CN112668163B - Method for determining minimum safety distance between terrorist explosion-proof roadblock and building - Google Patents
Method for determining minimum safety distance between terrorist explosion-proof roadblock and building Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining the minimum safe distance between a terrorist explosion barrier and a building, which firstly sets the explosion shock wave parameter entering the building as a function of the explosion dimensionless distance and two dimensionless volumes of the building; then fixing the dimensionless volume of the building, changing the size of the explosion proportion distance, and performing a series of explosion simulation tests to obtain shock wave parameter test data in the building; the method comprises the steps of fixing the explosion proportion distance, changing the size of the dimensionless volume of the building, performing a series of tests, measuring the shock wave parameters in the building, obtaining a series of test data, fitting the series of data obtained by calculation, and obtaining a calculation formula of the shock wave parameters according to a fitting result; according to the formula, the minimum safe distance between the terrorist explosion-proof roadblock and the building is deduced by combining the personnel complex wave damage threshold value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of explosion shock wave damage evaluation, in particular to a method for determining the minimum safe distance between an anti-terrorist explosion roadblock and a building.
Background
There is no clear standard for the distance problems of protective barriers and important buildings at present. In order to ensure the safety of personnel in a building during terrorist explosion, the inventor proposes a simplified calculation method of characteristic parameters of shock waves in the building under the condition of terrorist explosion in a patent (application number: CN 202010226869.3) which is proposed and filed by the inventor. Based on the method, the invention further provides a method for determining the minimum safety distance between the terrorist explosion protection roadblock and the building according to the complex shock wave injury of personnel, and the method can rapidly determine the minimum safety distance required by guaranteeing the safety of personnel and equipment in the building when different equivalent terrorist explosion devices explode, and has important significance for formulating necessary precautionary measures and furthest reducing the explosion injury.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the minimum safe distance between a terrorist explosion-proof roadblock and a building, which is used for calculating the minimum distance between the roadblock and the building when the roadblock is arranged outside an important building.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for determining a minimum safe distance between a terrorist explosion-proof roadblock and a building, comprising the following steps:
step S1: assuming that an explosive device with a loading of W kg TNT equivalent explodes on the ground at an outer distance of R meters from the center of the building aperture, the ambient atmospheric pressure is P 0 Air density ρ 0 The orifice volume is V 0 The volume of the building is V, and the shock wave characteristic parameter includes shock wave uniform pressure deltap provided that the shock wave pressure entering the building from the orifice structure is uniform c Time τ of positive pressure application +c And average positive pressure impulse I c The determinable main fixed parameter group is as follows:
W，R，P 0 ，ρ 0 ，V 0 ，V；
the characteristic parameters of the shock wave are used as parameters to be determined, and the parameters to be determined are as follows:
ΔP C ，τ +C ，Ic；
and F is used for representing a to-be-determined parameter set of the shock wave entering the building, and the to-be-determined parameter set and the main to-be-determined parameter set have the following functional relation:
F＝f(W,R,P 0 ,ρ 0 ,V 0 ,V) (1)
by adopting an LMT measurement unit system, the following dimensionless combination exists in the main fixed parameter group according to the pi theorem:and->Equation (1) can then be written in the form:
similarly, the pressure ΔP in the parameter set to be determined C Time τ of positive pressure application +C And positive pressure impulse I C Is:
and->
Let P 0 ＝1，ρ 0 =1, a dimensionless representation of the functional relationship of the blast shock wave parameters into the building can be obtained:
according to the formulas (3) and (4), the parameters of the blast shock wave entering the building are functions of two dimensionless distances of the blast and the dimensionless volume of the building, wherein the dimensionless distances are the ratio of the distance from the blast point to the center point of the orifice of the building to the cube root of the explosive loading, namely the blast ratio distanceThe dimensionless volume is the ratio of the orifice volume to the building body volume>
