CN112678921B - Preparation method of high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment - Google Patents
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Abstract
A preparation method of a high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment belongs to the fields of metal porous functional material preparation technology and sewage treatment. According to the method, a hole construction design idea is adopted, based on the particle size grading and pore-forming technology of powder raw materials, hydrogenated titanium powder with different particle sizes, a pore-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a binder and a plasticizer are mixed in a solvent to obtain uniform slurry, a casting film belt is obtained through casting forming of a casting machine, and then the high-performance porous titanium flexible film with a hierarchical pore structure and high porosity is prepared through degreasing, pore-forming agent removal, sintering and combination of an electrochemical anodic oxidation method. The flexible membrane with the thickness of less than 0.60mm prepared by the method has the characteristics of high porosity (45-70%) and a hierarchical pore structure, greatly improves the specific surface area of an electrode material, accelerates the absorption and desorption rate of a reaction substrate/product, and effectively improves the organic matter degradation efficiency and the sewage treatment capacity. The synergistic effects of organic matter degradation, filtration and purification, sterilization and disinfection are considered, and the multifunctional sewage treatment, high-flux, stable and efficient treatment can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal porous functional material preparation technology and sewage treatment environment protection, and provides a preparation method of a high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment.
Background
In recent years, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of environmental pollution is increasingly aggravated, and sewage treatment is one of the important environmental problems facing human survival and social development. Therefore, in order to meet the urgent needs of the environmental protection field for sewage treatment, it is important to efficiently degrade harmful organic substances in sewage and improve the sewage treatment capacity. The metal porous titanium film is one of the most widely used electrode materials in sewage treatment due to excellent electrochemical organic matter degradation capability, conductivity, nontoxicity, environmental friendliness, corrosion resistance and the like.
However, the traditional titanium-based electrode material has bottleneck problems of low specific surface, small porosity, low flux, low degradation efficiency and the like due to a single pore structure. Furthermore, the processing efficiency and flux of the electrode material depend not only on the pore structure, but also are closely related to the mass transport layer thickness and conformation of the material. At present, the common porous titanium electrode has the problems of thicker mass transfer layer and poor flexibility, the mass transfer efficiency cannot be further improved, and the common porous titanium electrode is difficult to adapt to the complex structure requirements of different working conditions.
Therefore, the titanium-based electrode material needs to be subjected to pore structure reconstruction design, pore structure, pore size distribution and mass transfer layer structure are optimized, the high-performance titanium flexible membrane is prepared, the synergistic effect of sewage organic matter degradation, filtration and purification, sterilization and disinfection is achieved, and high-flux, stable and efficient sewage treatment is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment, which realizes high-flux, stable and high-efficiency sewage treatment and solves the problems of low specific surface area, poor mass transfer performance, low efficiency, poor stability and the like widely existing in the traditional sewage treatment electrode material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: according to the method, a hole construction design idea is adopted, based on the particle size distribution of powder raw materials and a pore-forming technology, hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium powder with different particle sizes, a pore-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a binder and a plasticizer are mixed in a solvent to obtain uniform slurry, a tape casting film is obtained through tape casting of a tape casting machine, and then the tape casting film is degreased, the pore-forming agent is removed, sintering is carried out, and an electrochemical anodic oxidation method is combined to prepare a high-performance porous titanium flexible film with a hierarchical pore structure and high porosity.
A preparation method of a high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) A100-mesh titanium wire mesh is selected as a carrier of the porous flexible membrane, and the porous flexible membrane is cleaned by alcohol before use and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for later use.
(2) The hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium powder with different grain size distributions, a pore-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a binder and a plasticizer are uniformly mixed in a solvent to form stable tape-casting slurry. The dispersing agent is Hypermer KD-1, the binder is polyvinyl butyral (PVB), the plasticizer is polyvinyl alcohol (PEG), and the solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and butanone in a mass ratio of 1.
(3) And pouring the prepared slurry into a trough of a casting machine, carrying out casting forming, controlling the heights of a scraper and a substrate and adjusting the casting speed, casting a casting film belt with different thicknesses, and taking out the casting film belt after drying on the casting machine.
(4) And (4) placing the tape-casting film strips with different thicknesses in the step (3) in a high-purity argon atmosphere, controlling the heating rate at 0.5-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1-10 h for degreasing at the temperature of 600-800 ℃.
(5) And (3) placing the casting film strip degreased in the step (4) in deionized water for soaking for 12-48 h, removing a pore-forming agent NaCl, placing in a vacuum drying oven, and drying at 70 ℃ for 4-12 h to obtain a green blank film strip.
