CN112669741A

CN112669741A - Light emission control method and device and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN112669741A
Application number: CN201910983985.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴仓志; 李佳缙
Original assignee: Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-16
Filing date: 2019-10-16
Publication date: 2021-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-16
Also published as: CN112669741B

Abstract

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a light emitting control method, a light emitting control device and an electronic device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: outputting n periods of control signals through the m circuits to control the display panel to emit light, wherein the time for displaying one frame of image by the display panel comprises the n periods, different circuits output the control signals in different periods, the duty ratio of the control signal output by at least one circuit in the m circuits is different from the duty ratio of the control signal output by other circuits, m is more than or equal to 2, and n is more than or equal to 2; and adjusting the duty ratio of each circuit output control signal according to the gray scale for displaying the image, wherein the step length for adjusting the duty ratio is different for the circuits with different duty ratios of the output control signals. According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the brightness of the display image is adjusted with smaller granularity, so that the gray scale of the display image of the display panel is accurately adjusted.

Description

Light emission control method and device and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a light emission control method, a light emission control apparatus, and an electronic device.

Background

In the related art, the adjustment method for the light emission of the display panel includes Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) dimming.

As shown in fig. 1, the display panel is generally configured to have 4 light-emitting periods in a time period when one frame of image is displayed, each period includes a light-emitting period and a non-light-emitting period, and the duty ratio of each period is the same. The brightness (also understood as gray scale) of each frame of image displayed by the display panel is related to the sum of the lighting time lengths of all the periods in the time for displaying one frame of image, for example, the lighting time length is t1 in each period corresponding to the low level, then the sum of the cumulative lighting time lengths of 4 periods is 4t1, and the brightness of the image displayed by the display panel is related to 4t 1.

In the related art, the display panel is mainly controlled to emit light by one circuit, the control signal output by the circuit includes 4 periods, and the duty ratio of each period is the same, because the control signal output by one light emitting circuit is adjusted by the structure of the circuit itself, so that the duty ratios of the circuit in all periods are adjusted synchronously, and the step length of the duty ratio change in each period is the same, for example, the duty ratio needs to be reduced, as shown in fig. 2, the reduced step length is tx, then t1 in each period is reduced to t1-ntx, n is the number of the reduced step lengths, and the cumulative light emitting time length of 4 periods is adjusted to 4t1-4 ntx.

It can be seen that the brightness of the image displayed on the display panel has a granularity of 4ntx, and since only two variables, namely n and tx, exist in the granularity, it is difficult to set the granularity to be small, and therefore, it is difficult to adjust the brightness of the image displayed on the display panel with a small degree of force.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure provides a light emission control method, a light emission control apparatus, and an electronic device to solve the disadvantages in the related art.

According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a light emission control method, adapted to a display panel including m circuits, the method including:

outputting n periods of control signals through the m circuits to control the display panel to emit light, wherein the time for displaying one frame of image by the display panel comprises the n periods, different circuits output the control signals in different periods, the duty ratio of the control signal output by at least one circuit in the m circuits is different from the duty ratio of the control signal output by other circuits, m is more than or equal to 2, and n is more than or equal to 2;

and adjusting the duty ratio of each circuit output control signal according to the gray scale for displaying the image, wherein the step length for adjusting the duty ratio is different for the circuits with different duty ratios of the output control signals.

Alternatively, periods having a relatively small duty cycle are staggered with periods having a relatively large duty cycle.

Optionally, n-4.

Optionally, the duty cycles of the output control signals of different said circuits are different.

Optionally, the method further comprises:

and adjusting the cycle number of the control signals output by the m circuits.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a light emission control device adapted to a display panel including m circuits, the device comprising:

the light emitting control module is configured to output n periods of control signals through the m circuits to control the display panel to emit light, wherein the time for the display panel to display one frame of image comprises the n periods, different circuits output the control signals in different periods, the duty ratio of the output control signals of at least one circuit in the m circuits is different from the duty ratio of the output control signals of other circuits, m is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than or equal to 2;

and the duty ratio adjusting module is configured to adjust the duty ratio of each circuit output control signal according to the gray scale for displaying the image, wherein the step sizes of the duty ratios are different for the circuits with different duty ratios of the output control signals.

Alternatively, the circuit that outputs the control signal with a relatively small duty ratio outputs the control signal alternately with the circuit that outputs the control signal with a relatively large duty ratio.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

a cycle adjustment module configured to adjust a cycle number of the control signals output by the m circuits.

