CN112675944A - Production method of nutritious bran - Google Patents
Production method of nutritious bran Download PDFInfo
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- CN112675944A CN112675944A CN202011398279.5A CN202011398279A CN112675944A CN 112675944 A CN112675944 A CN 112675944A CN 202011398279 A CN202011398279 A CN 202011398279A CN 112675944 A CN112675944 A CN 112675944A
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Abstract
The invention provides a production method of nutritious bran, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: cleaning the raw material wheat for the first time to remove impurities; step two: washing the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water; step three: carrying out primary spray watering on the wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, and wetting the wheat for the first time; step four: carrying out secondary cleaning on the wet wheat to remove impurities; step five: carrying out secondary spraying and water-binding on the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, and wetting the wheat for the second time; step six: the clean wheat is ground and screened to obtain two products of nutritious bran and wheat flour. The invention mainly utilizes the concentrated water generated by the reverse osmosis system to replace the washing water in the flour milling process, and mineral elements rich in the reverse osmosis concentrated water are absorbed by wheat bran, thereby providing a novel production process of the high-nutrition bran.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain processing, and particularly relates to a production method of nutritional bran.
Background
Bran, also called wheat bran, is a by-product of wheat flour processing, and is wheat yellow, flaky or powdery. Wheat bran belongs to middle and low grade energy feed, has the characteristics of light specific gravity, large volume and low energy, and can be used for adjusting the energy concentration of daily ration. The crude protein content can reach 12-17%, and the crude fiber is higher, generally 8.5-12%; contains lysine 0.67%, methionine 0.11%, and vitamin B; the phosphorus content is more and about 1.09%, but nearly two thirds of the phosphorus phytate is phytate phosphorus, the phytate phosphorus contains a certain amount of phytase, and the calcium content is less and about 0.2%. Contains rich manganese and zinc, but has larger difference of iron content. The wheat bran is a good feed for breeding pigs and laying hens, can adjust the excessive thickness of daily ration, is beneficial to normal digestion, has better effect particularly for high-density cage-raised chickens, can account for about 30 percent of the daily ration for the chickens growing in the restricted feeding period, has good effect, generally accounts for 12 to 15 percent of the daily ration for feeding pigs in combination, and cannot exceed 10 percent of weaned piglets. Bran, because of its low energy content, is often used in combination with other high energy feeds such as corn, sorghum, etc.
In the milling process of flour processing enterprises, wheat needs to be washed (wheat washed) by water after being cleaned once, impurities such as wheat skins, dust and wheat hair in the abdominal ditches are cleaned, then the wheat is wetted and moistened, and the whole water consumption is small. And discharging the wastewater after the wheat is washed into a sewage plant for treatment. A reverse osmosis pure water preparation system is involved in the starch and sugar making process, reverse osmosis concentrated water (RO concentrated water) which accounts for about 25% of water inflow is generated in the daily production process and is directly discharged into a sewage treatment plant, so that the waste of water resources is caused, and the treatment cost is increased because the concentrated water needs to be desalted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the flour milling process in the prior art, organically combines the wheat flour milling process with a reverse osmosis system, mainly uses concentrated water generated by the reverse osmosis system to replace washing water in the flour milling process, and provides a novel process for producing high-nutrition bran, wherein mineral elements rich in the reverse osmosis concentrated water are absorbed by wheat bran.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a production method of nutritious bran comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning the raw material wheat for the first time to remove impurities;
step two: washing the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water; preferably, the water mass ratio of the wheat is 1: 0.8-1.0;
step three: carrying out primary spray watering on wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the watering amount of the wheat is 2-3%, and carrying out primary wheat wetting after watering, wherein the wheat wetting temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the wheat wetting time is 20-24 hours;
step four: carrying out secondary cleaning on the wet wheat to remove impurities;
step five: carrying out secondary spray water-dressing on the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the water-dressing amount of the wheat is 0.5-1.0%, and carrying out secondary wheat-moistening for 30-50 minutes at 25-35 ℃;
step six: the clean wheat is ground and screened to obtain two products of nutritious bran and wheat flour.
Further, the primary cleaning includes: screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing are carried out in a reasonable sequence and times to meet the cleaning requirement.
Further, the secondary cleaning includes: screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing are carried out in a reasonable sequence and times to meet the cleaning requirement.
Further, the reverse osmosis concentrated water is concentrated water generated when an RO system in a starch processing and/or sugar making process prepares pure water. Further, the reverse osmosis concentrate includes a concentrate produced by primary reverse osmosis and/or secondary reverse osmosis.
Furthermore, the reverse osmosis concentrated water is subjected to filtration pretreatment before use, so that impurities and soluble organic matters in the concentrated water are removed. Furthermore, the pre-filtration treatment is that the concentrated water passes through a quartz sand filter, then passes through an active carbon filter and finally passes through a precision filter with the diameter of 3-10 mu m.
And further, two products of the nutritious bran and the wheat flour are obtained after grinding and screening, and the nutritious bran and the wheat flour can be further processed according to the product requirements.
