CN112671265A - Single-electrode liquid drop generator and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Single-electrode liquid drop generator and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112671265A CN112671265A CN202011480082.6A CN202011480082A CN112671265A CN 112671265 A CN112671265 A CN 112671265A CN 202011480082 A CN202011480082 A CN 202011480082A CN 112671265 A CN112671265 A CN 112671265A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-electrode liquid drop generator and a preparation method thereof, which is characterized in that the liquid drop generator can be constructed on any surface, and the generator comprises: electrodes and solid surfaces; the solid surface is the surface of any artificial or natural material; the electrode is a metal pin placed on the solid surface. The preparation of the single-electrode liquid drop generator comprises the following steps: the construction of hydrophobic surfaces and the arrangement of electrodes. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the preparation process is extremely simple, the single-electrode liquid drop generator can be constructed on any solid surface and used for collecting water kinetic energy, the cost is low, and the collected water kinetic energy can be used for driving a tiny electronic device to work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid-liquid interface power generation equipment, in particular to a single-electrode liquid drop generator based on a body effect working principle and having universal significance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The continued development and economic growth of mankind requires new strategies to address the enormous energy challenges. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are still major sources of energy at present, however, the pollution of the environment by burning fossil fuels has attracted a wide attention of the world. Therefore, the development of renewable energy is a constantly sought goal. Water energy is of great interest because of its abundant form and abundance on the earth.
Early water energy collection is mainly limited to be near a water source, kinetic energy of water is converted into mechanical energy by using a water mill, and hydroelectric power generation is carried out by using an electromagnetic generator in the hydroelectric power generation industry of the 20 th century. Both of these technologies have limited water energy utilization by the geographical location of the water source. In nature, other forms of water energy, such as raindrop energy, osmotic energy, evaporative energy, and the like, have not been effectively utilized. In order to promote the development of water energy collection towards wider practical application directions, people begin to collect water energy on the basis of principles such as electrodynamic effect, hydroelectric effect, osmotic pressure difference effect, contact electrification effect, body effect and the like in the aspects of large scales such as rivers/oceans and small scales such as raindrops and the like.
Representative of these, triboelectric nano-generators (TENG) built on the basis of the principle of contact electrification, have electrodes arranged on the back of a dielectric material. Electrostatic energy is obtained by triboelectric and electrostatic interactions between water and the dielectric material. The solid-liquid interface has an interface shielding effect. Although the development of a new water droplet-based generator (DEG) has been reported, it has a structure similar to a transistor, which can break the interface effect. Although the output performance is significantly improved, the need for dual electrodes also places some limitations on the choice of dielectric materials and the location of energy harvesting. The existing generator based on solid-liquid interface energy collection has certain requirements on materials and energy collection positions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a single-electrode liquid drop generator which is based on the body effect working principle and has universal significance and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the defects of the prior art, only one hydrophobic surface, a conductive electrode, a lead, a ground and a liquid drop are needed, the electrode is placed on the hydrophobic surface, and when the liquid drop is spread on the hydrophobic surface and contacts with the electrode, the current generated between the ground and the electrode is output by the lead. The method can collect solid-liquid interface energy on the surface of any material and in any place, has simple and repeatable preparation process and adjustable size, has hundreds of times of increased output electric energy compared with the electrostatic induction and friction power generation of the traditional friction nano generator, has low preparation cost and high output electric energy, can store the output electric energy in a capacitor to drive a micro electronic device to work, and has good application prospect in the field of microelectronics. The single-electrode liquid drop generator breaks through the limitations of material selection and operation positions, and opens up a new field of water kinetic energy collection based on a solid-liquid interface.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a single-electrode liquid drop generator comprises an electrode, a solid surface, a lead and liquid drops, wherein the electrode is a conductive metal needle and is placed on the solid surface; the solid surface is the surface of any solid; the liquid drop is tap water drop, deionized water drop, saline water drop (NaCl) or inorganic salt solution drop (such as CuSO)4、KNO3、CaCl2) (ii) a The lead is a gold, silver or copper conductive metal wire and is connected with the electrode; when the liquid drops are dropped on the solid surface and spread, and contact with the electrodes, current is generated and is output by the lead; wherein the brine has a concentration of
mol/L
mol/L, concentration of inorganic salt solution
mol/L
mol/L。
The solid surface (12) is any solid surface including artificial materials and natural materials.
When the artificial material is PTFE, FEP, PA6 electret material, the surface is provided with a microstructure for increasing the transferred charge quantity.
The microstructure is a rough structure which is prepared by a chemical etching process and has a thickness of 1-200 micrometers, 1 nanometer-1 micrometer or a composite structure of the two.