According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic apparatus including:

a processor;

a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;

wherein the processor is configured to implement the method of any of the above embodiments.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:

it can be known from the above embodiments that, by setting m circuits to output n periods of control signals, when the duty ratio of the control signals needs to be adjusted, adjustment signals can be respectively input to the m circuits, even if the adjustment signals are the same, different ones of the m circuits can output control signals with different duty ratios due to different circuit structures, and the step lengths for changing the duty ratios according to the adjustment signals can also be different, so that the step lengths for adjusting the duty ratios can be different for circuits outputting the duty ratios of the control signals, which is convenient for adjusting the brightness of the display images with smaller granularity, so as to accurately adjust the gray scales of the display images displayed by the display panel.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a duty ratio in the related art.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a regulation duty ratio in the related art.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating a lighting control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a duty cycle in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an adjustment duty cycle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another lighting control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a lighting control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another lighting control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating a lighting control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in this embodiment may be applied to a display panel, where the display panel includes m circuits, and the display panel may be applied to an electronic device with a display function, where the electronic device includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, and a wearable device, and the display panel includes, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal display panel, and an organic light emitting diode display panel.

As shown in fig. 3, the light emission control method may include the steps of:

in step S1, n periods of control signals are output by the m circuits to control the display panel to emit light, where the time for displaying one frame of image on the display panel includes the n periods, different ones of the circuits output control signals in different periods, and the duty ratio of the control signal output by at least one of the m circuits is different from the duty ratio of the control signal output by the other circuits, where m is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than or equal to 2;

in step S2, the duty ratio of each of the circuits for outputting the control signal is adjusted according to the gray scale of the image to be displayed, wherein the step size of the adjustment of the duty ratio is different for the circuits for outputting the control signal with different duty ratios.

In the related art, since a control signal including 4 cycles is output by one circuit, when the duty ratio of the control signal needs to be adjusted, the adjustment signal may be input to the circuit, but since the adjustment signal can be input only to one circuit, the step size of the circuit that changes the duty ratio for each cycle based on the adjustment signal is the same.

In one embodiment, when the gray scale of the display image of the display panel needs to be adjusted, the duty ratio of the control signal output by each circuit can be adjusted according to the gray scale of the display image, so that the control signals output by the m circuits can enable the display image of the display panel to reach the required gray scale.

The control signals of n periods are output by setting the m circuits, when the duty ratio of the control signals needs to be adjusted, the adjustment signals can be respectively input into the m circuits, even if the adjustment signals are the same, different circuits in the m circuits can output the control signals with different duty ratios due to different circuit structures, and the step length of changing the duty ratios according to the adjustment signals can also be different, so that the step length of adjusting the duty ratios can be different for the circuits outputting the duty ratios of the control signals, and when the duty ratios of each period are adjusted, the duty ratios can be adjusted according to the periods with different duty ratios (the duration of each period can be equal) according to different step lengths.

For example, taking m as 2 and n as 4 as an example, as shown in fig. 4, 2 circuits a and B, where the circuit a outputs two periods of control signals, the circuit B outputs two periods of control signals, and the duration of each of the 4 periods is equal, where the duty ratio of the two periods corresponding to the control signal output by the circuit a is x, the duration of the corresponding light-emitting phase is t1, the duty ratio of the two periods corresponding to the control signal output by the circuit B is y, and the duration of the corresponding light-emitting phase is t 2.

According to the present embodiment, the circuit a outputting the control signal with the duty ratio x and the circuit B outputting the control signal with the duty ratio y have different steps of adjusting the duty ratio when adjusting the duty ratio, for example, the circuit a may adjust the duty ratio with tx as a step, and the circuit B may adjust the duty ratio with ty as a step.

Then the 4-period cumulative lighting period is 2(t1+ t2) for the 4 periods as shown in fig. 4, the 4 periods after the duty ratio is adjusted are as shown in fig. 5, for two periods with a duty cycle x, the duration of the light emission phase is adjusted to t1-ntx, the duration of the lighting period is adjusted to t2-nty for two periods with the duty ratio y, and then the cumulative lighting duration for 4 periods is 2(t1+ t2) -2(ntx + nty), the brightness of the display image of the display panel, the granularity of the change of which is related to 2(ntx + nty), since tx and ty are different, there are 3 variables in 2(ntx + nty), relative to the brightness change granularity of 4ntx of the display image in the related art shown in fig. 2, more values can be taken, so that the brightness of the display image can be adjusted with smaller granularity, and the gray scale of the display image of the display panel can be accurately adjusted.

It should be noted that, adjusting the duty ratios for the circuits with different duty ratios of the output control signal may all be increasing the duration of the light-emitting phase, may all be decreasing the duration of the light-emitting phase, and may also be increasing the duration of the light-emitting phase for some circuits, and decreasing the duration of the light-emitting phase for other circuits.