Step S2, fixing the dimensionless volume of the buildingUnchanged, change the explosion proportion distance->In the case of performing a series of explosion simulation tests to obtain in-building shock wave parameter test data, the in-building shock wave parameters are only related to the explosion proportion distance, and the formulas (3) and (4) are changed into the following forms:
fitting the data obtained by the test to obtain an approximate calculation formula of the explosion shock wave parameters in the building along with the explosion proportion distance:
step S3, fixingUnchanged, change building->Performing a series of tests, measuring each shock wave parameter in the building, obtaining a series of test data, fitting the series of data obtained by calculation, and obtaining a specific calculation formula of each shock wave parameter according to a fitting result, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
s4, substituting the formulas (9) and (10) into the formulas (7) and (8) respectively for arrangement, and obtaining a calculation formula of explosion shock wave parameters of different equivalent explosion devices entering the building from any orifice when the explosion devices explode at any distance outside the building:
if the shell is not right against the center of the orifice, but explodes at any position outside the orifice, a virtual connecting line can be made between the charge center and the center of the orifice, the included angle between the connecting line and the axis of the orifice is alpha, other parameters in the formula do not need to be changed at this time, and only the opening area of the orifice needs to be converted into the projection area on the axis of the orifice; from the trigonometric function, the effective orifice volume of the orifice is V 0 cos 2 Alpha, and therefore,
step S5, converting the formulas (13) and (14) according to the explosion distance R, and setting R p R is calculated for formula (13), R I The R value calculated for equation (14) is:
looking up a table to obtain the personnel explosion-proof complex shock wave pressure threshold value P mix And personnel anti-explosion complex shock wave impulse threshold delta I mix Will DeltaP c ＝P mix Substituting into formula (15) to calculate R p The value R (P) mix The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Will be DeltaI c ＝ΔI mix Substituting into formula (14) to calculate R I The value R (I) mix The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the As a result of the fact that,
thus, R (P) mix And R (I) mix The minimum value of (2) is the minimum distance for personnel to avoid being injured by complex shock waves, namely the minimum safety distance between the terrorist explosion prevention roadblock and a building.
The specific method for acquiring the test data in the step S2 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of respectively arranging sensors on side walls at two sides of the interior of a simulated building, changing explosion proportion distances, performing explosion simulation tests, measuring the characteristic parameters of the impact wave inside the building under different explosion proportion distances through the sensors, and obtaining a series of test data through N groups of tests of different explosion proportion distances.
The method for acquiring test data in the step S3 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of respectively arranging sensors on side walls at two sides of the interior of a simulated building, changing the size of the structural volume of an orifice, performing explosion simulation test, measuring the characteristic parameters of shock waves in the interior of the building with different structural volumes of the orifice through the sensors, and obtaining a series of test data through N groups of tests with different structural volumes of the orifice.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can calculate the minimum safety distance of the explosion of various explosion devices in terrorist attack based on the injury effect of the explosion shock wave to personnel, thereby obtaining the minimum safety distance between the terrorist explosion prevention roadblock and the building, not only providing basis for formulating necessary precautionary measures, but also having important significance for effectively improving the survivability of personnel and equipment and perfecting the protection system of important targets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a computing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an explosive device not facing an orifice;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of analysis of parameters of shock waves in a dual-port building;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a fit of pressure as a function of explosion scale distance;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a fit of impulse as a function of explosion scale distance;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a fit of pressure as a function of dimensionless volume;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a fit of impulse as a function of dimensionless volume;
FIG. 8 is a fitted curve of pressure-related parameters as a function of orifice dimensionless volume;
fig. 9 is a fitted curve of impulse wave related parameters as a function of dimensionless volume of the orifice.