(6) Putting the green blank film belt obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10 -2 Pa, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, and the porous titanium flexible membrane with the hierarchical pore structure is obtained by keeping the temperature at 1200-1400 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
(7) Taking the porous titanium flexible membrane obtained in the step (6) as an anode and the graphite sheet as a cathode, performing electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment, and constructing nano TiO on the surface of the titanium flexible membrane 2 And oxidizing the layer. 0.25wt% of electrolyte used 4 F and 2vol% glycol solution, the anodic oxidation voltage is 40-60V, and the oxidation time is 5-20 min.
Further, the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder with different grain size grades in the step (2) has a coarse powder grain size of 200 meshes and a fine powder grain size of 500 meshes, the fine powder accounts for 20-50% of the mass fraction of the raw material powder, and the pore-forming agent is NaCl powder with a grain size of 50-100 μm.
Further, the casting slurry in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20 to 40 percent of hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder with 200 meshes, 10 to 20 percent of hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder with 500 meshes, 5 to 15 percent of NaCl powder, 0.5 to 1 percent of Hypermer KD-1, 2 to 3.5 percent of polyvinyl butyral, 1.5 to 3 percent of polyethylene glycol and the balance of organic solvent mixed by absolute ethyl alcohol and butanone.
Further, the height between the scraper and the substrate in the step (3) is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the casting speed is 0.2-1 m/min.
Furthermore, the pore diameter of the big pores in the hierarchical pore structure in the step (6) is in the range of 40-100 μm, and the pore diameter of the small pores is in the range of 3-10 μm.
Further, the porosity of the porous titanium flexible film in the step (6) can reach 45% -70%, and the thickness of the porous titanium flexible film is 0.4-1.0 mm.
Further, the nano TiO obtained by the anode oxidation treatment in the step (7) 2 The height of the array is 50-150 nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following main advantages:
1. the porous titanium flexible membrane prepared by the invention optimizes the pore structure and distribution, has the characteristics of high porosity (45-70%) and a multi-level pore structure, greatly improves the specific surface area of an electrode material, accelerates the absorption and desorption rate of a reaction substrate/product, and effectively improves the organic matter degradation efficiency and the sewage treatment capacity.
2. The casting technology is used for preparing the porous titanium flexible membrane material for treating sewage, the thickness of the membrane can be effectively reduced, the flexible membrane with the thickness of less than 0.60mm is prepared, the mass transfer path can be effectively reduced, and the treatment flux is greatly improved.
3. The flexible membrane prepared by the invention can be folded, can meet different working condition requirements (such as pipelines) of sewage treatment, has excellent weldability and back flushing performance, and can realize the functions of repeated use and prolonged service life.
4. The porous flexible membrane electrode material prepared by the invention has the synergistic effects of organic matter degradation, filtration and purification, sterilization and disinfection, and can realize the multifunction of sewage treatment and high-flux, stable and efficient treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Choose 100 meshThe titanium wire mesh is cleaned by alcohol and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ to be used as the porous titanium flexible membrane carrier. Uniformly mixing 35% of 200-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 15% of 500-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 10% of NaCl powder, 0.8% of Hypermer KD-1, 3% of polyvinyl butyral, 2.5% of polyethylene glycol, 33.7% of anhydrous ethanol and butanone mixed organic solvent to obtain casting slurry. And pouring the casting slurry into a casting machine, adjusting the height of a scraper to be 1.0mm, adjusting the casting speed to be 0.50m/min, naturally drying the obtained casting film belt, putting the casting film belt into an argon atmosphere, raising the temperature to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.0 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation for 10 hours for degreasing treatment. And (3) soaking the casting film band subjected to degreasing treatment in deionized water for 12h, removing the pore-forming agent, and then placing the casting film band in a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 4h at 70 ℃ to obtain a green body film band. And (3) heating the green blank membrane tape to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in a high vacuum environment, and preserving the heat for 1h to obtain the porous titanium flexible membrane with the hierarchical pore structure. The porous titanium flexible membrane was subjected to 0.25wt% 4 F and 2vol% ethylene glycol solution are subjected to anodic oxidation treatment, the anodic oxidation voltage is 60V, the oxidation time is 5min, and the nano TiO with the surface is obtained 2 And the porous titanium flexible membrane is covered by the oxide layer.
Through detection, the porosity of the high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane prepared by the embodiment is as high as 55%, the pore diameter of a large pore is 60-100 mu m, the pore diameter of a small pore is 3-5 mu m, and the specific surface area is 5.7cm 2 G, the film thickness is 0.60mm, and the surface is nano TiO 2 The layer height is 70nm, and the TOC degradation efficiency of the porous titanium flexible membrane for typical personal care products (PPCPs) in water is 60% when the porous titanium flexible membrane is applied to sewage treatment.
