CN112676365A - Equipment and method for continuously extruding large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar - Google Patents
Equipment and method for continuously extruding large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to equipment for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar, which comprises an extrusion wheel, a compaction wheel, an expansion forming device, a water tank and a take-up device, wherein a feeding rod enters between the extrusion wheel and the compaction wheel, the extrusion wheel is fed into the expansion forming device for continuous extrusion to obtain a large-diameter extrusion rod, and the extrusion rod is cooled by the water tank and then wound on the take-up device. According to the invention, the length of the expansion area of the cavity body is lengthened, the right-angle channel structure is optimized, the secondary expansion angle is increased, the continuous extrusion of the large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy extrusion rod is realized, the problems of no filling, cracking and material shortage of the extrusion rod, large load of the extruder, difficult demolding and the like during the extrusion of the large-diameter copper-magnesium alloy extrusion rod are solved, and the continuous production of the extrusion rod for the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy contact wire with the magnesium content of 0.3-0.7% and the diameter of 30-45mm is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal extrusion molding, in particular to equipment and a method for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar.
Background
The existing copper and copper alloy contact wires can be divided into four types of pure copper, copper-silver alloy, copper-tin alloy and copper-magnesium alloy according to the material, are suitable for electric locomotives with the highest operation speed of 350Km/h or less, and the processing technology of the contact wires is generally upward continuous casting, continuous extrusion and drawing forming. With the progress of science and technology, the research on high-speed railways at home and abroad is deepened gradually, and the running speed of a high-speed train is higher and higher. In order for high speed trains to operate smoothly at higher hourly speeds, high strength contact lines must be employed. In recent years, researchers in various circles mainly focus on the copper-chromium-zirconium contact wire, but the research on the high-strength contact wire still has a plurality of problems in the aspects of large length introduction, stable performance and the like, the existing copper-magnesium alloy contact wire has low tensile strength and cannot meet the requirement of higher-speed operation of an electric locomotive, and the research on the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy contact wire is not provided in the industry, so that the invention develops an expansion forming process and a tooling die for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar and is used for producing the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy contact wire.
Chinese patent CN208680200U discloses a combined die cavity for continuous extrusion molding of large-diameter bars, which comprises a cavity body and a cavity body cover, wherein the cavity body and the cavity body cover are respectively provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole; a cavity is defined between the cavity and the cavity cover, an extrusion die is fixedly embedded in the cavity, a calibration belt is formed in the extrusion die, and a horn cavity is formed in one side of the extrusion die; a plastic block is arranged in the horn cavity in a propping manner; a forming pad is embedded in the cavity, and a diversion trench is formed in the forming pad; the forming pad comprises a first forming pad and a second forming pad, and the diversion trench comprises a first diversion trench and a second diversion trench.
Chinese patent CN203253761U discloses an expansion molding device for continuously extruding a large-section copper bar, which comprises a cavity, wherein the cavity comprises a cavity panel and a cover plate, the cavity panel is fixedly connected with the cover plate, and an expansion cavity is formed in the joint of the cavity panel and the cover plate; and a gasket and a die are sequentially arranged in the expansion cavity.
The technical scheme is that the expanding forming device is developed aiming at aluminum and aluminum alloy, copper and copper alloy materials with good plasticity and easy expansion, and is not suitable for high-strength copper-magnesium alloy materials with high strength, poor plasticity and difficult filling, so that the expanding forming device aims at the problems that the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy has poor plasticity and difficult expansion, and is not filled frequently during continuous extrusion, an extrusion rod is cracked, the material is short, the load of an extruder is large and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides equipment and a method for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar, which realize continuous extrusion of a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy extrusion rod by lengthening the length of an expansion area of a cavity, optimizing a right-angle channel structure and increasing a secondary expansion angle, solve the problems of no filling, cracking and shortage of the extrusion rod, large load of an extruder, difficult demoulding and the like during extrusion of the large-diameter copper-magnesium alloy extrusion rod, and realize continuous production of the extrusion rod for the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy contact wire with the magnesium content of 0.3-0.7% and the diameter of 30-45 mm.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a device for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar comprises an extrusion wheel, a compaction wheel, an expansion forming device, a water tank and a take-up device, wherein a feeding rod enters between the extrusion wheel and the compaction wheel, the extrusion wheel is fed into the expansion forming device for continuous extrusion to obtain a large-diameter extrusion rod, and the extrusion rod is cooled by the water tank and then wound on the take-up device.