The nutritious bran product produced by the process is rich in mineral elements such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium and the like, and can be directly used for feed or compound feed or can be further processed.
Has the advantages that:
the invention creatively utilizes reverse osmosis concentrated water to replace underground well water or tap water in the production process flow of the bran to wash, soak and moisten wheat, thereby not only saving water resources, but also reducing the treatment cost of high-salinity concentrated water. The reverse osmosis concentrated water has high mineral content which is about 4-5 times of that of inlet water, the high-content mineral is adsorbed in wheat skins in the wheat washing and moistening processes, and the bran product produced by grinding and screening has rich mineral content, is used for animal feed, is rich in macroelements necessary for animals, and has far higher content than common bran.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a production process flow chart of the nutritious bran.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are all methods well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims.
The invention is described in part by the following terms:
the term Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane separation technique that uses pressure as a driving force by virtue of the function of a permselective (semi-permeable) membrane.
The term reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) refers to a functional semi-permeable membrane that allows the permeation of solvent molecules but not solute molecules.
The term RO module refers to the smallest basic unit that enables the RO membrane technology to be put to practical use; the term RO system refers to a membrane system comprising RO modules and other necessary devices to complete the RO water treatment process.
The term raw water refers to untreated natural (surface, underground) water and tap water.
The term RO feed water refers to water which enters an RO system after raw water is treated by a pretreatment working section.
The term RO effluent or RO product water refers to the portion of water in the RO system that permeates the RO membrane, and is also referred to herein as pure water.
The term concentrate or RO concentrate refers to the portion of water in an RO system that does not pass through an RO membrane.
The operations involved in the process flow of the present invention, including but not limited to cleaning, watering, wetting, grinding, filtering, etc., can be performed by conventional equipment and techniques in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
a production method of nutritious bran comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the raw material wheat is subjected to screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing, and impurities such as wheat straws, stones, magnetic metal substances, dust, fine sand, bran shells, soil blocks and the like are removed;
step two: washing the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the mass ratio of the water used for the wheat is 1: 1;
step three: carrying out primary spray watering on wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the watering amount is 2%, carrying out primary wheat wetting after watering, and the wheat wetting temperature is 30 ℃ and the wheat wetting time is 20 hours;
step four: screening, stone removing, magnetic separation, wheat threshing, air separation and secondary cleaning of selection are carried out on the wet wheat, and impurities are removed;
step five: carrying out secondary spray water-binding on the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the water-binding capacity of the wheat is 0.5%, and carrying out secondary wheat-wetting for 40 minutes at 30 ℃:
step six: the clean wheat is ground and screened to obtain two products of nutritious bran and wheat flour.
The reverse osmosis concentrated water is concentrated water generated by an RO system in a starch sugar workshop (the water yield is 25-30 m)3H); the reverse osmosis concentrated water comprises concentrated water generated by primary reverse osmosis and secondary reverse osmosis; the reverse osmosis concentrated water is subjected to filtration pretreatment before use, specifically, the reverse osmosis concentrated water firstly passes through a quartz sand filter, then passes through an active carbon filter and finally passes through a precision filter with the diameter of 3-10 mu m.
Example 2:
a production method of nutritious bran comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the raw material wheat is subjected to screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing, and impurities such as wheat straws, stones, magnetic metal substances, dust, fine sand, bran shells, soil blocks and the like are removed;
step two: washing the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the mass ratio of the water used for the wheat is 1: 0.8;
step three: carrying out primary spray watering on wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the watering amount is 3%, and carrying out primary wheat wetting after watering, wherein the wheat wetting temperature is 25 ℃, and the wheat wetting time is 24 hours;
step four: screening, stone removing, magnetic separation, wheat threshing, air separation and secondary cleaning of selection are carried out on the wet wheat, and impurities are removed;
step five: carrying out secondary spray water-coating on the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the water-coating amount of the wheat is 0.8%, and carrying out secondary wheat-wetting for 50 minutes at 25 ℃:
step six: the clean wheat is ground and screened to obtain two products of nutritious bran and wheat flour.
The reverse osmosis concentrated water is concentrated water generated by an RO system of a starch sugar plant; the reverse osmosis concentrated water comprises concentrated water generated by primary reverse osmosis and secondary reverse osmosis; the reverse osmosis concentrated water is subjected to filtration pretreatment before use, specifically, the reverse osmosis concentrated water firstly passes through a quartz sand filter, then passes through an active carbon filter and finally passes through a precision filter with the diameter of 3-10 mu m.
Example 3:
a production method of nutritious bran comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the raw material wheat is subjected to screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing, and impurities such as wheat straws, stones, magnetic metal substances, dust, fine sand, bran shells, soil blocks and the like are removed;
step two: washing the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the mass ratio of the water used for the wheat is 1: 1;
step three: carrying out primary spray watering on wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the watering amount is 2.5%, carrying out primary wheat wetting after watering, and the wheat wetting temperature is 35 ℃ and the wheat wetting time is 22 hours;
step four: screening, stone removing, magnetic separation, wheat threshing, air separation and secondary cleaning of selection are carried out on the wet wheat, and impurities are removed;
step five: carrying out secondary spray water-binding on the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the water-binding capacity of the wheat is 1.0%, and carrying out secondary wheat-wetting for 30 minutes at 35 ℃:
step six: the clean wheat is ground and screened to obtain two products of nutritious bran and wheat flour.
