CN112666422A - Positioning method for measuring hidden trouble - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for positioning a measurement hidden trouble, which comprises the following steps: constructing a measurement equation for each measuring point of the direct current system, and carrying out state estimation on each measured value; determining a measuring point where hidden danger occurs according to the deviation of the estimated value and the measured value; in order to further reduce the influence of various conditions on screening of potential hazard measuring points, the measuring points with the largest state estimation values and the largest deviation percentages of the measured values are focused to screen the measuring points which are most likely to have the potential hazards from the measuring points with the deviation of the plurality of estimation values and the plurality of measured values as much as possible; and comparing the state estimation result of the other pole or the state estimation result of the equipment just in operation, and focusing on the measuring point with the maximum deviation change. The method for positioning the hidden danger of the measurement provides the position of the hidden danger measuring point with the highest possibility. Analysis and simulation tests show that the method provided by the invention can accurately position the measuring point where the potential measurement hazard of the direct current system is located, and has practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a method for positioning potential measurement hazards.
Background
The long-distance large-capacity direct current transmission project is an important power infrastructure and an important foundation stone for economic development. Safe and stable operation of the direct current transmission project is an important component of the reliability of the power system. In a conventional direct-current project, a direct-current control protection system is configured with redundant layered partition protection and used for isolating and clearing faults as soon as possible when the faults occur, protecting primary equipment of a direct-current transmission project and ensuring direct-current power transmission as far as possible.
For the hidden trouble of primary equipment which does not cause protection action, part of the direct current control protection system can realize simple abnormal detection in the system monitoring function through out-of-limit detection or amplitude comparison. However, in the actual dc process, a small amplitude deviation of the measured value is often difficult to be judged by the above method. Under the action of a direct current control system, deviation of a single measured value can also cause other mutually coupled measuring points to deviate from a normal value, and the hidden danger investigation usually needs a large amount of analysis, simulation and investigation. The traditional communication system usually weakens the influence of abnormal measuring points on mode calculation in a power grid through a state estimation method and searches the abnormal measuring points. With the development of direct-current power transmission, a lot of research is devoted to solving the problem of state estimation of an alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power grid, but the purpose of the method is mainly to provide data for an EMS system, and little research is focused on how to use a state estimation method to eliminate the hidden trouble of measurement of the direct-current system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for positioning hidden measurement trouble, which includes first constructing a measurement equation to estimate a measurement value by using a state estimation algorithm, and then prompting the method limitations and improvement methods according to engineering practice.
The invention solves the problems through the following technical means:
a method for positioning hidden trouble in measurement comprises the following steps:
constructing a measurement equation for each measuring point of the direct current system, and carrying out state estimation on each measured value;
determining a measuring point where hidden danger occurs according to the deviation of the estimated value and the measured value;
in order to further reduce the influence of various conditions on screening of potential hazard measuring points, the measuring points with the largest state estimation values and the largest deviation percentages of the measured values are focused to screen the measuring points which are most likely to have the potential hazards from the measuring points with the deviation of the plurality of estimation values and the plurality of measured values as much as possible; and comparing the state estimation result of the other pole or the state estimation result of the equipment just in operation, and focusing on the measuring point with the maximum deviation change.
Preferably, a measurement equation is constructed for each measurement point of the direct current system, and a state estimation is performed on each measurement value, specifically including the following steps:
given a general conventional dc operation mode, a main wiring, a primary main device and a measurement system, the nonlinear measurement equation can be expressed as:
z＝f(x)+v (1)
wherein z is a measurement vector, x is a state estimation vector, f (x) is a non-linear vector function of x, and v is a residual vector; for general conventional extra-high voltage direct current engineering, z, x, f (x) and v can be selected according to the formula (2):
(2) in the formula of UdLIs a DC line voltage, UdMIs the high and low valve midpoint voltage, alpha1For high valve firing angle, IdLHFor direct line current, Uac1Effective value, U, of the line voltage of the AC system measured for a high valvedNIs a neutral bus voltage, α2At a low valve firing angle, Uac2Effective value of line voltage of AC system, I, measured for low valvedLNIs the neutral bus current; z (U)dL)、z(UdM)、z(α1)、z(IdLH)、z(Uac1)、z(UdN)、z(α2)、z(Uac2)、z(IdLN) For the measured values of the individual measuring points, pu (U)dL)、pu(UdM)、pu(α1)、pu(IdLH)、pu(Uac1)、pu(UdN)、pu(α2)、pu(Uac2)、pu(IdLN) Rated values for each measuring point; (2) in the formula of Uvc1、Uvc2Voltage, X, of no-load line on valve side of high-low valve converter transformerr2For commutation reactance, the calculation is as follows:
