability coefficient is not influenced under the strong alkaline environment, and is still kept to be more than 6 x 10 under the condition of pH =11-8The seepage-proofing coefficient of cm/s is higher than the specification requirement. The material also has good ductility and cohesive force, is easy to lay and roll and compact, can be applied to slope construction, has the slope of 45 degrees, is resistant to differential settlement and high temperature, is suitable for laying under extreme conditions, has good durability and long service time, and still has excellent anti-permeability performance in the environment with different salt ions. The anti-seepage material with the thickness of 5-7cm can replace a natural clay anti-seepage layer with the thickness of 0.75-2 m, so that the storage capacity is enlarged, and the construction is convenient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of an impermeable PMSB material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 75% of fine sand, 3% of sodium bentonite, 4.8% of high molecular polymer and 17.2% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide;
wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 12.7.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.41.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 349.2 g of clean fine sand and 10.8 g of sodium bentonite in a container, adding 1.2g of methacrylamide, adding water in a stirring machine, and carrying out primary stirring and mixing;
s2, taking 15.2g of acrylic acid in a container, dissolving 6.3 g of sodium hydroxide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water tank, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, and continuously stirring while keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5 min;
s5, taking out the uniformly stirred slurry, and placing the slurry in an environment with a constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours.
Example 2
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 70% of fine sand, 2% of sodium bentonite, 4% of high molecular polymer and 24% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide;
wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1:12.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.38.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, putting 350.1 g of clean fine sand and 10g of sodium bentonite into a container, adding 1.1g of methacrylamide, adding water into a stirring machine, and carrying out primary stirring and mixing;
s2, taking 13.6 g of acrylic acid in a container, dissolving 5.2g of sodium hydroxide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:90, and fully cooling to room temperature;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water tank, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, and continuously stirring while keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5 min;
s5, taking out the uniformly stirred slurry, and placing the slurry in an environment with a constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 2 hours.
Example 3
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 73% of fine sand, 2% of sodium bentonite, 4.5% of high molecular polymer and 20.5% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide;
wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the sodium acrylate is 1: 13.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.42.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 352.1 g of clean fine sand and 9.6 g of sodium bentonite in a container, adding 1.2g of methacrylamide, adding water in a stirring machine, and carrying out primary stirring and mixing;
s2, taking 14.4 g of acrylic acid in a container, dissolving 6.1 g of sodium hydroxide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water tank, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, and continuously stirring while keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5 min;
s5, taking out the uniformly stirred slurry, and placing the slurry in an environment with a constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 2 hours.
Comparative example 1
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 75% of fine sand, 5% of sodium bentonite, 6% of high molecular polymer and 14% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide;
wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 12.7.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.41.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours to obtain the cement.
Comparative example 2
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 70% of fine sand, 1% of sodium bentonite, 6% of high molecular polymer and 23% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide;
wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 12.7;
wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.41.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours to obtain the cement.
Comparative example 3
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 70% of fine sand, 3% of sodium bentonite, 3% of high molecular polymer and 24% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide;
wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 12.7.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.41.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours to obtain the cement.
Comparative example 4
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 75% of fine sand, 3% of sodium bentonite, 4.8% of high molecular polymer and 17.2% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 10.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.41.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours to obtain the cement.
Comparative example 5
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 75% of fine sand, 3% of sodium bentonite, 4.8% of high molecular polymer and 17.2% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 12.7.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.35.
Wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours to obtain the cement.
Comparative example 6
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 75% of fine sand, 3% of sodium bentonite, 4.8% of high molecular polymer and 17.2% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 15.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.41.
wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours to obtain the cement.
Comparative example 7
An acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 75% of fine sand, 3% of sodium bentonite, 4.8% of high molecular polymer and 17.2% of water; the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 12.7.
Wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.45.
Wherein the particle size of the fine sand is less than or equal to 1mm, and the dry weight content of the part of the fine sand with the particle size of 0.15-0.7mm is more than 50 percent; the water content is less than 12%.
Wherein the sodium bentonite contains effective component montmorillonite with dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of the bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
A preparation method of an acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 14:100, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment for 3 hours to obtain the cement.
The materials obtained in examples and comparative examples were immersed in pure water at pH =1 and pH =11 for one week, and the permeability coefficients thereof were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the permeation coefficient of the impermeable PMSB material prepared in the example in a pure water environment exceeds 1.4X 10- 8A permeability coefficient of more than 1.1X 10 in a strongly acidic environment of cm/s, pH =1-7cm/s, pH =11, a permeability coefficient in a strongly alkaline environment higher than 6 × 10-8cm/s. The reason is that fine sand, bentonite and high molecular polymer form a powerful three-dimensional space network structure with a gel structure in the addition polymerization reaction process, so that better acid and alkali resistance is obtained.