In the figure, 1, explosive device, 2, building, 3, orifice.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed and complete detailed description of the technical scheme of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Before describing the technical scheme of the invention, for the convenience of understanding, a simple preliminary description is made of the law of the blast shock wave entering the building:
in terrorist explosion, when an explosion device explodes near an orifice of a building, explosion shock waves rapidly enter the interior of the building from various orifices (doors, windows and the like) which are opened in the building, firstly, the shock waves are rapidly diffused to the interior space due to the action of sparse waves, so that the shock waves are gradually attenuated, then, the shock waves are limited to move in the building, the shock waves generate multiple reflections on the peripheral wall surfaces in the building and interaction between the waves, and finally, the explosion shock waves in the building are gradually attenuated to the surrounding atmospheric pressure due to heat loss and leakage of the shock waves reflected to the orifices;
the explosive equivalent of various explosive devices cannot be uniformly measured due to different charges, so that the explosive equivalent of the explosive devices is converted into TNT equivalent according to the following formula:
in the above formula: w (W) TNT And Q TNT The weight and the explosion heat energy of the TNT explosive are respectively, the W equivalent weight and the Q equivalent weight of the TNT explosive are TNT equivalent weight and explosion heat energy of any type of explosive, and the Q is explosion heat energy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for determining a minimum safe distance between a terrorist explosion-proof roadblock and a building, comprising the following steps:
step S1, as shown in FIG. 1, assuming that explosive device 1 with a loading of W kg TNT equivalent is exploded on the ground at an outer distance of R meters from the center of building aperture 3, the ambient atmospheric pressure is P 0 Air density ρ 0 The orifice 3 has a volume V 0 The volume of the building 2 is V, and given that the pressure of the shock wave entering the building 2 from the orifice 3 structure is uniform, the shock wave characteristic parameters include the shock wave uniform pressure Δp c Time τ of positive pressure application +c And average positive pressure impulse I c Wherein the main can be determinedThe fixed parameter group is:
W，R，P 0 ，ρ 0 ，V 0 ，V；
the characteristic parameters of the shock wave are used as parameters to be determined, and the parameters to be determined are as follows:
ΔP C ，τ +C ，I c ；
the following functional relationship exists between the undetermined parameter group and the main fixed parameter group:
F＝f(W,R,P 0 ,ρ 0 ,V 0 ,V) (1)
by adopting an LMT measurement unit system, the following dimensionless combination exists in the main fixed parameter group according to the pi theorem:and->Equation (1) can then be written in the form:
adopting LMT measurement unit system, according to pi theorem, there is pressure delta P in undetermined parameter group C Time τ of positive pressure application +C And positive pressure impulse I C Is:
and->
Let po=1, ρo=1, a dimensionless representation of the general functional relationship of the various blast shock wave parameters entering the building can be obtained:
according to formulas (3), (4), the blast shock wave parameter in the building is a function of the blast proportional distance and the dimensionless volume of the orifice structure;
step S2, fixing the dimensionless volume of the buildingUnchanged, change the explosion proportion distance->In the case of performing a series of explosion simulation tests to obtain in-building shock wave parameter test data, the in-building shock wave parameters are only related to the explosion proportion distance, and the formulas (3) and (4) are changed into the following forms:
through a series of explosion simulation tests, each shock wave parameter in the building is measured, test data are comprehensively processed according to formulas (5) and (6), and the results are shown in a table:
TABLE 1 statistics of shock wave pressure and impulse in buildings at different explosion ratios
According to the test data of 1, respectively making a relation diagram of shock wave pressure, impulse and explosion proportion distance in a building, and FIG. 4 is a fitting curve diagram when the pressure changes along with the explosion proportion distance; FIG. 5 is a graph showing the fitting of impulse as the distance between explosion ratios changes, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, where the relationship between the pressure of shock wave in the building and impulse and the distance between explosion ratios all conform to the exponential function characteristics, and fitting is performed according to the rule;
as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the fitted curve is relatively close to the actual measurement result, and the calculation function formula of the blast shock wave parameter along with the blast proportion distance in the building can be obtained according to the fitted result:
step S3, fixing R/W 1/3 Unchanged, change dimensionless distance V 0 The magnitude of V, a series of tests were performed to measure the parameters of each shock wave in the building and obtain a series of test data, fig. 6 is a graph of the fit of the pressure as a function of dimensionless volume, fig. 7 is a graph of the fit of the impulse as a function of dimensionless volume, and the test data were processed according to the functions (7) and (8) as shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 statistics of shockwave parameters in different dimensionless volume buildings
