CN112666059A - Method for determining gas-water relative permeability of porous medium in gas hydrate decomposition process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the relative permeability of porous medium gas and water in the decomposition process of a gas hydrate. The invention combines a microscopic visualization method and a multiphase lattice boltzmann method, and realizes the determination of the hydrate distribution and the gas-water relative permeability in the glass etching model in the gas hydrate decomposition process. The method can effectively measure and determine the hydrate saturation, the hydrate distribution and the gas-water relative permeability in the porous medium in the pore range, has strong practicability, is favorable for improving and researching an analysis method of the influence of the gas hydrate on the physical properties of the reservoir, and provides a reliable technical method for the physical properties of the reservoir in the natural gas hydrate development process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining gas-water relative permeability of a porous medium in a gas hydrate decomposition process, and belongs to the technical field of measurement of basic physical properties of unconventional oil and gas reservoir engineering and geotechnical engineering.
Background
Because of large energy density, abundant reserves, cleanness and environmental protection, the natural gas hydrate has attracted high attention of many countries and regions in the world as an energy source with great development prospect in the century, but the economic and effective development of the natural gas hydrate reservoir is difficult. Hydrates exist in pores as a solid, and the distribution of the hydrates in a porous medium can seriously affect the seepage characteristics of multiphase flow. The gas-water relative permeability is of great concern as an important parameter for representing the seepage characteristic of the multi-phase flow of the porous medium.
A large number of researches show that the distribution characteristics of the hydrate seriously affect the seepage characteristics of the hydrate, while the conventional test experiment cannot acquire the distribution of the hydrate in pores, and meanwhile, the conventional phase permeation test method cannot be applied to the research of a hydrate reservoir because the problem of regeneration or decomposition of the hydrate in the pores cannot be avoided in the conventional phase permeation test process. Therefore, a determination method of the gas-water relative permeability of the porous medium in the gas hydrate decomposition process is established by combining a microscopic visualization method and a multiphase lattice boltzmann method and considering the microscopic distribution of the hydrate in pores.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the gas-water relative permeability of a porous medium in the gas hydrate decomposition process based on a microscopic visualization method and a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method. The invention can effectively measure and determine the hydrate saturation, the hydrate distribution and the gas-water relative permeability in the porous medium in the pore range.
The method for determining the gas-water relative permeability of the porous medium in the gas hydrate decomposition process comprises a hydrate generation and decomposition stage in a glass etching model, a hydrate saturation and hydrate distribution determination stage based on image processing and a gas-water relative permeability determination stage based on a multiphase flow lattice Boltzmann method.
The generation and decomposition stage of hydrate in the glass etching model further comprises the following steps:
step 1: loading the glass etching model into related matched equipment;
step 2: developing a gas hydrate generation experiment in a glass etching model;
and step 3: developing a gas hydrate decomposition experiment in a glass etching model;
and 4, step 4: and obtaining glass etching model images at different moments in the gas hydrate decomposition process through a microscope, and determining the distribution of the hydrate in the pores of the glass etching model.
The related matched equipment can ensure that the pores of the glass etching model reach the high-pressure low-temperature condition of hydrate generation, can ensure that external gas and water are injected into the glass etching model, and can observe the material change in the pores of the glass etching model in real time through a microscope.
The step of determining the hydrate saturation and hydrate distribution stage further based on image processing comprises:
step 1: image segmentation, namely selecting a region of interest (ROI) from the image, selecting original pores (containing hydrates) and hydrates from the ROI, further determining the distribution positions of the hydrates in the pores, respectively counting the total number of image pixel points occupied by the original pores and the hydrates in the RIO, calculating the saturation of the hydrates,
hydrate saturation measurement calculation formula EQ 1:
in the formula, ShIs the saturation of hydrate, NhIs the total number of pixels of the image occupied by hydrates in the ROI, Np0The total number of the image pixel points occupied by the pores in the ROI;
step 2: image data conversion, converting ROI image into m-row n-column matrix (a)ij)m×nStoring, i and j are used for positioning the positions of image pixel pointsIf the position ij of the pixel point is glass, aijSet to 1, if the hydrate is at the position ij of the pixel point, aijIs set to 2, a at the remaining positionsijSet to 0, wherein,
m is the total number of pixel points in the length direction of the ROI image, and n is the total number of pixel points in the width direction of the ROI image, wherein the length direction of the ROI image is the fluid flow direction.
The step of the gas-water relative permeability determination phase further based on the multiphase lattice boltzmann method comprises the following steps:
step 1: will matrix (a)ij)m×nImporting a multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, setting water saturation, wherein the value range is 0-100%, the value number is M, acquiring fluid velocity distribution under different water saturation,
definition of water saturation formula EQ 2:
in the formula, SwIs the water saturation, NwIs the total number of water phase nodes, N, in the multi-phase lattice Boltzmann modelpThe total number of pore nodes in the multiphase lattice Boltzmann model is shown;
step 2: calculating the saturation of the hydrate as ShRelative permeability of water and gas.