In one embodiment, the circuit outputting the control signal with a relatively small duty ratio outputs the control signal alternately with the circuit outputting the control signal with a relatively large duty ratio, so that a period with a relatively small duty ratio is staggered with a period with a relatively large duty ratio.

For example, for the embodiment shown in fig. 5, where the duty cycle x of the control signal output by circuit a is small relative to the duty cycle y of the control signal output by circuit B, point a and circuit B may be set to alternately output control signals such that the period of duty cycle x is staggered with the period of duty cycle y, rather than the period of duty cycle x being continuous.

Because the period with relatively small duty ratio and the duration of the lighting period are relatively short, if the periods with relatively small duty ratio are continuously arranged, the user can watch the period with relatively low duty ratio and the periods with relatively high duty ratio are staggered, the user can watch the period with relatively low duty ratio and the period with relatively high duty ratio, and then the user can watch the period with relatively short lighting duration in one period and the period with relatively high duty ratio and the period with relatively low duty ratio is staggered, so that the user can watch the period with relatively low luminance as a whole, and the problem is avoided.

Optionally, n-4.

In one embodiment, the number of lighting periods in the time when the display panel displays one frame of image may be adjusted as needed, and may be set to be n-4, or may be set to be n equal to another integer greater than 1, and set to be n-4, so as to adapt to an algorithm of a chip currently controlling lighting of the display panel.

In one embodiment, the duty ratios of the circuit output control signals may be set to be different, so that the duty ratio of each of the n periods is different, for example, taking n-4 as an example, m circuits may be set to output control signals of 4 periods, and the duty ratio of the control signal of the first period of the 4 periods is x, the duration of the corresponding lighting phase is t1, the duty ratio of the control signal of the second period is y, the duration of the corresponding lighting phase is t2, the duty ratio of the control signal of the third period is z, the duration of the corresponding lighting phase is t3, the duty ratio of the control signal of the fourth period is w, and the duration of the corresponding lighting phase is t 4.

The step size of adjusting the duty cycle is different for 4 control signals, for example, the step size of adjusting the duty cycle may be set to tx for a control signal with a duty cycle x, ty for a control signal with a duty cycle y, tz for a control signal with a duty cycle z, and tw for a control signal with a duty cycle w.

Before the adjustment, the 4 control signals correspond to 4 periods of the cumulative lighting time duration being (t1+ t2+ t3+ t4), the time duration of the lighting phase being adjusted to t1-ntx for the control signal with the duty ratio x, the time duration of the lighting phase being adjusted to t2-nty for the control signal with the duty ratio y, the time duration of the lighting phase being adjusted to t3-ntz for the control signal with the duty ratio z, the time duration of the lighting phase being adjusted to t4-ntw for the control signal with the duty ratio w, so that the 4 periods of the cumulative lighting time duration are (t1+ t1+ 1) - (1 + 1), the brightness of the display image with a granularity related to (1 + 1+ 1), and tx, ty, tz, tw being different from each other, so that there are 5 variables in (1 + 1+ 1), the number of the brightness of the related display technique being maximized with respect to the brightness of the variation of the relevant display image, the brightness of the display image is adjusted with minimum granularity, so that the gray scale of the display image of the display panel is accurately adjusted.

Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another lighting control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 6, the method further comprises:

in step S3, the number of cycles of the control signals output by the m circuits is adjusted.

In one embodiment, on the basis of adjusting the duty ratio of the light emitting period, the number of periods of the control signals output by the m circuits may also be adjusted, for example, the number of periods may be increased under the condition that the duration of displaying one frame of image is guaranteed to be unchanged, for example, in 4 periods shown in fig. 4, the control circuit a reduces the period of each control signal and sends out one more control signal, and the control circuit B reduces the period of each control signal and sends out one more control signal, that is, adds one period with the duty ratio x and one period with the duty ratio y, so as to increase the 4 periods to 6 periods, which is equivalent to reducing the duration of each period and increasing the number of periods.

For each period, an electrical signal may be input to a pixel unit in the display panel in a light emitting stage so that the pixel unit emits light, for example, for an organic light emitting diode display panel, an anode and a cathode in the pixel unit may generate a voltage across an organic light emitting material so that the organic light emitting material emits light, and by increasing the number of periods, an electrical signal may be input to the pixel unit in more periods, and the electrical signals input for different periods may be different.

The variation of the input electrical signal is more complicated for 6 cycles than for 4 cycles, for example, for some cycles the electrical signal is input (then the display panel is lit) and for some cycles the electrical signal is not input (then the display panel is not lit).