Example 2
A100-mesh titanium wire mesh is selected, cleaned by alcohol, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ and used as the porous titanium flexible membrane carrier. Uniformly mixing 200-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder with the mass fraction of 30%, 10% of 500-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 15% of NaCl powder, 0.6% of Hypermer KD-1, 2.5% of polyvinyl butyral, 2.5% of polyethylene glycol, 39.4% of anhydrous ethanol and butanone mixed organic solvent to obtain casting slurry. Pouring the casting slurry into a casting machine, adjusting the height of a scraper to be 0.8mm, and adjusting the casting speedThe temperature is 1.0m/min, the obtained tape casting film is naturally dried and then put into argon atmosphere, and the temperature is raised to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min and is kept for 5h for degreasing treatment. And (3) soaking the casting film band subjected to degreasing treatment in deionized water for 24h, removing the pore-forming agent, and then placing the casting film band in a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 6h at 70 ℃ to obtain a green body film band. And (3) heating the green blank membrane strip to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min in a high vacuum environment, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the porous titanium flexible membrane with the hierarchical pore structure. The porous titanium flexible membrane was subjected to 0.25wt% 4 F and 2vol% ethylene glycol solution are subjected to anodic oxidation treatment, the anodic oxidation voltage is 50V, the oxidation time is 10min, and the nano TiO with the surface is obtained 2 And the porous titanium flexible membrane is covered by the oxide layer.
Through detection, the porosity of the high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane prepared by the embodiment is as high as 62%, the pore diameter of a large pore is 70-80 mu m, the pore diameter of a small pore is 6-8 mu m, and the specific surface area is 6.1cm 2 Per g, film thickness of 0.45mm, surface nano TiO 2 The thickness of the layer is 90nm, and the TOC degradation efficiency of the porous titanium flexible membrane for typical personal care products (PPCPs) pollutants in a water body is 65% when the porous titanium flexible membrane is applied to sewage treatment.
Example 3
A100-mesh titanium wire mesh is selected, cleaned by alcohol, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ and used as the porous titanium flexible membrane carrier. Uniformly mixing 40 mass percent of 200-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 20 mass percent of 500-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 5 mass percent of NaCl powder, 1 mass percent of Hypermer KD-1, 3.5 mass percent of polyvinyl butyral, 3 mass percent of polyethylene glycol, 27.5 mass percent of anhydrous ethanol and butanone mixed organic solvent to obtain casting slurry. And pouring the casting slurry into a casting machine, adjusting the height of a scraper to be 1.5mm, adjusting the casting speed to be 0.8m/min, naturally drying the obtained casting film belt, putting the casting film belt into an argon atmosphere, and raising the temperature to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min for heat preservation for 2h for degreasing treatment. And (3) placing the casting film band subjected to degreasing treatment into deionized water to be soaked for 36h, removing the pore-forming agent, and placing the casting film band in a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 8h at 70 ℃ to obtain a green body film band. And (3) heating the green film strip to 1400 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min in a high vacuum environment, and preserving the heat for 0.5h to obtain the porous titanium flexible film with the hierarchical pore structure. The porous titanium flexible membrane is placed in a position of 0.25wt%NH 4 F and 2vol% ethylene glycol solution are subjected to anodic oxidation treatment, the anodic oxidation voltage is 40V, the oxidation time is 10min, and the nano TiO with the surface is obtained 2 And the porous titanium flexible membrane is covered by the oxide layer.
Through detection, the porosity of the high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane prepared by the embodiment is up to 45 percent, the pore diameter of a big pore is 40-60 mu m, the pore diameter of a small pore is 3-5 mu m, and the specific surface area is 4.8cm 2 Per g, film thickness of 0.85mm, surface nano TiO 2 The layer height is 100nm, and the TOC degradation efficiency of the porous titanium flexible membrane for typical personal care products (PPCPs) in water is 80% when the porous titanium flexible membrane is applied to sewage treatment.