Further calculating the saturation degree of the hydrate to be ShThe steps of the relative permeability of gas and water include:
step 1: according to the fluid velocity distribution, calculating the saturation degree of the hydrate to be S by using a flow calculation formula EQ3hThe water phase flow at a water saturation of 100% and the gas phase flow at a gas saturation of 100%.
Flow calculation formula EQ 3:
in the formula, QfIs the flow rate of the fluid and is,g denotes the gas phase, w denotes the aqueous phase, u denotesxfThe velocity of the grid in the x direction, δxAnd deltayLength of the grid in x and y directions, L, respectivelyxThe length of the porous medium model in the flow direction.
Step 2: according to the fluid velocity distribution, calculating the saturation degree of the hydrate to be S by using a flow calculation formula EQ3hWater phase flow and gas phase flow at different fluid saturations.
And step 3: calculating the relative permeability under different fluid saturation degrees according to a gas-water relative permeability calculation formula EQ4,
the gas-water relative permeability calculation formula EQ 4:
in the formula, krfIs the relative permeability, Q, of the fluid ff(Sh,Sf) Is that the hydrate saturation is ShAnd the fluid f has a saturation of ShFlow rate of time, Qf(Sh,Sf100%) as hydrate saturation ShAnd the saturation of the fluid f is 100%.
By means of the micro visualization method and the multiphase lattice boltzmann method, the saturation degree of the hydrate in the porous medium, the distribution of the hydrate and the relative permeability of gas and water can be effectively determined in real time, compared with the high difficulty and inaccuracy of a conventional experiment, the method combines the micro experiment simulation and the micro calculation simulation, considers the distribution of the hydrate in the pores of the porous medium, and can more effectively describe the change rule of the relative permeability of the gas and the water in the gas hydrate decomposition process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining gas-water relative permeability of a porous medium in a gas hydrate decomposition process.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrate generating and decomposing apparatus according to an embodiment of the method for determining gas-water relative permeability of porous medium in gas hydrate decomposition process
In the figure 2, 1 is a high-pressure liquid injection pump, 2-1 is a first high-pressure piston container, 2-2 is a second high-pressure piston container, 3 is a confining pressure tracking pump, 4 is a circulating refrigerator, 5 is a microscope, 6 is a glass etching model, 7 is a back pressure control pump, 8-1 is a first pressure sensor, 8-2 is a second pressure sensor, 9 is a temperature sensor, 10-1 is a first valve, 10-2 is a second valve, 11 is a back pressure valve, 12 is a computer, and 13 is a reaction kettle body.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for determining gas-water relative permeability of a porous medium in a gas hydrate decomposition process is shown, and the flow chart of the method for determining gas-water relative permeability of a porous medium in a gas hydrate decomposition process of the present invention includes: the method comprises a hydrate generation and decomposition stage in a glass etching model, a hydrate saturation and hydrate distribution determination stage based on image processing and a gas-water relative permeability determination stage based on a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrate generating and decomposing apparatus of an embodiment of a method for determining gas-water relative permeability of a porous medium in a gas hydrate decomposition process. The example device structure mainly includes: the device comprises a high-pressure liquid injection pump 1, a first high-pressure piston container 2-1, a second high-pressure piston container 2-2, a confining pressure tracking pump 3, a circulating refrigerator 4, a microscope 5, a glass etching model 6, a back pressure control pump 7, a first pressure sensor 8-1, a second pressure sensor 8-2, a temperature sensor 9, a first valve 10-1, a second valve 10-2, a back pressure valve 11, a computer 12 and a reaction kettle body 13. The device can ensure that the glass etching model 6 is in a high-pressure low-temperature environment and is used for generating and decomposing gas hydrate.
