CN112672607A - Refrigerating system, refrigerating method and machine room reconstruction method of data center - Google Patents
Refrigerating system, refrigerating method and machine room reconstruction method of data center Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a refrigeration method and a system of a machine room of a data center, in particular to a refrigeration system, a refrigeration method and a machine room reconstruction method of the data center, the refrigeration system of the data center comprises a first refrigeration system and a second refrigeration system, the first refrigeration system comprises a first refrigeration unit positioned outdoors and a first indoor heat exchange unit connected with the first refrigeration unit, the second refrigeration system comprises a second refrigeration unit and a second indoor heat exchange unit connected with the second refrigeration unit, the first refrigeration unit is a refrigerator, the first indoor heat exchange unit is a precision air conditioner, the second refrigeration unit is a closed cooling tower, the second indoor heat exchange unit is a dry coil, wherein the refrigeration modes of the dry coil and the closed cooling tower can utilize the natural cooling of the wet bulb temperature as much as possible, the PUE value of the machine room can be effectively reduced, the two-stage refrigeration can work independently, when the independent equipment needs to be shut down or has faults, the other set of refrigeration system can work independently to maintain the normal work of the server in the machine room.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a refrigeration method and a refrigeration system for a data center machine room, in particular to a machine room based on dry coil evaporative cooling and a method for reforming the conventional machine room to form the machine room based on dry coil evaporative cooling.
Background
Pue (power Usage effect) is an index for evaluating energy efficiency of a data center. The PUE value is close to 1, which indicates that the energy consumption of non-IT equipment is lower, namely the efficiency level is better, and the PUE value of the existing machine room is usually about 1.4 to 1.5.
The existing machine room refrigeration usually adopts an air-cooled precision air conditioner, the single machine refrigeration capacity is small, and one machine room can meet the requirement only by a plurality of air-cooled air conditioners. And the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration system of the air-cooled air conditioner is low: and by adopting an air cooling mode, the energy efficiency is lower than that of a water-cooling refrigeration system, and the energy consumption is large in annual operation.
The existing machine room refrigerating system also adopts a water-cooling refrigerating unit system or indirect evaporation refrigeration, a water-cooling precise air conditioner generates a large amount of condensed water during working, and related equipment for processing the condensed water is required to be arranged in order to ensure the equipment in the machine room to operate. The indirect evaporation refrigeration needs to occupy larger space, a common data center site cannot meet the requirement, the indirect evaporation technology is mainly used in a multi-storey building with few layers and a data center with a wider outdoor site, the data center simultaneously meets the two conditions rarely, and if the data center using the technology needs to be built again, precious building area needs to be sacrificed, and the total number of cabinets is reduced to be used as cost.
The invention discloses a heat and humidity independent control air conditioning system applied to an IDC machine room in Chinese patent application (publication number CN104456774A), which comprises a closed cooling tower, a water-cooling refrigerating unit, a cold water tank, a chilled water pump, a cooling water pump, a dry coil pipe module, a fresh air dehumidification module, an exhaust device, an embedded control system, an air inlet dry and wet bulb temperature sensor of the closed cooling tower, a water inlet temperature sensor of the dry coil pipe module and a water outlet temperature sensor of the dry coil pipe module. When the closed cooling tower is operated, the water-cooling refrigerating unit is selected to operate or stop and the closed cooling tower is selected to operate under the wet operation condition based on the judgment of the dry bulb temperature of the outdoor air, so that the aim of saving energy is fulfilled. The system of the invention is characterized in that the heat exchange medium is cooled by a closed cooling tower and a water-cooled refrigerating unit, and then the heat exchange medium cools the air in the room through a dry coil. The energy-saving refrigeration system mainly realizes energy conservation by the characteristic that the dry coil pipe does not need dehumidification, only has one type of dry coil pipe and one type of end equipment, but the dry coil pipe and the water-cooling refrigeration unit in the system are connected in series, a strong control system is needed for adjustment and control, the cost is increased invisibly, and if a certain part fails, the refrigeration system is paralyzed.