Preferably, the expansion forming device comprises a cavity and a cavity cover, a cavity is formed between the cavity and the cavity cover, a gasket and a mold are embedded in the cavity, the left side of the gasket is connected with a cavity expansion area, the cavity expansion area is connected with a leftmost feed inlet of the cavity, the gasket is internally tapered, the large diameter side of the gasket is connected with the cavity expansion area, the diameter of the joint of the large diameter side and the expansion area is the same as that of the joint of the small diameter side and the mold, the diameter of the small diameter side is larger than that of a mold hole, and the right side of the mold is a discharge hole.
Preferably, a material blocking block is arranged on the left side of the cavity, and the working plane of the material blocking block is higher than the lower plane of the feeding hole.
Preferably, the cavity expansion area is a right-angle channel area A, a conical expansion area B and a parallel expansion area C from left to right in sequence.
Preferably, the water tank is arranged at a discharge port of the expansion forming device, a suspension type spraying device is arranged at the discharge port of the water tank corresponding to the expansion forming device, and the water tank is provided with a plurality of spraying devices along the length direction of the extrusion rod.
Preferably, the extrusion wheel is cooled by an extrusion wheel cooling control device, the suspension type spraying device and the spraying device are controlled by an extrusion rod cooling control device, and the extrusion wheel cooling control device and the extrusion rod cooling control device are independently arranged.
The method for continuously extruding the large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar comprises the following steps of:
firstly, opening an extrusion wheel cooling control device, feeding a short material before extrusion, then feeding a copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with lower magnesium content, and finally feeding a high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod after the short material is well filled;
and step two, each feeding rod stably moves with the extrusion wheel under the action of the compaction wheel, the feeding rods change directions to enter the expansion forming device from the feeding port after encountering the material blocking block, after the expansion forming is completed under the combined action of the cavity expansion area, the gasket and the die, the extrusion rods enter the water tank from the discharging port, the extrusion rod cooling device is opened, the spray device and the spray device are hung to fully cool the extrusion rods, and the cooled large-diameter extrusion rods are wound on the take-up device.
Preferably, in the step one, the expansion molding device is heated to 550-650 ℃ before extrusion, and the temperature is kept for 60 min; heating 5-10 short material rods to 800-900 ℃, and preparing copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rods with the magnesium content of 0.05-0.10% for at least 20 m; after the filling, feeding a high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with the magnesium content of 0.5-0.7%.
Preferably, the pressing amount of the compaction wheel is controlled to be 3-6mm, the fit clearance between the expansion forming device and the extrusion wheel is controlled to be 0.4-1mm, the rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is 1.8-5r/min, and the extrusion ratio is 1.44-3.24.
Preferably, the water inlet temperature of the cooling water of the extrusion wheel is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, the water inlet temperature of the cooling water of the copper rod is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, a spray type cooling mode is adopted, and the water flow speeds of the two methods are both 0-6m for carrying out the high-speed thin film high-speed thin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) continuous extrusion of the large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy extrusion rod is realized;
(2) the extrusion wheel cooling control device and the extrusion rod cooling device are arranged independently, so that the extrusion tool is convenient to adjust, the copper rod can be effectively cooled while the extrusion tool is in a stable high-temperature production environment, and crystal grains in the copper rod are prevented from growing;
(3) before the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod is connected and a short material is fed and heated, the copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with low magnesium content and good plasticity and easy expansion is used for filling the cavity, so that on one hand, the extrusion tool can be heated in a short time to form a stable temperature field and promote the plastic expansion of the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod, and on the other hand, when the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod is extruded, the copper-magnesium alloy with low content filled in the cavity plays a good role in blocking, so that the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy material is fully filled in the cavity;
(4) the extrusion stroke is increased by lengthening the length of the expansion area of the cavity, so that the problem that high-strength copper-magnesium alloy is difficult to fill is solved, the integrity of the cavity is ensured, the bearing capacity of the cavity is increased, and the service life of the cavity is prolonged;
(5) the right-angle channel areas in the feeding hole and the cavity expansion area are of eccentric structures, and the starting and stopping positions of the upper right-angle channel and the lower right-angle channel are not on the same vertical plane, so that the phenomenon of unbalanced stress of the copper-magnesium alloy material in the right-angle channel is avoided, the difference value of the upper flow velocity and the lower flow velocity is reduced, and the quality of the extrusion rod is improved;
(6) the second region of the cavity expansion region is internally provided with two expansion angles, so that the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy with poor plasticity is easier to fill;
(7) a third area of the cavity expansion area is parallel to the expansion area and is provided with a certain inclination angle, so that demoulding is facilitated;
(8) the working plane of the material blocking block is higher than the lower plane of the feeding hole, so that the filling space of the expansion area is increased;
(9) the contact line strength of the copper-magnesium alloy prepared by the continuous extrusion of the large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy extrusion rod produced by the invention can reach more than 600MPa, and the electric conductivity can reach more than 72 percent IACS.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the expansion molding apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cavity expansion region.