Example 4
A100-mesh titanium wire mesh is selected, cleaned by alcohol, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ and used as the porous titanium flexible membrane carrier. Uniformly mixing 20 mass percent of 200-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 10 mass percent of 500-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 15 mass percent of NaCl powder, 0.6 mass percent of Hypermer KD-1, 2 mass percent of polyvinyl butyral, 2.5 mass percent of polyethylene glycol, 49.9 mass percent of anhydrous ethanol and butanone mixed organic solvent to obtain casting slurry. And pouring the casting slurry into a casting machine, adjusting the height of a scraper to be 1.5mm, adjusting the casting speed to be 1.0m/min, naturally drying the obtained casting film belt, putting the casting film belt into an argon atmosphere, raising the temperature to 650 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation for 8 hours for degreasing treatment. And (3) placing the casting film band subjected to degreasing treatment into deionized water for soaking for 48h, removing the pore-forming agent, and placing the casting film band in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 12h at 70 ℃ to obtain a green body film band. And (3) heating the green film strip to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in a high vacuum environment, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the porous titanium flexible film with the hierarchical pore structure. The porous titanium flexible membrane was subjected to 0.25wt% 4 F and 2vol% glycol solution are subjected to anodic oxidation treatment, the anodic oxidation voltage is 50V, the oxidation time is 15min, and the surface nano TiO is obtained 2 And the porous titanium flexible membrane is covered by the oxide layer.
Through detection, the porosity of the high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane prepared by the embodiment is up to 68 percent, the pore diameter of a big pore is 80-100 mu m, the pore diameter of a small pore is 7-10 mu m, and the specific surface area is 6.4cm 2 Per g, film thickness of 0.70mm, surface nano TiO 2 The layer height is 120nm, and the TOC degradation efficiency of the porous titanium flexible membrane for typical personal care products (PPCPs) in water is 70% when the porous titanium flexible membrane is applied to sewage treatment.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) Selecting a 100-mesh titanium wire mesh as a carrier of the porous flexible membrane, cleaning the porous flexible membrane with alcohol before use, and drying the porous flexible membrane in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for later use;
(2) Uniformly mixing hydrogenated dehydrotitanium powder with different grain size distributions, a pore-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a binder and a plasticizer in a solvent to form stable tape-casting slurry; the used dispersing agent is Hypermer KD-1, the binder is polyvinyl butyral, the plasticizer is polyethylene glycol, and the solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and butanone with the mass ratio of 1;
(3) Pouring the slurry prepared in the step (2) into a trough of a casting machine, carrying out casting forming, controlling the height between a scraper and a substrate and adjusting the casting speed, casting cast film belts with different thicknesses, and taking out the cast film belts after drying on the casting machine;
(4) Placing the tape casting film strips with different thicknesses in the step (3) in a high-purity argon atmosphere, controlling the heating rate at 0.5-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 1-10 h for degreasing at the temperature of 600-800 ℃;
(5) Placing the casting film strip degreased in the step (4) in deionized water for soaking for 12-48 h, removing a pore-forming agent NaCl, placing in a vacuum drying oven, and drying at 70 ℃ for 4-12 h to obtain a green blank film strip;
(6) Putting the green blank film belt obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10 -2 Pa, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, and the porous titanium flexible membrane with the hierarchical pore structure is obtained by keeping the temperature at 1200-1400 ℃ for 0.5-2 h;
(7) Taking the porous titanium flexible membrane obtained in the step (6) as an anode and the graphite sheet as a cathode, performing electrochemical anodic oxidation treatment, and constructing nano TiO on the surface of the porous titanium flexible membrane 2 An oxide layer; 0.25wt% of the electrolyte used 4 F and 2vol% ethylene glycol solutionThe anodic oxidation voltage is 40-60V, and the oxidation time is 5-20 min;
nano TiO obtained by electrochemical anode oxidation treatment in step (7) 2 The height of the oxidation layer is 50-150 nm;
the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder with different grain size grading in the step (2), wherein the grain size of the coarse powder is 200 meshes, the grain size of the fine powder is 500 meshes, and the pore-forming agent is NaCl powder with the grain size of 50-100 mu m;
the casting slurry in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40% of 200-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 10-20% of 500-mesh hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium powder, 5-15% of NaCl powder, 0.5-1% of Hypermer KD-1, 2-3.5% of polyvinyl butyral, 1.5-3% of polyethylene glycol and the balance of an organic solvent mixed by absolute ethyl alcohol and butanone;
the pore diameter range of the big pores in the hierarchical pore structure in the step (6) is 40-100 μm, and the pore diameter range of the small pores is 3-10 μm.
2. The method for preparing a high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the scraper and the substrate in the step (3) is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the casting speed is 0.2-1 m/min.
3. The method for preparing a high-performance porous titanium flexible membrane for sewage treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the porosity of the porous titanium flexible membrane in the step (6) can reach 45% -70%, and the thickness of the porous titanium flexible membrane is 0.4-1.0 mm.
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JP2014084505A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-12 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing a porous thin titanium film |
CN107020074A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | 中国科学院大学 | A kind of electro-catalysis POROUS TITANIUM filter membrane with micro-nano structure and preparation method thereof |
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