As can be seen from fig. 6 and fig. 7, under the condition of different explosion proportion distances, the curves of the variation rule of the shock wave parameters in the building along with the dimensionless volume of the orifice are approximately parallel, so that under the condition of different explosion proportion distances, the curves of the shock wave parameters in the building can be described by the same function curve, and if the proportional distance functions (7) and (8) are used for transforming the data of table 2, the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 statistics of relevant parameters of shock waves in different dimensionless volume buildings
Fitting the series of data in table 3, fig. 8 is a fitting curve of the variation of the pressure-related parameter with the dimensionless volume of the orifice, fig. 9 is a fitting curve of the variation of the impulse-related parameter with the dimensionless volume of the orifice, and as shown in fig. 8 and 9, a functional relation between the explosion shock wave and the dimensionless volume in the building can be obtained according to the fitting result:
s4, finishing the relational expressions (9) and (10) to obtain a simplified calculation formula of explosion shock wave parameters of the conventional weapon entering the building structure from the orifice structure when the conventional weapon explodes at any distance outside the building:
if the projectile is not directed to the center of the orifice but is detonated at any location outside the orifice, as shown in FIG. 2, a virtual connection line can be made between the center of the charge and the center of the orifice, the connection line having an angle α with the axis of the orifice, where other parameters in the formula are notThe change is needed, and the opening area of the orifice is converted into the projection area on the axis of the orifice; from the trigonometric function, the effective orifice volumes of the orifices are all V 0 cos 2 Alpha; thus, it is possible to obtain
Step S5, converting the formulas (13) and (14) according to the explosion distance R, and setting R p R is calculated for formula (13), R I The R value calculated for equation (14) is:
looking up a table to obtain the personnel explosion-proof complex shock wave pressure threshold value P mix And personnel anti-explosion complex shock wave impulse threshold delta I mix Will DeltaP c ＝P mix Substituting into formula (15) to calculate R p The value R (P) mix The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Will be DeltaI c ＝ΔI mix Substituting into formula (14) to calculate R I The value R (I) mix The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the As a result of the fact that,
thus, R (P) mix And R (I) mix Minimum value of (2)I.e., the minimum distance that personnel are protected from complex shock waves, i.e., the minimum safe distance between the anti-terrorist explosion barrier and the building.
According to the method provided by the invention, besides the evaluation of a single-hole building, the evaluation of a double-hole building can be also performed, for example, as shown in fig. 3, when an explosion device is positioned at the middle position outside two holes and is at a distance R from the two holes, the effective volume V corresponding to the two holes is as follows 01 ＝V 02 The triangle function relationship is utilized to obtain:
V 0 ＝V 01 +V 02 ＝2V 0 cos 2 α
therefore, the calculation formula of the pressure and impulse of the shock wave at any point in the double-orifice building is as follows:
looking up a table to obtain the personnel explosion-proof complex shock wave pressure threshold value P mix And personnel anti-explosion complex shock wave impulse threshold delta I mix Will DeltaP c ＝P mix Substituting into formula (15) to calculate R p The value R (P) mix The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Will be DeltaI c ＝ΔI mix Substituting into formula (14) to calculate R I The value R (I) mix ；R(P) mix And R (I) mix The minimum value of (2) is the minimum distance for personnel to avoid being injured by complex shock waves, namely the minimum safety distance between the terrorist explosion prevention roadblock and a building.
Similarly, the method of the invention is also applicable to multi-hole buildings with more holes.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
Claims (3)
1. A method for determining the minimum safe distance between a terrorist explosion-proof roadblock and a building is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: assuming that an explosive device with a loading of W kg TNT equivalent explodes on the ground at an outer distance of R meters from the center of the building aperture, the ambient atmospheric pressure is P 0 Air density ρ 0 The orifice volume is V 0 The volume of the building is V, and the shock wave characteristic parameter includes shock wave uniform pressure deltap provided that the shock wave pressure entering the building from the orifice structure is uniform c Time τ of positive pressure application +c And average positive pressure impulse I c The determinable main fixed parameter group is as follows:
W，R，P 0 ，ρ 0 ，V 0 ，V；
the characteristic parameters of the shock wave are used as parameters to be determined, and the parameters to be determined are as follows:
ΔP C ，τ +C ，Ic；
and F is used for representing a to-be-determined parameter set of the shock wave entering the building, and the to-be-determined parameter set and the main to-be-determined parameter set have the following functional relation:
F＝f(W,R,P 0 ,ρ 0 ,V 0 ,V) (1)
by adopting an LMT measurement unit system, the following dimensionless combination exists in the main fixed parameter group according to the pi theorem:andequation (1) can then be written in the form:
similarly, the pressure ΔP in the parameter set to be determined C Time τ of positive pressure application +C And positive pressure impulse I C Is:
and->
Let P 0 ＝1，ρ 0 =1, a dimensionless representation of the functional relationship of the blast shock wave parameters into the building can be obtained:
according to the formulas (3) and (4), the parameters of the blast shock wave entering the building are functions of two dimensionless distances of the blast and the dimensionless volume of the building, wherein the dimensionless distances are the ratio of the distance from the blast point to the center point of the orifice of the building to the cube root of the explosive loading, namely the blast ratio distanceThe dimensionless volume is the ratio of the orifice volume to the building body volume>
Step S2, fixing the dimensionless volume of the buildingUnchanged, change the explosion proportion distance->In the method, series explosion simulation tests are carried out to obtain in-building shock wave parameter test data, and at the moment, as the in-building shock wave parameters are only related to the explosion proportion distance, the formulas (3) and (4) are changed into the following forms:
fitting the data obtained by the test to obtain an approximate calculation formula of the explosion shock wave parameters in the building along with the explosion proportion distance:
step S3, fixingUnchanged, change building->Performing a series of tests, measuring each shock wave parameter in the building, obtaining a series of test data, fitting the series of data obtained by calculation, and obtaining a specific calculation formula of each shock wave parameter according to a fitting result, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
s4, substituting the formulas (9) and (10) into the formulas (7) and (8) respectively for arrangement, and obtaining a calculation formula of explosion shock wave parameters of different equivalent explosion devices entering the building from any orifice when the explosion devices explode at any distance outside the building:
if the shell is not right against the center of the orifice, but explodes at any position outside the orifice, a virtual connecting line can be made between the charge center and the center of the orifice, the included angle between the connecting line and the axis of the orifice is alpha, other parameters in the formula do not need to be changed at this time, and only the opening area of the orifice needs to be converted into the projection area on the axis of the orifice; from the trigonometric function, the effective orifice volumes of the orifices are all V 0 cos 2 Alpha, and therefore,
step S5, converting the formulas (13) and (14) according to the explosion distance R, and setting R p R is calculated for formula (13), R I The R value calculated for equation (14) is:
looking up a table to obtain the personnel explosion-proof complex shock wave pressure threshold value P mix And personnel anti-explosion complex shock wave impulse threshold delta I mix Will DeltaP c ＝P mix Substituting into formula (15) to calculate R p The value R (P) mix The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Will be DeltaI c ＝ΔI mix Substituting into formula (14) to calculate R I The value R (I) mix The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the As a result of the fact that,
thus, R (P) mix And R (I) mix The minimum value of (2) is the minimum distance for personnel to avoid being injured by complex shock waves, namely the minimum safety distance between the terrorist explosion prevention roadblock and a building.
2. A method for determining the minimum safe distance between an anti-terrorist explosion barrier and a building according to claim 1, wherein: the specific method for acquiring the test data in the step S2 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of respectively arranging sensors on side walls at two sides of the interior of a simulated building, changing explosion proportion distances, performing explosion simulation tests, measuring the characteristic parameters of the impact wave inside the building under different explosion proportion distances through the sensors, and obtaining a series of test data through N groups of tests of different explosion proportion distances.
3. A method for determining the minimum safe distance between an anti-terrorist explosion barrier and a building according to claim 1, wherein: the method for acquiring test data in the step S3 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of respectively arranging sensors on side walls at two sides of the interior of a simulated building, changing the size of the structural volume of an orifice, performing explosion simulation test, measuring the characteristic parameters of shock waves in the interior of the building with different structural volumes of the orifice through the sensors, and obtaining a series of test data through N groups of tests with different structural volumes of the orifice.
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| KR101914264B1 (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-12-28 | 오광석 | Method for measuring explosion position in space of proximity fuze |
| CN110020482A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-16 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 | It explodes before a kind of armored concrete protective door the calculation method of tunnel internal impact wave superpressure reduction coefficient |
| CN111444566A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-24 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 | Simplified calculation method for characteristic parameters of terrorist explosion shock waves |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101914264B1 (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-12-28 | 오광석 | Method for measuring explosion position in space of proximity fuze |
| CN110020482A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-16 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 | It explodes before a kind of armored concrete protective door the calculation method of tunnel internal impact wave superpressure reduction coefficient |
| CN111444566A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-24 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 | Simplified calculation method for characteristic parameters of terrorist explosion shock waves |
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