In order to reduce the power consumption of the cooling system, the chinese utility model patent (publication No. CN204902077U) discloses a second-stage refrigeration heat exchange system, including being located outdoor first-stage refrigeration unit, being located outdoor second-stage refrigeration unit and being located indoor unit, outdoor first-stage refrigeration unit and second-stage refrigeration unit are respectively through transmission pipe and indoor unit block connection, and indoor unit includes fan, first evaporimeter and second evaporimeter, first evaporimeter with first heat exchanger links to each other, the second evaporimeter with the second heat exchanger links to each other. The two refrigeration units are used for providing heat exchange cold sources for the indoor unit, so that large-temperature-difference refrigeration is realized, and more energy is saved. However, the system adopts a liquid cooling refrigeration mode, needs a specific site for installation, and is high in cost. Other two-stage refrigeration techniques are disclosed in international patent application (publication No. WO2020/037843a1), chinese utility model patent (publication No. CN210980215U) and US patent (patent No. US7270278B 2).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of high refrigeration energy consumption of a data center in the prior art, and provides an evaporative cooling system based on a dry coil and a method for reforming the existing machine room to form the evaporative cooling system based on the dry coil.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a refrigerating system of data center, includes first refrigerating system and second refrigerating system, and first refrigerating system is including being located outdoor first refrigerating unit, the first indoor heat exchange unit who links to each other with first refrigerating unit, and second refrigerating system includes second refrigerating unit, the second indoor heat exchange unit who links to each other with second refrigerating unit, wherein:
the first refrigerating unit is a cold machine, the first indoor heat exchange unit is a precision air conditioner, the second refrigerating unit is a closed cooling tower, and the second indoor heat exchange unit is a dry coil pipe.
Some preferred technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
preferably, the refrigeration system further comprises an open cooling tower, and a cooling water pipeline of the open cooling tower exchanges heat with a heat exchange medium (chilled water) exhausted by the first indoor heat exchange unit (precision air conditioner) through the plate heat exchanger to absorb heat released by the first indoor heat exchange unit. The chilled water enters the cooler after being cooled to further reduce the temperature, and then is input into an indoor precise air conditioner.
Preferably, when the outdoor wet bulb temperature is lower than 5.5 ℃ or the water supply temperature of the open cooling tower is lower than 10.5 ℃, the open cooling tower and the plate heat exchanger operate, and the refrigeration medium of the precision air conditioner exchanges heat with the cooling water of the open cooling tower in the plate heat exchanger through a pipeline system; the first refrigeration unit and the second refrigeration unit are closed, and a refrigeration system consisting of the open cooling tower, the plate heat exchanger and the precision air conditioner bears all the cold load of the first refrigeration system.
Preferably, air in the machine room enters the machine room from the air outlet through the first heat exchange unit after passing through the second heat exchange unit.
The system is characterized by further comprising a temperature sensor arranged in the air-conditioning room, the cold machine is a cold water unit, the cold water unit outputs cooling media to the precision air conditioner, and when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a preset temperature threshold value, the cold water unit stops supplying cold for the IT machine room.
Preferably, the preset temperature threshold is less than or equal to 23 ℃.
Preferably, the air conditioner further comprises a fan arranged on the dry coil.
Preferably, a temperature sensor is further arranged at the air outlet of the dry coil, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a set temperature threshold, the first refrigeration unit does not supply cold for the IT machine room any more, and only keeps low frequency to bear the load operation of other areas.
Preferably, the cold machine is a water chilling unit, and the temperature of chilled water output by the water chilling unit is 12 ℃ for water supply and 18 ℃ for return water.
Preferably, the precision air conditioner and the dry coil pipe are installed in an indoor air-conditioning room, the dry coil pipe is installed on a side wall above the air-conditioning room, air in the machine room enters the air-conditioning room through the dry coil pipe on the side wall, and outlet air of the precision air conditioner enters the machine room from the lower part of the air-conditioning room.
Preferably, the precision air conditioner and the dry coil pipe are installed in an indoor air-conditioning room, the dry coil pipe is installed on a ceiling above the air-conditioning room, air in the machine room enters the air-conditioning room through the dry coil pipe on the ceiling, and outlet air of the precision air conditioner enters the machine room from the lower part of the air-conditioning room.
Preferably, the temperature of the cooling medium inputted to the dry coil is 12 to 33 ℃, and the corresponding temperature of the cooling medium inputted to the precision air conditioner is 12 ℃.
Preferably, the dry coil pipe is arranged at an air outlet of the server cabinet in the machine room.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a refrigerating method for the data center machine room, which comprises the steps that a dry coil pipe is arranged before air in the machine room enters an air conditioning room; air in the machine room enters the air-conditioning room through the dry coil pipe, the temperature of the air-conditioning room is monitored by arranging the temperature sensor in the air-conditioning room, and the first refrigerating system is controlled to operate according to the monitored temperature of the air-conditioning room to provide cold air for the machine room to enter the machine room from the lower part of the air-conditioning room.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a method for modifying a refrigeration system of an existing data center room, including installing a dry coil at an air inlet from the room to an air conditioning room, and connecting the dry coil with an outdoor closed cooling tower.