Wherein: an extrusion wheel 1; a feed rod 2; a compaction wheel 3; an expansion molding device 4; a water tank 5; a spraying device 6; a water outlet 7; an extrusion stem 8; a take-up device 9; a blade 10; an extrusion wheel cooling control device 11; an extrusion stem cooling control device 12; a suspended spray device 13; the feed port 41; a cavity expansion region 42; a cavity 43; a cavity cover 44; a spacer 45; a mold 46; a discharge port 47; a bolt 48; and a stop block 49.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention relates to equipment for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar, which comprises an extrusion wheel 1, a feeding rod 2, a compaction wheel 3, an expansion forming device 4, a scraper 10, a water tank 5, a wire rewinding machine 9, an extrusion wheel cooling control device 11 and an extrusion rod cooling control device 12. The feeding rod 2 enters between the extrusion wheel 1 and the compaction wheel 3, the extrusion wheel 1 is sent into the expansion forming device 4 for continuous extrusion to obtain an extrusion rod 8 with a large diameter, and the extrusion rod 8 is wound on the take-up device after being cooled by the water tank 5. The left side of the water tank 5 is provided with a suspension type spraying device 13, and the upper part and the lower part of the water tank are respectively provided with a plurality of spraying devices 6.
The feeding sequence of the feeding rods is that firstly, short materials are fed, then the copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with low magnesium content (0.05-0.10%) is fed, and after the copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod is well filled, the copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with high strength (0.3-0.7%) is fed.
The extrusion wheel 1 is controlled to be cooled by an extrusion wheel cooling control device 11, the suspension type spraying device 13 and the spraying device 6 are controlled by an extrusion rod cooling control device 12, the extrusion wheel cooling control device 11 and the extrusion rod cooling control device 12 are independently arranged, so that the stable high-temperature production environment of an extrusion tool is ensured, and the requirement of rapid cooling of the extrusion rod is met.
A certain slope is arranged below the water tank 5, so that the cooling water after use can rapidly enter the water outlet 7.
The overhead sprayer 13 sprays cooling water to the extrusion die 46 to cool the copper rod for the first time to avoid the grain size becoming larger.
The spraying devices 6 have no dead angle, have certain range and spraying diameter, and can uniformly and rapidly cool the copper rod to room temperature.
The expansion forming device comprises a cavity 43, a cavity cover 44 and a material blocking block 49, wherein the cavity 43 and the cavity cover 44 are connected through a bolt 48, a cavity is formed inside, the leftmost side of the cavity is a feeding hole 41, the feeding hole 41 is connected with a cavity expansion area 42, the cavity expansion area 42 is connected with a mold 46 through a gasket 45, the gasket 45 is internally tapered, the large diameter side of the gasket is connected with the cavity expansion area 42, the diameter of the connection part of the diameter size and the expansion area 42 is the same, the small diameter side of the gasket is connected with the mold 46, the diameter size of the gasket is larger than the size of a mold hole, and the right side of the mold 46 is a discharging hole.
The working plane of the material blocking block 49 is higher than the lower plane of the feeding hole 41, and the expansion area filling space is increased.
The feed inlet 41 is arranged in an eccentric structure, so that the filling of the high-strength copper alloy is promoted.