(3) formula (4) wherein UvcFor the secondary side rated phase voltage, t, of the converter transformerkFor commutation shift step differences, tcp1、tcp2The converter transformer tap positions are respectively a high valve and a low valve, S is a single converter variable capacity, UkThe circuit voltage percentage is reduced for commutation; it is noted that X isr2The converter transformer leakage reactance and the anode reactance are included, and the anode reactance is considered to be smaller than the converter transformer leakage reactance and has stronger nonlinearity, so that the anode reactor is ignored in the formula (5); in addition, when the converter gear changes, the percentage of the short-circuit voltage also changes slightly, (5) the formula also ignores the change; in addition, the gear of the converter transformer tap in the formulas (3) and (4) is also a measured value, but the gear is considered to be only an integer, the gear is often expressed and transmitted in a BCD code form in the actual direct current engineering, the problem of measurement deviation generally does not exist, and once the converter transformer tap is stuck or fails, the converter transformer body is often subjected to protection action or alarm, and the default tap gear has no error and is an accurate value;
after the measurement vector is given, a state estimation vector x is obtained to enable a target function to be minimum; the objective function is as follows:
J(x)＝[z-f(x)]TR-1[z-f(x)] (5)
(5) in the formula, R-1Is a weight matrix; considering that the precision of the direct current field measuring devices is similar, R-1Optionally a unit diagonal matrix I.
Preferably, the step of determining a measurement point where a potential hazard occurs according to a deviation between the estimated value and the measured value specifically includes the following steps:
after the x vector is obtained, selecting a measuring point of which the difference between the measurement value and the state estimation value exceeds the error range of the measuring equipment, and judging that the measuring point equipment has hidden danger; the measurement and state estimation bias can be calculated according to equation (6):
(6) in the formula,. DELTA.mAs a percentage of deviation between the m-th measured value and the state estimate, zmIs the m-th measured value, xmIs the state estimate of the m-th measurement, z1p.u.The rating for the mth measurement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the method carries out state estimation on the conventional direct current steady state operation condition, and judges the measuring point where the hidden danger occurs according to the deviation of the estimated value and the measured value. According to the state estimation characteristics, the limitation of the method is analyzed, and an engineering optimization method is provided for improving the accuracy of hidden danger judgment. And finally, the effectiveness of the method provided by the invention is verified by combining a plurality of actual engineering cases. In a physical in-loop simulation test, the potential hazard measuring point position with the highest possibility is provided by the potential hazard measuring positioning method. Analysis and simulation tests show that the method provided by the invention can accurately position the measuring point where the potential measurement hazard of the direct current system is located, and has practical value.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a measurement hidden danger positioning method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for positioning hidden trouble in measurement, which comprises the following steps:
s1 State estimation of conventional DC Steady State conditions
Given a general conventional dc operation mode, a main wiring, a primary main device and a measurement system, the nonlinear measurement equation can be expressed as:
z＝f(x)+v (1)
where z is the measurement vector, x is the state estimation vector, f (x) is a non-linear vector function of x, and v is the residual vector. For general conventional extra-high voltage direct current engineering, z, x, f (x) and v can be selected according to the formula (2):
(2) in the formula of UdLIs a DC line voltage, UdMIs the high and low valve midpoint voltage, alpha1For high valve firing angle, IdLHFor direct line current, Uac1Effective value, U, of the line voltage of the AC system measured for a high valvedNIs a neutral bus voltage, α2Is a low valve firing angle，Uac2Effective value of line voltage of AC system, I, measured for low valvedLNIs the neutral bus current; z (U)dL)、z(UdM)、z(α1)、z(IdLH)、z(Uac1)、z(UdN)、z(α2)、z(Uac2)、z(IdLN) For the measured values of the individual measuring points, pu (U)dL)、pu(UdM)、pu(α1)、pu(IdLH)、pu(Uac1)、pu(UdN)、pu(α2)、pu(Uac2)、pu(IdLN) The rated value of each measuring point. (2) In the formula of Uvc1、Uvc2Voltage, X, of no-load line on valve side of high-low valve converter transformerr2For commutation reactance, the calculation is as follows:
(3) formula (4) wherein UvcFor the secondary side rated phase voltage, t, of the converter transformerkFor commutation shift step differences, tcp1、tcp2The converter transformer tap positions are respectively a high valve and a low valve, S is a single converter variable capacity, UkThe percentage of the circuit voltage is reduced for commutation. It is noted that X isr2The converter leakage reactance and the anode reactance should be included, and considering that the anode reactance is smaller than the converter leakage reactance and has stronger nonlinearity, the formula (5) ignores the anode reactor. In addition, when the commutation gear changes, the percentage of the short-circuit voltage also changes slightly, and the change is also ignored by the formula (5). In addition, the converter transformer tap gears in the formulas (3) and (4) are also measured values, but the gears are considered to be only integers, and are often expressed and transmitted in a BCD code form in actual direct current engineering, and generally measurement deviation does not existThe problem is that once the tap of the converter transformer is stuck or fails, the protection action or the alarm of the converter transformer body is often generated, and the default tap gear has no error and is an accurate value.