Preferably, the air inlet is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the air-conditioning room, and the dry coil is arranged at the air inlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses two-stage refrigeration, wherein the refrigeration mode of the dry coil and the closed cooling tower can utilize the natural cooling of the wet bulb temperature as much as possible, the PUE can reach below 1.1 under certain working conditions, and the PUE value of the machine room can reach below 1.25 by combining the refrigeration of a precise air conditioner and the mutual action of the two. And two-stage refrigeration can work independently, and when the independent equipment needs to be shut down or breaks down, the other set of refrigeration system can work independently to maintain the normal work of the server in the machine room. In consideration of the climate reason of the place where the machine room is located, the dry coil and the closed cooling tower can be used for independent refrigeration in certain time periods, the PUE value is reduced, and the energy efficiency ratio is improved. Furthermore, the system and the method are suitable for rebuilding the existing stock machine room, the machine does not need to be shut down for rebuilding, only the dry coil pipe is added in the air conditioning room, and the closed cooling tower is added outdoors, so that the whole rebuilding land occupation is small, and the machine does not need to be shut down for rebuilding.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a machine room arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a machine room arrangement according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a system schematic of a dry coil section employed in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the open cooling tower and the chiller portion in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a refrigeration system of a data center according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a chiller (first refrigeration unit) located outdoors, and a precision air conditioner connected to the chiller, where the precision air conditioner is located in an indoor air conditioning room and is configured to provide cool air to a machine room.
The existing machine room is also generally controlled by a precision air conditioner, which is an air conditioning system formed by combining traditional pump sets, valve sets, filtering dirt removers, instruments, supporting components, a control system and other components on the basis of the original common air conditioner framework and has the characteristics of electricity saving, low noise, low radiation and low power consumption. The precision air conditioner usually adopts the downward-feeding and upward-returning type air supply, namely, cold air directly enters the lower part of a movable floor, so that a static pressure box is formed under the floor, and then the cold air is uniformly sent into a machine room and an equipment cabinet through a floor air supply outlet. In some cases, top-feed and bottom-return air supply may be used, and in this embodiment, bottom-feed and top-return air supply is used. And the corresponding cold machine adopts a cold water machine set. In a refrigeration system of a precision air conditioner, the supply and return water of chilled water is 12/18 ℃, and the PUE is generally between 1.4 and 1.6.
A typical precision air conditioning refrigeration system includes two refrigeration cycles, a cooling water cycle and a chilled water cycle, wherein the cooling water cycle is composed of an open cooling tower 1 and its pipelines, and the chilled water cycle is composed of a chiller 2 (chiller), a precision air conditioner (indoor unit) and its pipelines. The cooling water and the chilled water exchange heat at the plate heat exchanger. According to outdoor seasonal variation, cooling water temperature can constantly change to can divide into three kinds of modes with the refrigerated water preparation, adopt electric refrigeration mode, partial natural cooling mode, complete natural cooling mode promptly, three kinds of operating mode switch are realized by BMS autonomous system. The natural cooling design can fully utilize an outdoor natural cold source so as to save the running cost of the water chilling unit. The three cooling modes and their circuit designs are well known to those skilled in the art. Wherein, the partial natural cooling mode: when the temperature of the outdoor wet bulb is reduced (lower than 11 ℃) and the water supply temperature of the cooling water provided by the cooling tower is lower than 16.5 ℃, the system enters a partial natural cooling state, the cooling water cools the backwater of the chilled water through the plate heat exchanger, and the backwater of the chilled water enters the evaporator of the water chilling unit after being partially cooled by the plate heat exchanger to provide the chilled water with the temperature of 12 ℃. Complete natural cooling mode: when the outdoor wet bulb temperature is low enough (lower than 5.5 ℃), the cooling tower can provide cooling water with the temperature lower than 10.5 ℃, the system enters a complete natural cooling state, the chilled water exchanges with the cooling water through the plate heat exchanger, the chilled water with the temperature of 12 ℃ is directly provided, and the water chilling unit is closed. The specific mode conversion conditions and the on-off control of actuating mechanisms such as electric valves and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of reducing the PUE, on the basis of a precision air conditioner, the second refrigeration system for heat exchange of the dry coil (second refrigeration unit) is added in the embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the second refrigeration system includes a dry coil and a closed cooling tower connected to the dry coil outdoors, and adjusts the water-wind (air) heat exchange between the dry coil and the closed cooling tower by using the change of the wet bulb temperature. The dry coil pipe and the air-water heat exchange for the closed cooling tower can completely achieve the same energy-saving effect as indirect evaporation refrigeration, and the PUE can reach below 1.25 all the year round. The dry coil is installed in an air inlet passage (air inlet on the side wall) between the air-conditioning room and the machine room. The hot air in the machine room enters the air inlet of the precision air conditioner after heat exchange of the dry coil. Therefore, the air entering the precision air conditioner is air pre-cooled by the dry coil, and the air pre-cooled by the dry coil can keep the low-load operation of the precision air conditioner, effectively reduce the energy consumption of the precision air conditioner and further reduce the PUE of the whole machine room.