The cavity expansion region 42 includes three regions: the first area is a right-angle channel area A which is of an eccentric structure, the distance between an upper right-angle channel and an axis is a, the distance between a lower upper right-angle channel and the axis is b, a is larger than b, and the starting and stopping positions of the upper right-angle channel and the lower right-angle channel are not on the same vertical plane, so that the flow velocity of materials in the right-angle channel is more uniform; the second area is a conical expansion area B, and two expansion angles are arranged in the conical expansion area B, so that the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy can be effectively promoted to be expanded and formed; the third area is a parallel expansion area C, and the parallel expansion area C is provided with a certain inclination angle, so that demolding is facilitated.
The material blocking 49, the gasket 45 and the die 46 are all made of high-temperature alloy, and have high-temperature resistance, wear resistance and impact resistance.
The contact line strength of the copper-magnesium alloy made of the large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy extrusion rod can reach over 600MPa, and the electric conduction is greater than 65% IACS.
The working process is as follows:
after starting the machine, firstly opening the extrusion wheel cooling control device 11, feeding short materials before extrusion, then feeding copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rods with lower magnesium content, after the materials are well filled, finally feeding high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rods, enabling each feeding rod 2 to stably move with the extrusion wheel 1 groove under the action of the compaction wheel 3, enabling the feeding rod 2 to change the direction after meeting a material blocking block 49 and enter an expansion forming device 4 from a feeding port 41, enabling an extrusion rod 8 to enter a water groove 5 from a discharging port 47 after expansion forming is completed under the combined action of a cavity expansion area 42, a gasket 45 and a die 46, opening the extrusion rod cooling device 12, and fully cooling the extrusion rod 8 by hanging a spraying device 13 and the spraying device 6. The cooled large-diameter extrusion rod 8 is wound on a take-up device 9, and the take-up device 9 arranges wires at a constant speed and has no traction force on the large-diameter extrusion rod. And (4) demolding and taking out the excess materials in the expansion forming device 4 after extrusion is finished, and reserving the expansion forming device 4 for later use.
The technological parameters are as follows:
heating the expansion forming device to 550-650 ℃ before extrusion and then preserving heat for 60 min; heating 5-10 short material rods to 800-900 ℃, and preparing a low-magnesium copper alloy upper guide rod which has good plasticity and is easy to expand for at least 20m for increasing the overall temperature of the extrusion tool; and removing dust and impurities on the surface of the upper guide rod of the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy for later use. The magnesium content (mass fraction) of the upper guide rod of the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy is 0.3-0.7%.
The pressing amount of the compaction wheel is controlled to be 3-6mm, at the moment, the stress among the feeding rod, the compaction wheel and the extrusion wheel is balanced, and the feeding rod stably enters the expansion forming device.
The fit clearance between the expansion forming device and the extrusion wheel is controlled to be 0.4-1mm, so that the abrasion between tools is prevented, and the waste of materials is avoided.
The rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is 1.8-5r/min, the rotating speed is set to be 1.8-2.8r/min when short materials are fed, and the rotating speed is set to be 3-5r/min when the extrusion wheel operates stably, so that the quality defect of the extrusion rod caused by too high or too low rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is effectively prevented.
The extrusion wheel cooling system and the copper rod cooling system are independently arranged, the water inlet temperature of the extrusion wheel cooling water is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, the water inlet temperature of the copper rod cooling water is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, and the water flow rate is 0-6m for each year.
The extrusion ratio is in the range of 1.44 to 3.24.
Example (b):
heating the expansion forming device 4 to 600 ℃ before extrusion, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; heating 8 pure copper short materials to 900 ℃, and preparing a copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with the magnesium content of 0.05-0.10% (mass fraction) for 25 m. The surface of the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with the magnesium content of 0.5-0.7% is dedusted and decontaminated for later use.
The pressing amount of the compaction wheel 3 is set to be 3mm, the fit clearance between the expansion forming device 4 and the extrusion wheel 1 is controlled to be 0.4mm, the extrusion ratio is 2.31, the rotating speed of the extrusion wheel 1 is about 2r/min when short materials are fed, and the rotating speed is 3r/min when the material feeding device runs stably. The feeding sequence comprises sequentially carrying out 8 heated short materials, then carrying out upper guide rods on the copper-magnesium alloy with lower magnesium content, and finally carrying out upper guide rods on the high-strength copper-magnesium alloy, wherein the water flow of the extrusion wheel cooling control device 11 is 4.5m for carrying out dry top planting/h, and the water inlet temperature is 15-25 ℃. And (3) carrying out dry distillation on the extrusion rod cooling device at 12 water flow rate of 6 m/h and water inlet temperature of 10-20 ℃.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an equipment of continuous extrusion major diameter high strength copper magnesium alloy rod which characterized in that: the feeding rod (2) enters between the extrusion wheel (1) and the compaction wheel (3), the extrusion wheel (1) is fed into the expansion forming device (4) for continuous extrusion to obtain an extrusion rod (8) with a large diameter, and the extrusion rod (8) is cooled by the water tank (5) and then is wound on the take-up device (9).