Therefore, within the time of displaying one frame of image, it is convenient to generate more kinds of accumulated luminous time length, which is beneficial to adjusting the brightness of the display image with smaller granularity, so as to accurately adjust the gray scale of the display image of the display panel.

Corresponding to the embodiment of the light emitting control method, the present disclosure also provides an embodiment of a light emitting control apparatus.

Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a lighting control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus shown in this embodiment may be applied to electronic devices including display panels, including but not limited to mobile phones, tablet computers, and wearable devices, including but not limited to liquid crystal display panels and organic light emitting diode display panels.

As shown in fig. 7, the light emission control device may include:

the light emitting control module 1 is configured to output n periods of control signals through the m circuits to control the display panel to emit light, wherein the time for the display panel to display one frame of image includes the n periods, different circuits output control signals in different periods, the duty ratio of the control signal output by at least one circuit in the m circuits is different from the duty ratio of the control signal output by other circuits, m is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than or equal to 2;

and the duty ratio adjusting module 2 is configured to adjust the duty ratio of each circuit output control signal according to the gray scale for displaying the image, wherein the step sizes of the duty ratios are different for the circuits with different duty ratios of the output control signals.

Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another lighting control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus further includes:

a period adjusting module 3 configured to adjust the period number of the control signals output by the m circuits.

With regard to the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiments of the related method, and will not be described in detail here.

For the device embodiments, since they substantially correspond to the method embodiments, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiments for relevant points. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, wherein the modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the disclosed solution. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.

An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, including:

a processor;

a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;

Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an electronic device 900 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, the apparatus 900 may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, an exercise device, a personal digital assistant, and the like.

Referring to fig. 9, apparatus 900 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 902, memory 904, power component 906, multimedia component 908, audio component 910, input/output (I/O) interface 912, sensor component 914, and communication component 916.

The processing component 902 generally controls overall operation of the device 900, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. Processing component 902 may include one or more processors 920 to execute instructions to perform all or a portion of the steps of the methods described above. Further, processing component 902 can include one or more modules that facilitate interaction between processing component 902 and other components. For example, the processing component 902 can include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 908 and the processing component 902.

The memory 904 is configured to store various types of data to support operation at the apparatus 900. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on device 900, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, and so forth. The memory 904 may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks.

The power supply component 906 provides power to the various components of the device 900. The power components 906 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for the device 900.

The multimedia component 908 comprises a screen providing an output interface between the device 900 and a user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive an input signal from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 908 includes a front facing camera and/or a rear facing camera. The front camera and/or the rear camera may receive external multimedia data when the device 900 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode. Each front camera and rear camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have a focal length and optical zoom capability.

The audio component 910 is configured to output and/or input audio signals. For example, audio component 910 includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when apparatus 900 is in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may further be stored in the memory 904 or transmitted via the communication component 916. In some embodiments, audio component 910 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

I/O interface 912 provides an interface between processing component 902 and peripheral interface modules, which may be keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: a home button, a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.

The sensor component 914 includes one or more sensors for providing status assessment of various aspects of the apparatus 900. For example, sensor assembly 914 may detect an open/closed state of device 900, the relative positioning of components, such as a display and keypad of device 900, the change in position of device 900 or a component of device 900, the presence or absence of user contact with device 900, the orientation or acceleration/deceleration of device 900, and the change in temperature of device 900. The sensor assembly 914 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object in the absence of any physical contact. The sensor assembly 914 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 914 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

The communication component 916 is configured to facilitate communications between the apparatus 900 and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The apparatus 900 may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, 4G LTE, 5G NR, or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 916 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast associated information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 916 further includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communications. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 900 may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors or other electronic components for performing the methods described in any of the above embodiments.

In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions, such as the memory 904 comprising instructions, executable by the processor 920 of the apparatus 900 to perform the above-described method is also provided. For example, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium may be a ROM, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.

Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A light emission control method applied to a display panel including m circuits, the method comprising:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the circuit outputting the control signal with the relatively small duty cycle alternates with the circuit outputting the control signal with the relatively large duty cycle.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein n-4.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein different ones of the circuit output control signals have different duty cycles.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

and adjusting the cycle number of the control signals output by the m circuits.

6. A lighting control device adapted for a display panel including m circuits, the device comprising:

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the circuit that outputs the control signal with a relatively small duty cycle alternates the output control signal with the circuit that outputs the control signal with a relatively large duty cycle output control signal.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein different ones of the circuit output control signals have different duty cycles.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:

10. An electronic device, comprising:

a processor;

a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;

wherein the processor is configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.