The scheme of this embodiment has make full use of wet bulb temperature and has carried out the geomantic omen heat transfer, natural cooling promptly, and its PUE can reach below 1.1, again with the cooperation of precision air conditioner, reaches the required temperature of computer lab to reduce precision air conditioner's energy consumption, the scheme of this embodiment can reach and the unanimity while of indirect evaporation refrigeration in energy-conserving effect promptly, has avoided the refrigerated defect of indirect evaporation. The volume of the closed cooling tower and the arrangement of the dry coil pipe are considered, a large amount of space is not required to be occupied, the closed cooling tower can be additionally arranged in the existing data center, a double-refrigeration system is realized, the PUE is reduced, and meanwhile, the reliability of the data center is improved.
In the actual control, the temperature difference between the low-temperature water inlet temperature and the air supply temperature of the dry coil can be considered according to 4 ℃, so that the water supply temperature of the dry coil reaches 19 ℃, and the complete natural cooling can be realized; the temperature difference between the water outlet temperature of the closed cooling tower and the wet bulb temperature Tw can be considered according to 3 ℃, when the water outlet temperature is 19 ℃, the wet bulb temperature needs 16 ℃, complete natural cooling can be realized, and at the moment, the water chilling unit does not bear the refrigeration load of an IT machine room any more.
As shown in fig. 3, another embodiment of the present invention is different from the previous embodiment only in the installation position of the dry coil, in this embodiment, a ceiling is formed at the upper part of the air-conditioning room, the dry coil is installed on the ceiling, and the air (most or most of the air) of the machine room enters the air-conditioning room through the dry coil on the ceiling.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the chiller may be selected as a chiller that outputs a cooling medium to the precision air conditioner, and a temperature sensor installed in the air conditioning room stops cooling the IT machine room when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a preset temperature threshold (e.g., 23 ℃, or other predetermined temperature suitable for machine room operation).
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, in the refrigeration system of the machine room, the closed cooling tower may be installed on the roof (or roof), and the cold water delivered by the closed cooling tower enters the main coil system in the machine room through the water pump to complete the refrigeration work. In the embodiment, part of the dry coil is a dry coil (DC4-5) with a fan, the residual pressure outside the pipe is 0Pa, and part of the dry coil is a dry coil (DC5-1) without the fan. After the system is combined with a precision refrigeration air conditioner, as a complete refrigeration system is used as N, the system does not need to be provided with redundant backup. The closed cooling tower and the cold machine are started and stopped synchronously, and when the system enters a complete natural cooling stage of a conventional system, the cooling tower and the water pump of the system are completely stopped. In this embodiment, still provide some closed cooling tower parameters and dry coil pipe parameters that correspond, set up according to time parameter, can obtain better refrigeration effect in the computer lab that corresponds. The details and parameters of the specific closed cooling tower are given in table 1:
TABLE 1
The corresponding parameters for the dry coil (DC4-5) and dry coil (DC5-1) in service are shown in tables 2 and 3, respectively.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
The technical personnel in the field can adjust the parameter design according to the parameters, the cold quantity required by the machine room, the parameters of the precise refrigeration air conditioner, the local climate and the environmental temperature requirement of the machine room so as to obtain the parameters of the applicable closed cooling tower and the dry coil.
In some embodiments, a person skilled in the art may also arrange the dry coil at the air outlet of the cabinet, which also can play a role in reducing the PUE of the machine room, but this arrangement may increase the difficulty of arrangement relative to the arrangement of the dry coil in the air conditioning room, and may affect the operation of the equipment during installation.
