CN112665874B - Loading device for vehicle quasi-static test, test method and test data correction method - Google Patents
Loading device for vehicle quasi-static test, test method and test data correction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112665874B CN112665874B CN202011496187.0A CN202011496187A CN112665874B CN 112665874 B CN112665874 B CN 112665874B CN 202011496187 A CN202011496187 A CN 202011496187A CN 112665874 B CN112665874 B CN 112665874B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a loading device, a test method and a test data correction method for a vehicle quasi-static test, wherein the loading device comprises: the hydraulic loading system comprises a bearing system, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a loading control system, wherein the hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged on the bearing system and is connected with the loading control system; the relative position of the bearing system and the hydraulic oil cylinder is adjustable, and longitudinal, transverse and vertical adjustment is realized through the matching of holes among all components, so that the bearing system is suitable for various test working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle test equipment, and particularly relates to a loading device, a test method and a test data correction method for a vehicle quasi-static test.
Background
With the improvement of the safety requirement of the rail vehicle structure, higher design requirements are provided for the rail vehicle body structure. The quasi-static compression test is an effective means and method for evaluating the crushing energy absorption characteristic of a vehicle body structure and researching the crushing force transmission rule of the whole vehicle. However, the rail vehicle has various structural forms, the energy absorption structure design schemes of different vehicle types are different, and meanwhile, the vehicle body structure evaluation standards of various countries are different. The quasi-static compression test has various test working condition requirements for different vehicle body structures and different evaluation standards, and mainly reflects different test loading positions and loading modes. Therefore, in order to improve the wide applicability of the quasi-static test platform, the test loading device should be capable of realizing the rapid adjustment of the loading position and the flexible conversion of the control mode so as to meet the requirements of different quasi-static test working conditions.
At present, a rail vehicle quasi-static compression test platform used by American related research institutions adopts a full-size rigid frame loading device, and at most 4 hydraulic cylinders can be loaded at fixed points simultaneously. This device is however too bulky and costly; the position of the hydraulic cylinder is difficult to adjust, and the requirements of different test working conditions cannot be met; and the difficulty of controlling the simultaneous loading of 4 hydraulic cylinders is too large, and the precision of the test result is not ideal. Patent No. 201820751421.1 describes a quasi-static compression test loading device based on a vehicle body strength test bed. The device adopts closed frame construction equally, and is the loading of 2 pneumatic cylinders fixed points, but equally can't satisfy the experimental operating mode demand of different loading positions.
Above-mentioned two kinds of schemes all adopt frame-type loading structure, and this makes loading device bulky, takes up an area of many to can't be applicable to the quasi-static compression test of widget, subassembly, simultaneously, the rigidity of loading pneumatic cylinder is difficult to the adjustment, and does not possess the suitability under the multiple experimental operating mode. On the other hand, in order to meet the requirement of test precision, the device is designed with a bearing structure with very high rigidity and strength, so that the deformation and displacement of the device per se in the test process are ensured to be as small as possible, and the test result of the test is not influenced. This makes the manufacture of such devices very expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, a loading hydraulic cylinder of a quasi-static test loading device is fixed in position, is difficult to adjust and cannot adapt to various test working conditions, and further provides a vehicle quasi-static test loading device with an adjustable loading hydraulic cylinder.
The invention provides a loading device for a vehicle quasi-static test, which comprises: the hydraulic loading system comprises a bearing system, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a loading control system, wherein the hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged on the bearing system and is connected with the loading control system;
the relative positions of the bearing system and the hydraulic oil cylinder are adjustable.
The loading device is designed to be movable, so that the requirements of different test working conditions can be met, and one of the difficulties of the conventional loading device is overcome. The adjusting direction is not limited to any combination of vertical direction, longitudinal direction and transverse direction.
Optionally, a bearing base and pile foundations positioned on two sides of the bearing base are arranged in the bearing system, and the bearing base is used for bearing a hydraulic oil cylinder;
the pile foundation comprises a pile foundation base plate and a pile foundation ribbed plate, and the two sides of the pile foundation ribbed plate and the bearing base are both provided with holes along the length direction;
and adjusting the longitudinal position by utilizing staggered fastening of the pile foundation base plate and the holes on the bearing base.
Optionally, a bottom plate and a main bearing box are arranged in the bearing system, the main bearing box is located on the bottom plate, one end of the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on the main bearing box, and a vertical screw rod adjusting device is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the bottom plate;
a transverse pressing plate is arranged on the bottom plate corresponding to the edge positions of the main bearing box and the vertical screw rod adjusting device, an opening is transversely formed in the transverse pressing plate, the edges of the main bearing box and the vertical screw rod adjusting device are embedded into a gap between the transverse pressing plate and the bottom plate, and an opening is transversely formed in the edge;
and the adjustment of the transverse position is realized by utilizing the staggered fastening of the transverse pressing plate, the main bearing box and the opening on the edge of the vertical screw rod adjusting device.
Optionally, vertical pressing plates are arranged on two side edges of the end surface of the main bearing box connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder, and the end edge of the hydraulic oil cylinder is embedded into a gap between the vertical pressing plate and the end surface of the main bearing box;
and the end edge of the hydraulic oil cylinder and the vertical pressing plate are both provided with holes along the height direction, and the adjustment of the vertical position is realized by utilizing the staggered fastening of the holes and the height adjustment of the vertical screw rod adjusting device.