Given the measurement vector, the state estimation vector x is found to minimize the objective function. The objective function is as follows:
J(x)＝[z-f(x)]TR-1[z-f(x)] (5)
(5) in the formula, R-1Is a weight matrix. Considering that the precision of the direct current field measuring devices is similar, R-1Optionally a unit diagonal matrix I.
S2, determining measuring points of hidden danger
And after the x vector is obtained, selecting a measuring point of which the difference between the measurement value and the state estimation value exceeds the error range of the measuring equipment to judge that the measuring point equipment has hidden danger. The measurement and state estimation bias can be calculated according to equation (6):
(6) in the formula,. DELTA.mAs a percentage of deviation between the m-th measured value and the state estimate, zmIs the m-th measured value, xmIs the state estimate of the m-th measurement, z1p.u.The rating for the mth measurement.
S3, limitation and improvement of positioning method for measuring hidden trouble
Since the objective of the state estimation algorithm used in the present invention to estimate the measurement values is to minimize the sum of squares of the residuals, the error of even one measurement value will cause the deviation of multiple estimation values and measurement values. In addition, because the commutation reactance in the formula (2) is approximate and simplified, the result that the deviation of the measured value and the estimated value exceeds the measurement error range can be obtained under the normal operation condition of the measured points. In order to reduce the influence of the above situation on the screening of the potential hazard measuring points, the following measures are suggested:
(1) the measuring points with the largest deviation percentages of the state estimation values and the measured values are focused to screen the measuring points with the highest possibility of hidden danger from the measuring points with the deviation of the state estimation values and the measured values.
(2) And comparing the state estimation result of the other pole or the state estimation result of the equipment just in operation, and focusing on the measuring point with the maximum deviation change.
Simulation and actual data verification
And verifying the positioning method of the hidden measurement danger by using a physical in-loop real-time simulation system with an actual extra-high voltage direct current control protection hardware device.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the positioning method for measuring hidden danger, the invention uses a physical in-loop real-time simulation system as a basis to measure the voltage (U) of the direct current line of the pole 1dH) And pole 1 high-low valve midpoint voltage (U)dM) The measurement deviations of 1% were simulated at the measurement points, respectively. The test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1UdHMeasurement and state estimation results at 500MW power level at 1% higher
TABLE 2UdMMeasurement and state estimation results at 500MW power level at 1% higher
| Name/unit of survey point | Measured value | State estimation | Relative deviation/%) |
| UdH/kV | 798 | 799.9 | -0.23 |
| UdM/kV | 399 | 397.2 | 0.46 |
| α1/° | 13 | 13.00 | -0.0090 |
| IdLH/A | 312 | 311.9 | 0.0039 |
| Uac1/kV | 526 | 526.2 | -0.036 |
| UdN/kV | 0 | 0.04860 | -0.065 |
| α2/° | 15 | 14.99 | 0.031 |
| Uac2/kV | 526 | 527.0 | -0.19 |
| IdLN/A | 312 | 311.4 | 0.019 |
| tcp1 | 8 | — | — |
| tcp2 | 9 | — | — |
The measurement roll names in the tables 1 and 2 are consistent with the positioning method of the measurement hidden trouble. From Table 1, U can be seendHThe state estimate and the measured value after being higher by 1% are different in degree, but U is differentdHThe percentage of state estimation and measured value deviation is maximum, and considering that the mutual inductor used by the actual direct current engineering measuring point has an error allowable range of about 0.2%, the U in the table 1 can be basically determineddHHidden danger exists in the measurement point. From Table 2, U can be seendMThe state estimation value and the measured value after being higher by 1% also have different degrees of deviation, but UdMThe maximum percentage of state estimate and measurement deviation, substantially determines U in Table 2dMHidden danger exists in the measurement point.