2. The apparatus for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein: extension forming device (4) are including cavity (43) and cavity lid (44), form the die cavity between cavity (43) and cavity lid (44), the die cavity is embedded to have gasket (45) and mould (46), and cavity expansion district (42) are connected on gasket (45) left side, cavity expansion district (42) and the leftmost feed inlet (41) of die cavity with link to each other, gasket (45) inside is the toper, and its major diameter side meets with cavity expansion district (42), and diameter size is the same with expansion district (42) department of linking to each other diameter, and minor diameter side links to each other with mould (46), and diameter size is greater than the nib size, mould (46) right side is discharge gate (47).
3. The apparatus for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar according to claim 2, wherein: the left side of the cavity (43) is provided with a material blocking block (49), and the working plane of the material blocking block (49) is higher than the lower plane of the feeding hole (41).
4. The apparatus for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar according to claim 2, wherein: the cavity expansion area (42) is a right-angle channel area A, a conical expansion area B and a parallel expansion area C from left to right in sequence.
5. The apparatus for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein: the water tank (5) is arranged at a discharge port of the expansion forming device (4), a suspension type spraying device (13) is arranged at the discharge port of the water tank (5) corresponding to the expansion forming device, and a plurality of spraying devices (6) are arranged on the water tank (5) along the length direction of the extrusion rod (8).
6. The apparatus for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein: the extrusion wheel (1) is controlled to be cooled by an extrusion wheel cooling control device (11), the suspension type spraying device (13) and the spraying device (6) are controlled by an extrusion rod cooling control device (12), and the extrusion wheel cooling control device (11) and the extrusion rod cooling control device (12) are independently arranged.
7. A method for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following steps: an apparatus for continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy rod according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
firstly, opening an extrusion wheel cooling control device, feeding a short material before extrusion, then feeding a copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with lower magnesium content, and finally feeding a high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod after the short material is well filled;
and step two, each feeding rod stably moves with the extrusion wheel under the action of the compaction wheel, the feeding rods change directions to enter the expansion forming device from the feeding port after encountering the material blocking block, after the expansion forming is completed under the combined action of the cavity expansion area, the gasket and the die, the extrusion rods enter the water tank from the discharging port, the extrusion rod cooling device is opened, the spray device and the spray device are hung to fully cool the extrusion rods, and the cooled large-diameter extrusion rods are wound on the take-up device.
8. The method of continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy rod according to claim 7, wherein: in the first step, the expansion molding device is heated to 550-650 ℃ before extrusion, and the temperature is kept for 60 min; heating 5-10 short material rods to 800-900 ℃, and preparing copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rods with the magnesium content of 0.05-0.10% for at least 20 m; after the filling, feeding a high-strength copper-magnesium alloy upper guide rod with the magnesium content of 0.5-0.7%.
9. The method of continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy rod according to claim 7, wherein: the rolling reduction of the compacting wheel is controlled to be 3-6mm, the fit clearance between the expansion forming device and the extrusion wheel is controlled to be 0.4-1mm, the rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is 1.8-5r/min, and the extrusion ratio is 1.44-3.24.
10. The method of continuously extruding a large-diameter high-strength copper-magnesium alloy rod according to claim 7, wherein: the water inlet temperature of the cooling water of the extrusion wheel is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, the water inlet temperature of the cooling water of the copper rod is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, a spray cooling mode is adopted, and the water flow speeds of the extrusion wheel and the copper rod are both 0-6m for carrying out the high-speed thin film.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114515777A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-20 | 中北大学 | Continuous extrusion forming device and method for magnesium alloy wire for electric arc additive manufacturing |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114515777A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-20 | 中北大学 | Continuous extrusion forming device and method for magnesium alloy wire for electric arc additive manufacturing |
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