The machine room refrigeration system of the embodiment of the invention is reconstructed from the existing stock machine room, and only the dry coil is additionally arranged in the air conditioning room, and the closed cooling tower connected with the dry coil is additionally arranged outdoors. This scheme has the following advantages: the operation of the existing system can not be influenced during transformation, the reliability of the two sets of refrigerating systems can be improved (if one set fails, the other set can still maintain the temperature of a machine room), the natural refrigerating time by utilizing the temperature of the wet bulb is greatly increased, under the condition that the air supply temperature is 25 ℃, PUE can be controlled below 1.3 in all parts of the country, the reconstruction cost is lower, the energy consumption saving effect is obvious, and all the components can purchase mature equipment on the market.
In the existing stock machine room, the PUE values of conventional schemes (air supply 23 ℃) of Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are respectively 1.4, 1.47 and 1.58 through theoretical calculation. After the existing machine room is reconstructed, the dry coil pipe and the precise air conditioner are used for refrigeration, and the effect of natural cooling is fully utilized, the expected PUE values of the machine room after reconstruction of Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen can reach 1.23, 1.26 and 1.34 based on the temperature and humidity conditions of various places. Due to the improvement of the energy efficiency ratio, the saved energy can be recovered in a reasonable period to reduce the cost of reconstruction, and the whole reconstruction scheme has low cost and remarkable effect.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides a refrigerating system of data center, includes first refrigerating system and second refrigerating system, and first refrigerating system is including being located outdoor first refrigerating unit, the first indoor heat transfer unit that links to each other with first refrigerating unit, and second refrigerating system includes second refrigerating unit, the second indoor heat transfer unit that links to each other with second refrigerating unit, its characterized in that:
the first refrigerating unit is a cold machine, the first indoor heat exchange unit is a precision air conditioner, the second refrigerating unit is a closed cooling tower, and the second indoor heat exchange unit is a dry coil pipe.
2. The refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising an open cooling tower, wherein a cooling water pipeline of the open cooling tower exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium exhausted from the first indoor heat exchange unit through the plate heat exchanger to absorb heat released from the first indoor heat exchange unit.
3. The refrigerating system of claim 2, wherein when the outdoor wet bulb temperature is lower than 5.5 ℃ or the water supply temperature of the open cooling tower is lower than 10.5 ℃, the open cooling tower and the plate heat exchanger are operated, and the refrigerating medium of the precision air conditioner exchanges heat with the cooling water of the open cooling tower at the plate heat exchanger through a pipeline system; the first refrigeration unit and the second refrigeration unit are closed, and a refrigeration system consisting of the open cooling tower, the plate heat exchanger and the precision air conditioner bears all the cold load of the first refrigeration system.
4. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein air in the machine room enters the machine room from the air outlet through the first heat exchange unit after passing through the second heat exchange unit.
5. The refrigeration system according to claim 4, further comprising a temperature sensor provided in the air-conditioned room, wherein the chiller is a chiller that outputs a cooling medium to the precision air conditioner, and wherein the chiller stops cooling the IT machine room when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is lower than or equal to a preset temperature threshold.
6. The refrigeration system of claim 5, wherein the preset temperature threshold is 23 ℃.
7. The refrigerant system as set forth in claim 1, further including a fan disposed in the dry coil.
8. The refrigeration system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the precision air conditioner and the dry coil are installed in an indoor air-conditioning room, the dry coil is installed on an upper side wall of the air-conditioning room, and air in a machine room enters the air-conditioning room through the dry coil on the side wall and then enters the machine room from a lower part of the air-conditioning room through outlet air of the precision air conditioner.
9. A refrigeration system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said precision air conditioner and said dry coil are installed in an indoor air-conditioning room, said dry coil is installed on a ceiling above said air-conditioning room, and air in a machine room enters said air-conditioning room through said dry coil on the ceiling and then enters the machine room from a lower portion of said air-conditioning room through an outlet of said precision air conditioner.
10. The refrigeration system of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dry coil is disposed at an outlet of a server cabinet in the room.
11. A data center machine room cooling method based on any one of claims 1-10, comprising arranging a dry coil before machine room air enters an air-conditioning room; air in the machine room enters the air-conditioning room through the dry coil pipe, the temperature of the air-conditioning room is monitored by arranging the temperature sensor in the air-conditioning room, and the first refrigerating system is controlled to operate according to the monitored temperature of the air-conditioning room to provide cold air for the machine room to enter the machine room from the lower part of the air-conditioning room.
12. A modification method of a data center machine room based on any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising installing a dry coil at an air inlet from the machine room to the air-conditioning room, and connecting the dry coil with an outdoor closed cooling tower.
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