The following is a description of specific implementation steps of a method for determining the relative permeability of gas and water of a porous medium in the decomposition process of a gas hydrate:
step S101, generation and decomposition of hydrate in the glass etching model:
step 1: controlling the temperature in the reaction kettle body 13 to be at the hydrate generation temperature by using the circulating refrigerator 4, and measuring the temperature in the reaction kettle body 13 by using the temperature sensor 9;
step 2: controlling the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the glass etching model to be 1.5MPa by using a confining pressure tracking pump 3 to prevent the glass from being broken;
and step 3: opening the first valve 10-1 and the second valve 10-2, setting the pressure of the back pressure valve 11 to be atmospheric pressure through the back pressure control pump 7, and slowly injecting the distilled water in the first high-pressure piston container 2-1 into the glass etching model through controlling the high-pressure liquid injection pump 1 until the pores of the glass etching model are completely saturated with water;
and 4, step 4: opening a first valve 10-1, closing a second valve 10-2, slowly injecting distilled water in a first high-pressure piston container 2-1 into a glass etching model by controlling a high-pressure liquid injection pump 1, increasing the pore pressure in the glass etching model to hydrate generation pressure, and detecting the pore pressure in the glass etching model by a first pressure sensor 8-1 and a second pressure sensor 8-2;
and 5: the pressure of a back pressure valve 11 is set to be hydrate generation pressure through a back pressure control pump 7, a first valve 10-1 and a second valve 10-2 are opened, gas in a second high-pressure piston container 2-2 is slowly injected into a glass etching model through controlling a high-pressure liquid injection pump 1, when the gas content in the glass etching model is moderate, the first valve 10-1 and the second valve 10-2 are closed, a hydrate generation experiment is started, and the pressure values of a first pressure sensor 8-1 and a second pressure sensor 8-2 and images obtained by a microscope 5 are recorded in real time through a computer 12.
Step 6: after the generation of the hydrate is finished, the second valve 10-2 is opened, the back pressure control pump 7 controls the back pressure valve 11 to reduce the pressure of the pore space in the glass etching model 6 to decompose the gas hydrate therein, or the first valve 10-1 and the second valve 10-2 are closed, and the temperature around the glass etching model 6 is increased through the circulating refrigerator 4 to decompose the gas hydrate therein. During the decomposition, the images acquired by the microscope 5 are recorded in real time by the computer 12.
Step S102, determining the hydrate saturation and the hydrate distribution based on image processing:
step 1: selecting a region of interest (ROI) from an image acquired by a microscope 5, selecting original pores (containing hydrates) and hydrates from the ROI, further determining the distribution positions of the hydrates in the pores, respectively counting the total number of image pixel points occupied by the original pores and the hydrates in the RIO, calculating the saturation of the hydrates,
hydrate saturation measurement calculation formula EQ 1:
in the formula, ShIs the saturation of hydrate, NhIs the total number of pixels of the image occupied by hydrates in the ROI, Np0The total number of the image pixel points occupied by the pores in the ROI;
step 2: converting ROI image into m-row n-column matrix (a)ij)m×nStoring, i and j are used for positioning the positions of the image pixel points, if the position ij of the pixel point is glass, a isijSet to 1, if the hydrate is at the position ij of the pixel point, aijIs set to 2, a at the remaining positionsijSet to 0, wherein,
m is the total number of pixel points in the length direction of the ROI image, and n is the total number of pixel points in the width direction of the ROI image, wherein the length direction of the ROI image is the fluid flow direction.
S103, determining gas-water relative permeability based on a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method:
step 1: will matrix (a)ij)m×nImporting a multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, setting water saturation, wherein the value range is 0-100%, the value number is M, acquiring fluid velocity distribution under different water saturation,
definition of water saturation formula EQ 2:
in the formula, SwIs the water saturation, NwFor water phase nodes in a multiphase lattice Boltzmann modelTotal number of (2), NpThe total number of pore nodes in the multiphase lattice Boltzmann model is shown;
and step 3: calculating the saturation of the hydrate as ShRelative permeability of gas and water:
step 3-1: according to the fluid velocity distribution, calculating the saturation degree of the hydrate to be S by using a flow calculation formula EQ3hThe water phase flow at a water saturation of 100% and the gas phase flow at a gas saturation of 100%.
Flow calculation formula EQ 3:
in the formula, QfThe flow rate of the fluid is f ═ g or w, g represents a gas phase, w represents an aqueous phase, u represents a water phasexfThe velocity of the grid in the x direction, δxAnd deltayLength of the grid in x and y directions, L, respectivelyxThe length of the porous medium model in the flow direction.
Step 3-2: according to the fluid velocity distribution, calculating the saturation degree of the hydrate to be S by using a flow calculation formula EQ3hWater phase flow and gas phase flow at different fluid saturations.
Step 3-3: calculating relative permeability under different fluid saturation according to a gas-water relative permeability calculation formula EQ4, wherein the gas-water relative permeability calculation formula EQ 4:
in the formula, krfIs the relative permeability, Q, of the fluid ff(Sh,Sf) Is that the hydrate saturation is ShAnd the fluid f has a saturation of ShFlow rate of time, Qf(Sh,Sf100%) as hydrate saturation ShAnd the saturation of the fluid f is 100%.