The method carries out state estimation on the conventional direct current steady state operation condition, and judges the measuring point where the hidden danger occurs according to the deviation of the estimated value and the measured value. According to the state estimation characteristics, the limitation of the method is analyzed, and an engineering optimization method is provided for improving the accuracy of hidden danger judgment. And finally, the effectiveness of the method provided by the invention is verified by combining a plurality of actual engineering cases. In a physical in-loop simulation test, the potential hazard measuring point position with the highest possibility is provided by the potential hazard measuring positioning method. Analysis and simulation tests show that the method provided by the invention can accurately position the measuring point where the potential measurement hazard of the direct current system is located, and has practical value.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for positioning hidden trouble in measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a measurement equation for each measuring point of the direct current system, and carrying out state estimation on each measured value;
determining a measuring point where hidden danger occurs according to the deviation of the estimated value and the measured value;
in order to further reduce the influence of various conditions on screening of potential hazard measuring points, the measuring points with the largest state estimation values and the largest deviation percentages of the measured values are focused to screen the measuring points which are most likely to have the potential hazards from the measuring points with the deviation of the plurality of estimation values and the plurality of measured values as much as possible; and comparing the state estimation result of the other pole or the state estimation result of the equipment just in operation, and focusing on the measuring point with the maximum deviation change.
2. The method for positioning hidden measurement trouble according to claim 1, wherein a measurement equation is constructed for each measurement point of the direct current system, and a state estimation is performed on each measurement value, specifically comprising the following steps:
given a general conventional dc operation mode, a main wiring, a primary main device and a measurement system, the nonlinear measurement equation can be expressed as:
z＝f(x)+v (1)
wherein z is a measurement vector, x is a state estimation vector, f (x) is a non-linear vector function of x, and v is a residual vector; for general conventional extra-high voltage direct current engineering, z, x, f (x) and v can be selected according to the formula (2):
(2) in the formula of UdLIs a DC line voltage, UdMIs the high and low valve midpoint voltage, alpha1For high valve firing angle, IdLHFor direct line current, Uac1Effective value, U, of the line voltage of the AC system measured for a high valvedNIs a neutral bus voltage, α2At a low valve firing angle, Uac2Effective value of line voltage of AC system, I, measured for low valvedLNIs the neutral bus current; z (U)dL)、z(UdM)、z(α1)、z(IdLH)、z(Uac1)、z(UdN)、z(α2)、z(Uac2)、z(IdLN) For the measured values of the individual measuring points, pu (U)dL)、pu(UdM)、pu(α1)、pu(IdLH)、pu(Uac1)、pu(UdN)、pu(α2)、pu(Uac2)、pu(IdLN) Rated values for each measuring point; (2) in the formula of Uvc1、Uvc2Voltage, X, of no-load line on valve side of high-low valve converter transformerr2For commutation reactance, the calculation is as follows:
(3) formula (4) wherein UvcFor the secondary side rated phase voltage, t, of the converter transformerkFor commutation shift step differences, tcp1、tcp2The converter transformer tap positions are respectively a high valve and a low valve, S is a single converter variable capacity, UkThe circuit voltage percentage is reduced for commutation; it is noted that X isr2The converter transformer leakage reactance and the anode reactance are included, and the anode reactance is considered to be smaller than the converter transformer leakage reactance and has stronger nonlinearity, so that the anode reactor is ignored in the formula (5); in addition, when the converter gear changes, the percentage of the short-circuit voltage also changes slightly, (5) the formula also ignores the change; in addition, the gear of the converter transformer tap in the formulas (3) and (4) is also a measured value, but the gear is considered to be only an integer, the gear is often expressed and transmitted in a BCD code form in the actual direct current engineering, the problem of measurement deviation generally does not exist, and once the converter transformer tap is stuck or fails, the converter transformer body is often subjected to protection action or alarm, and the default tap gear has no error and is an accurate value;
after the measurement vector is given, a state estimation vector x is obtained to enable a target function to be minimum; the objective function is as follows:
J(x)＝[z-f(x)]TR-1[z-f(x)] (5)
(5) in the formula, R-1Is a weight matrix; considering that the precision of the direct current field measuring devices is similar, R-1Optionally a unit diagonal matrix I.
3. The method for positioning hidden danger during measurement according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the measurement point where the hidden danger occurs according to the deviation between the estimated value and the measured value specifically comprises the following steps:
after the x vector is obtained, selecting a measuring point of which the difference between the measurement value and the state estimation value exceeds the error range of the measuring equipment, and judging that the measuring point equipment has hidden danger; the measurement and state estimation bias can be calculated according to equation (6):
(6) in the formula,. DELTA.mAs a percentage of deviation between the m-th measured value and the state estimate, zmIs the m-th measured value, xmIs the state estimate of the m-th measurement, z1p.u.The rating for the mth measurement.
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