The reverse osmosis concentrated water is concentrated water generated by an RO system of a starch sugar plant; the reverse osmosis concentrated water comprises concentrated water generated by primary reverse osmosis and secondary reverse osmosis; the reverse osmosis concentrated water is subjected to filtration pretreatment before use, specifically, the reverse osmosis concentrated water firstly passes through a quartz sand filter, then passes through an active carbon filter and finally passes through a precision filter with the diameter of 3-10 mu m.
Comparative example 1:
the comparison of the production method of the bran before the technological improvement of the factory includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the raw material wheat is subjected to screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing, and impurities such as wheat straws, stones, magnetic metal substances, dust, fine sand, bran shells, soil blocks and the like are removed;
step two: washing the cleaned wheat by using underground well water, wherein the mass ratio of the water used for the wheat is 1: 1;
step three: carrying out primary spray watering on wheat by adopting underground well water, wherein the watering amount is 2 percent, carrying out primary wheat wetting after watering, and the wheat wetting temperature is 30 ℃ and the wheat wetting time is 20 hours;
step four: screening, stone removing, magnetic separation, wheat threshing, air separation and secondary cleaning of selection are carried out on the wet wheat, and impurities are removed;
step five: carrying out secondary spray water-binding on the cleaned wheat by adopting underground well water, wherein the water-binding capacity of the wheat is 0.5%, and carrying out secondary wheat-wetting for 40 minutes at 30 ℃:
step six: the clean wheat is ground and screened to obtain two products of nutritious bran and wheat flour.
It should be noted that, compared with example 1, comparative example 1 is different from example 1 only in that underground well water is used for washing and spraying the wheat, and other operation means, conditions, dosage and equipment are consistent.
The underground well water described in comparative example 1 was also the raw water of the RO system described in example 1.
The bran samples of example 1 and comparative example 1 were taken, respectively, the bran samples were digested by microwave digestion, the content of each mineral element in the bran was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the results are recorded in the following table.
| The content of trace elements in per 100g bran | Calcium/mg | Phosphorus/mg | Magnesium/mg | Potassium/mg | Sodium/mg |
| Example 1 bran sample | 247 | 818 | 458 | 1034 | 15 |
| Comparative example 1 bran sample | 216 | 716 | 401 | 905 | 13 |
The comparison result shows that the content of mineral trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium and the like in the bran product produced by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water is obviously improved, and the process can realize linkage between a flour milling workshop and a starch sugar workshop, thereby not only saving the production water, but also greatly reducing the treatment cost of the high-salt concentrated water.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in the form of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations in form and detail without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The production method of the nutritious bran is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning the raw material wheat for the first time to remove impurities;
step two: washing the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water;
step three: carrying out primary spray watering on wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the watering amount of the wheat is 2-3%, and carrying out primary wheat wetting after watering, wherein the wheat wetting temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the wheat wetting time is 20-24 hours;
step four: carrying out secondary cleaning on the wet wheat to remove impurities;
step five: carrying out secondary spray water-dressing on the cleaned wheat by adopting reverse osmosis concentrated water, wherein the water-dressing amount of the wheat is 0.5-1.0%, and carrying out secondary wheat-moistening for 30-50 minutes at 25-35 ℃;
step six: the clean wheat is ground and screened to obtain two products of nutritious bran and wheat flour.
2. The method for producing bran concentrates according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of wheat to the reverse osmosis concentrated water in the second step is 1: 0.8-1.0.
3. The method of producing bran nutrients as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary cleaning comprises: screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing are carried out in a reasonable sequence and times to meet the cleaning requirement.
4. The method for producing bran nutrients as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary cleaning comprises: screening, winnowing, magnetic separation, stone removal, selection and wheat threshing are carried out in a reasonable sequence and times to meet the cleaning requirement.
5. The method for producing bran nutrients as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reverse osmosis concentrated water is concentrated water produced by an RO system in starch processing and/or sugar manufacturing processes when pure water is produced.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the concentrated reverse osmosis water comprises concentrated water produced by primary reverse osmosis and/or secondary reverse osmosis.
7. The method for producing bran nutrients as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reverse osmosis concentrated water is pre-filtered before use to remove impurities and soluble organic substances in the concentrated water.
8. The method for producing bran nutrients as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pre-filtration treatment is a treatment of concentrated water passing through a quartz sand filter, an activated carbon filter and a 3-10 μm ultrafilter.
9. A nutritious bran product produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114602580A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-10 | 郑州市雪嵩制粉有限公司 | Method for producing cooked wheat flour |
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| CN114602580A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-10 | 郑州市雪嵩制粉有限公司 | Method for producing cooked wheat flour |
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