Claims (6)
1. The method for determining the gas-water relative permeability of the porous medium in the gas hydrate decomposition process is characterized by comprising a hydrate generation and decomposition stage in a glass etching model, a hydrate saturation and hydrate distribution determination stage based on image processing and a gas-water relative permeability determination stage based on a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method. The method can determine the hydrate saturation, the hydrate distribution and the gas-water relative permeability while generating and decomposing the gas hydrate in the glass etching model.
2. The method for determining the gas-water relative permeability of the porous medium in the gas hydrate decomposition process according to claim 1, wherein the step of the hydrate generation and decomposition stage in the glass etching model comprises the following steps:
step 1-1: loading the glass etching model into related matched equipment;
step 1-2: developing a gas hydrate generation experiment in a glass etching model;
step 1-3: developing a gas hydrate decomposition experiment in a glass etching model;
step 1-4: and obtaining glass etching model images at different moments in the gas hydrate decomposition process through a microscope, and determining the distribution of the hydrate in the pores of the glass etching model.
3. The generation and decomposition stage of hydrates in a glass etching model according to claim 2, wherein the relevant corollary equipment can ensure that the pores of the glass etching model reach the high-pressure low-temperature condition for generating hydrates, can ensure that external gas and water are injected into the glass etching model, and can observe the changes of substances in the pores of the glass etching model in real time through a microscope.
4. The method for determining the gas-water relative permeability of the porous medium in the gas hydrate decomposition process according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the hydrate saturation and the hydrate distribution based on the image processing comprises the following steps:
step 2-1: image segmentation, namely selecting a region of interest (ROI) from the image, selecting original pores (containing hydrates) and hydrates from the ROI, further determining the distribution positions of the hydrates in the pores, respectively counting the total number of image pixel points occupied by the original pores and the hydrates in the RIO, and determining the hydrate saturation by using a hydrate saturation measurement calculation formula (EQ1), wherein,
the hydrate saturation measurement calculation formula (EQ1) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Shis the saturation of hydrate, NhIs the total number of pixels of the image occupied by hydrates in the ROI, Np0The total number of the image pixel points occupied by the pores in the ROI;
step 2-2: image data conversion, converting ROI image into m-row n-column matrix (a)ij)m×nStoring, i and j are used for positioning the positions of the image pixel points, if the position ij of the pixel point is glass, a isijSet to 1, if the hydrate is at the position ij of the pixel point, aijIs set to 2, a at the remaining positionsijSet to 0, wherein,
m is the total number of pixel points in the length direction of the ROI image, n is the total number of pixel points in the width direction of the ROI image, wherein,
the ROI image length direction is the fluid flow direction.
5. The method for determining the gas-water relative permeability of the porous medium in the gas hydrate decomposition process according to claim 1, wherein the step of the gas-water relative permeability determination stage based on the multiphase lattice boltzmann method comprises the following steps of:
step 3-1: applying the matrix (a) of claim 4ij)m×nImporting a multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, setting water saturation, wherein the range of values is 0-100%, the number of values is M, acquiring fluid velocity distribution under different water saturation, wherein,
the water saturation is defined by the formula (EQ2) as follows:
wherein S iswIs the water saturation, NwIs the total number of water phase nodes, N, in the multi-phase lattice Boltzmann modelpThe total number of pore nodes in the multiphase lattice Boltzmann model is shown;
step 3-2: calculating the saturation of the hydrate as ShRelative permeability of water and gas.
6. The phase of determination of gas-water relative permeability based on the multiphase lattice boltzmann method according to claim 5, wherein said calculation of hydrate saturation is ShThe steps of the relative permeability of gas and water include:
step 4-1: the fluid velocity profile of step 3-1 of claim 5, wherein the hydrate saturation is calculated as S using the flow calculation equation (EQ3)hThe water phase flow at a water saturation of 100% and the gas phase flow at a gas saturation of 100%.
The flow calculation equation (EQ3) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Qfthe flow rate of the fluid is f ═ g or w, g represents a gas phase, w represents an aqueous phase, u represents a water phasexfThe velocity of the grid in the x direction, δxAnd deltayLength of the grid in x and y directions, L, respectivelyxThe length of the porous medium model in the flow direction.
Step 4-2: the fluid velocity profile of step 3-1 of claim 5, wherein the hydrate saturation is calculated as S using the flow calculation equation (EQ3)hWater phase flow at different fluid saturations andgas phase flow rate.
Step 4-3: and calculating the relative permeability under different fluid saturation degrees according to a gas-water relative permeability calculation formula (EQ4), wherein,
the gas-water relative permeability calculation formula (EQ4) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
krfis the relative permeability, Q, of the fluid ff(Sh,Sf) Is that the hydrate saturation is ShAnd the fluid f has a saturation of ShFlow rate of time, Qf(Sh,Sf100%) as hydrate saturation ShAnd the saturation of the fluid f is 100%.
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