A preparation method of the single-electrode liquid drop generator comprises the following steps:
step 1: construction of hydrophobic surfaces
If the solid surface is hydrophobic, the solid surface does not need to be treated; if the solid surface is hydrophilic, spraying a NeverWet waterproof coating on the solid surface, and after the solvent is volatilized, changing the hydrophilic solid surface into hydrophobic;
step 2: providing an electrode
Adopting a conductive metal needle made of gold, silver, copper or aluminum as an electrode, connecting the electrode with a lead, and placing the electrode connected with the lead on the solid hydrophobic surface;
and (3) dripping liquid drops on the solid hydrophobic surface, and when the liquid drops fall and impact on the solid hydrophobic surface and spread and contact with the electrode, outputting an electric signal by the electrode to prepare the single-electrode liquid drop generator.
The electrode is an aluminum, copper or silver conductive metal needle prepared by evaporation, sputtering or chemical wet deposition process.
The liquid drop is tap water drop, deionized water drop, saline water drop (NaCl) or inorganic salt solution drop (such as CuSO)4、KNO3、CaCl2) (ii) a Wherein the brine has a concentration of
mol/L
mol/L, concentration of inorganic salt solution
mol/L
mol/L。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has simple and repeatable preparation process, adjustable size and capability of generating electricity by using the bulk effect, the output electric energy is increased by hundreds of times compared with the electrostatic induction and friction power generation of the traditional friction nano generator, the design of the electrode can effectively utilize the friction charge generated by water and the solid surface, the electrostatic induction process is not needed, the interface effect is broken, the electric energy output of the generator can be greatly improved, the single-electrode liquid drop generator can be constructed on any surface to collect the water kinetic energy, the output electric signal is stable and can be stored,
the device can drive a tiny electronic device to work, has low production cost, breaks through the limitations of material selection and operation positions, and opens up a new field of water kinetic energy collection based on a solid-liquid interface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single electrode droplet generator according to the present invention;
fig. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of the working mechanism of the single-electrode droplet generator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hydrophobic surface preparation single electrode droplet generator;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydrophilic surface preparation single electrode droplet generator;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the electrical signal output by the aloe surface single motor droplet generator;
fig. 7 is a graph of the electrical output signal of the stone surface single motor droplet generator.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is composed of a metal electrode 11, an arbitrary solid surface 12, a lead 13 and a liquid drop 14, wherein the metal electrode 11 may be made of gold, silver, copper or aluminum; the solid surface 12 may be an artificial material surface, such as an electret material, e.g., PTFE, FEP, PA6, or a natural material surface, such as wood, aloe, cicada's wing, etc., and the liquid drop 14 may be a tap water drop, a deionized water drop, a salt water drop (the salt water has a concentration in the range of
mol/L
mol/L) or droplets of inorganic salt solutions (e.g. CuSO)4、KNO3、CaCl2The concentration range of the inorganic salt solution is
mol/L
mol/L). When the liquid drop 14 falls down to contact with the solid surface and spreads until the moment of contacting with the metal electrode, a current is generated between the metal electrode 11 and the ground, and the generated current is output by the lead 13 connected with the metal electrode 11.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the present invention generates power by: the solid surface 12 can be easily positively or negatively charged, and the electrode 11 is connected with a voltmeter V to observe an electric signal after being led.
Referring to fig. 2, 12 is a surface susceptible to negative charge, when the liquid drop 14 falls (fig. 2a), contacts the surface 12 susceptible to negative charge, rubs against the solid surface 12, and injects negative charge into the surface 12 (fig. 2b), and as the liquid drop 14 spreads until it touches the electrode 11 (fig. 2c), the electrode 11 is polarized by the electric field of the solid surface 12, which is negatively charged, and the electrode 11 is positively charged, thereby attracting a large amount of negative charge in the liquid drop 14, and at the same time, the solid surface 12 which is negatively charged attracts a large amount of positive charge, and a current is generated between the electrode 11 and the ground, and the direction is directed from the electrode 11 to the ground (fig. 2c), and then the liquid drop contracts and leaves the surface 12 (fig. 2 d).
Referring to fig. 3, 12, which is a surface susceptible to positive charge, when the droplet 14 falls (fig. 3a), contacts the surface 12 susceptible to positive charge, rubs against the solid surface 12, and injects positive charge into the surface 12 (fig. 3b), as the droplet 14 spreads until it touches the electrode 11 (fig. 3c), the electrode 11 is polarized by the electric field of the solid surface 12 which is positively charged, the electrode 11 is negatively charged, thereby attracting a large amount of positive charge in the droplet 14, and at the same time, the solid surface 12 which is positively charged attracts a large amount of negative charge, and a current is generated between the electrode 11 and ground, in a direction from ground to the electrode 11 (fig. 3c), after which the droplet contracts, leaving the surface 12 (fig. 3 d).
The invention is described in further detail below in the context of the fabrication of a single electrode droplet generator.