According to the permeability coefficients of the comparative examples, the permeability coefficients of the comparative examples 1-3 are reduced under the conditions of pure water, strong acid and strong base by changing the content of each component in the formula of the impermeable PMSB material on the basis of the example 1. Wherein, the content of bentonite and polymer is increased in comparative example 1 based on example 1, and the permeability coefficient of the obtained impermeable material is slightly reduced in a pure water environment, but is greatly reduced in a strong acid and strong alkali environment; comparative example 2 the permeability coefficient of the obtained impermeable material is reduced relative to that of comparative example 1 on the basis of that of comparative example 1 and the content of bentonite is reduced; compared with the prior art, the content of the polymer is reduced on the basis of the embodiment 1, the permeability coefficient of the obtained impermeable material in a pure water environment is reduced by one order of magnitude compared with that of the impermeable material in the comparative example 1, the permeability coefficient in a strong alkali environment is slightly lower, the permeability coefficient of the impermeable material is related to the contents of fine sand, bentonite and the polymer, and when the contents are changed, the three-dimensional space network structure in the impermeable material is unstable, so that the permeability coefficient in the strong acid and strong alkali environments is influenced. Comparative examples 4 and 6 change the mass ratio of methacrylamide to acrylic acid in the high molecular polymer based on example 1, and can find that the permeability coefficient is reduced sharply under the conditions of strong acid and strong alkali, which indicates that the high molecular polymer does not form a stable three-dimensional space network structure with fine sand and bentonite; comparative examples 5 and 7 change the mass ratio of acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in the polymer preparation process based on example 1, and the permeability coefficient is reduced under strong acid and strong alkali conditions, and the use standard is not met.
The anti-seepage PMSB material prepared by the embodiment of the invention with the thickness of 5-7cm can replace a natural clay anti-seepage layer with the thickness of 0.75-2 m, has good ductility and cohesive force, is easy to lay and roll compaction, can be applied to slope construction, has the gradient of 45 degrees (1: 1), is resistant to differential settlement and high temperature, is suitable for laying under extreme conditions, and has good durability and long service time. It should be noted that the impermeable PMSB materials prepared in the examples are prepared in the presence of different salt ions (such as Na)+、Ca2+、Mg2+Etc.) still has excellent anti-permeability performance in the presence of the environment.
In conclusion, the impermeable material provided by the invention improves the permeability coefficient in a pure water environment by changing the contents of the components of fine sand, bentonite and high molecular polymer; by optimizing the mass ratio of methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in the polymer, the high molecular polymer, fine sand and bentonite form a stable three-dimensional space network structure, so that the strong acid and strong alkali resistance of the polymer is improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 70-75% of fine sand, 2-3% of sodium bentonite, 4-5% of high molecular polymer and 15-20% of water;
the high molecular polymer is prepared from methacrylamide, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide;
the mass ratio of the methacrylamide to the acrylic acid is 1: 12-13;
the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.38-0.42;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking clean fine sand and sodium bentonite according to a weight ratio, adding methacrylamide and a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand-soil mixture;
s2, weighing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide in a container according to the mass ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in water, and fully cooling to room temperature to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, placing the acrylic acid container in a water bath environment, gradually adding a sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature change of the container less than 10 ℃ all the time in the adding process, and continuously stirring until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
s4, adding the sodium acrylate monomer solution fully reacted in the step S3 into the sand-soil mixture prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring until the whole soil body is sticky, and continuously stirring for 3-5min to obtain slurry;
s5, taking out the slurry uniformly stirred in the step S4, and placing the slurry in an environment with the constant temperature of 75 ℃ for heat preservation treatment to obtain the cement.
2. The acid and alkali resistance type seepage-proofing PMSB material according to claim 1, wherein the fine sand has a particle size of 1mm or less, wherein the dry weight content of the part with the particle size between 0.15 mm and 0.7mm is more than 50%; the water content is less than 12%.
3. The acid and alkali resistant impermeable PMSB material of claim 1, wherein the sodium bentonite contains montmorillonite with effective component dry weight content of more than 70%, the water content of bentonite is less than 13%, and the swelling index is greater than or equal to 24mL/2 g.
4. The acid and alkali resistance type impermeable PMSB material according to claim 1, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of sodium hydroxide and water in the sodium hydroxide water dissolution in step S2 is 14: 90-100.
5. The acid and alkali resistance type impermeable PMSB material according to claim 1, wherein the time of the heat preservation treatment is 2-3 h.
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| CN115259769B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-02-14 | 湖南大学 | Polymer modified sandy soil composite anti-seepage gasket and preparation method thereof |
| CN115925380A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-04-07 | 湖南沿湖建设工程有限公司 | Phosphogypsum composite sandy soil impermeable material with crack self-healing property and preparation method thereof |
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