Example 1
Single-motor liquid drop generator constructed on hydrophobic surface
Referring to fig. 4, a specific fabrication of a single electrode droplet generator constructed on a hydrophobic surface is as follows:
step 1: providing an electrode
A conductive metal needle of gold, silver, copper or aluminum is used as an electrode 11, which is placed on the hydrophobic surface 12. Finally, the electrode is subjected to a lead wire 13, when the liquid drop 14 falls to contact the electrode 11, an electric signal is generated at the end of the electrode 11, and the construction of the single-electrode liquid drop generator on the hydrophobic surface is completed.
Example 2
Single-motor liquid drop generator constructed on hydrophilic surface
Referring to fig. 5, a specific fabrication of a single electrode droplet generator constructed on a hydrophilic surface is as follows:
step 1: construction of hydrophobic surfaces
When the solid surface 12 exhibits hydrophilic properties, a NeverWet waterproof coating needs to be sprayed on the solid surface, and after the solvent is evaporated, the hydrophilic solid surface becomes hydrophobic.
Step 2: providing an electrode
A conductive metal needle 11 of gold, silver, copper or aluminum is placed on the hydrophobic surface 12 prepared above. The electrode is wired 13, when the liquid drop 14 falls and contacts the electrode 11, the electrode 11 outputs an electric signal, and the construction of the single-electrode liquid drop generator on the hydrophobic surface is completed.
Example 3
Single-electrode liquid drop generator constructed on aloe surface and power generation signal test
The hydrophobic surface 12 in example 1 was replaced with an aloe surface, which exhibited hydrophobic characteristics. When the conductive electrode 11 is placed on the surface of aloe, the water drops fall to impact the aloe surface and spread out to contact the electrode 11, the electrode 11 outputs an electrical signal, and the information of the generated electrical signal is shown in fig. 6.
Example 4
Single-electrode liquid drop generator constructed on surface of stone and power generation signal test
The hydrophobic surface 12 in the embodiment 1 is replaced by a stone surface, the stone surface presents hydrophilic characteristics, and Neverwet is sprayed on the stone surface to construct the hydrophobic surface. After the hydrophobic surface is constructed, the conductive electrode 11 is placed on the surface of the stone, water drops fall to impact the surface of the stone and spread, the water drops contact the electrode 11, the electrode 11 outputs an electric signal, and the generated electric signal information is shown in fig. 7.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The single-electrode liquid drop generator is characterized by comprising an electrode (11), a solid surface (12), a lead (13) and a liquid drop (14), wherein the electrode (11) is a gold, silver or copper conductive metal needle and is placed on the solid surface (12); the solid surface (12) is the surface of any solid; the liquid drops (14) are tap water drops, deionized water drops, saline water drops or inorganic salt solution drops; the lead (13) is a gold, silver or copper conductive metal wire and is connected with the electrode (11); when the liquid drops are dropped on the solid surface and spread, and contact with the electrode (11), current is generated and is output by a lead (13); wherein the brine has a concentration of
mol/L
mol/L, the concentration of the inorganic salt solution is
mol/L
mol/L; the inorganic salt is CuSO4、KNO3Or CaCl2。
2. The single electrode droplet generator of claim 1, wherein the solid surface (12) is any solid surface including man made and natural materials.
3. The single-electrode droplet generator of claim 2, wherein when the artificial material is PTFE, FEP, PA6 electret material, the surface is provided with microstructures that increase the amount of transferred charge.
4. The single-electrode liquid droplet generator of claim 3, wherein the microstructure is a rough structure prepared by a chemical etching process and having a thickness of 1-200 microns, 1 nm-1 micron or a combination thereof.
5. A method of making a single electrode droplet generator according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: construction of hydrophobic surfaces
If the solid surface is hydrophobic, the solid surface does not need to be treated; if the solid surface is hydrophilic, spraying a NeverWet waterproof coating on the solid surface, and after the solvent is volatilized, changing the hydrophilic solid surface into hydrophobic;
step 2: providing an electrode
Adopting a conductive metal needle made of gold, silver, copper or aluminum as an electrode, connecting the electrode with a lead, and placing the electrode connected with the lead on the solid hydrophobic surface;
and (3) dripping liquid drops on the solid hydrophobic surface, and when the liquid drops fall and impact on the solid hydrophobic surface and spread and contact with the electrode, outputting an electric signal by the electrode to prepare the single-electrode liquid drop generator.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the electrode is an aluminum, copper or silver conductive metal pin fabricated by evaporation, sputtering or chemical wet deposition process.
7. The method of making a single electrode droplet generator of claim 5, wherein the droplets are tap water droplets, deionized water droplets, brine droplets, or inorganic salt solution droplets; wherein the brine has a concentration of
mol/L
mol/L, concentration of inorganic salt solution
mol/L
mol/L; the inorganic salt is CuSO4、KNO3Or CaCl2。
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113489122A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-08 | 西南大学 | Direct-current liquid drop generator and preparation method thereof |
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