Optionally, when the bearing system is applied to a transverse loading quasi-static compression test, a stop mechanism and a transfer pressure head are arranged in the bearing system;
the switching pressure head is arranged at the force application end of the hydraulic oil cylinder and comprises a stress plate, a driving connecting rod, a driven connecting rod and pressure heads which are sequentially connected, wherein the driving connecting rod and the driven connecting rod are in a scissor-crossing shape, and the pressure heads are positioned at two sides of the test part;
the stop mechanism comprises a stop spring, a baffle, a support rib plate and a baffle base, wherein the stop spring is arranged between the stress plate and the baffle, the baffle base is fixed, the baffle is fixed on the baffle base, and the support rib plate is used for supporting the baffle.
The loading device can be applied to conventional tests of longitudinal compression working conditions, and longitudinal movement and longitudinal force are converted into transverse movement and transverse force through the switching pressure head and the stop mechanism, so that the pressure head is applied to a test vehicle body, and the test of the transverse compression working conditions of the side beam of the vehicle body is realized. And the original loading device is not structurally changed in the test process.
Optionally, the device further comprises a deformation deviation detecting element, wherein the deformation deviation detecting element comprises a vertical displacement detecting element and a longitudinal displacement detecting element;
the longitudinal displacement detection element is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the ground, is fixed on the vertical measurement support and is used for measuring the longitudinal displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measurement support;
the vertical displacement detection element is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the ground, is fixed on the base of the measurement support and is used for measuring the vertical displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measurement support.
The invention provides a test method based on a loading device, which comprises the following steps:
determining a loading position according to the size of a test object and a test working condition;
carrying out safety accounting evaluation;
mounting a test element and a loading device, and adjusting and fixing based on the determined loading position;
and starting a loading control system for testing.
The invention provides a test data correction method based on a loading device, and if the test data comprises the crushing displacement, the test data correction method comprises the following steps:
measuring the longitudinal displacement between a hydraulic oil cylinder support and a measuring bracket by using a longitudinal displacement detection element, and calculating the deviation based on the theoretical longitudinal position to obtain a longitudinal displacement deviation value delta epsilon;
the longitudinal displacement detection element is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the ground, is fixed on the vertical measurement support and is used for measuring the longitudinal displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measurement support;
and correcting the crushing displacement measurement value based on the longitudinal displacement deviation value delta epsilon as follows:
S＝S'-Δε
wherein S is the true crush displacement and S' is the crush displacement measurement.
In the whole vehicle quasi-static test with large crushing force level, the deformation and displacement of the device can still inevitably affect the test precision. Most of the existing test data correction technologies estimate, calculate and correct the deviation generated by the test data from the aspects of mathematics and test theory, and do not measure and correct the error caused by a test device.
Optionally, if the test data includes a crushing force, the test data modification method includes the steps of:
measuring the vertical displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measuring support by using the vertical displacement detecting element, and obtaining a vertical displacement deviation value based on a theoretical vertical position;
and correcting the measured value of the crushing force based on the vertical displacement deviation value as follows:
wherein F is the modified crushing force, F' is the crushing force measurement, Δ h is the vertical position deviation, and S is the true crushing displacement.
Advantageous effects
1. The loading device provided by the invention can realize horizontal, longitudinal and vertical stepless adjustment, can adapt to various working conditions, can adjust the loading position according to the size of a test element and the requirements of the working conditions, and can greatly improve the test effect and save the test cost.
2. According to the test data correction method based on the loading device, the problem that deformation and displacement of the device inevitably affect test precision in a whole vehicle quasi-static test with a large crushing force level is considered, and analysis is carried out from a deformation source, so that errors and influences caused by deformation are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a loading device, wherein, (a) is an axial side view, (b) is a top view, (c) is a side view, and (d) is a front view.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a load-bearing base.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the base plate and superstructure.
FIG. 4 is a working scenario of a horizontal loading quasi-static compression test of a whole vehicle.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the stop mechanism.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of deformation, wherein a is a schematic diagram of longitudinal displacement before testing, b is a schematic diagram of longitudinal displacement after testing, and c is a schematic diagram of the front end stress of the hydraulic cylinder;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of mounting of the deformation deviation detecting element.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1.1-foundation pile; 1.1.1-anchor bolt hole site; 1.1.2-longitudinally adjusting the hole position of the bolt; 1.2-a load-bearing base; 1.2.1-side plate; 1.2.2-front box beam; 1.2.3-rear diagonal bracing rib plate; 1.2.4-rear i-beam; 1.2.5-rear box beam; 1.2.6-front diagonal rib plate; 1.2.7-front endplate; 1.2.8-front i-beam; 1.3-a hydraulic oil cylinder; 1.4-a bottom plate; 1.4.1-threaded hole; 1.5-main load box; 1.6-loading the control system; 1.7-a main bearing box transverse adjusting pressure plate, and 1.7.2-a main bearing box rear transverse adjusting pressure plate; 1.7.1-transversely adjusting the pressure plate in front of the main bearing box; 1.8-transversely adjusting a pressing plate by a hydraulic oil cylinder; 1.8.1-transversely adjusting the pressing plate in front of the hydraulic oil cylinder; 1.8.2-transversely adjusting the pressing plate behind the hydraulic oil cylinder; 1.9-vertical screw rod adjusting device; 1.10-vertical pressing plate;
9.1-stress plate; 9.2-active link; 9.3-driven link; 9.4-pressure head; 9.5-hinge; 10-stop mechanism, 10.1-stop spring; 10.2-baffles; 10.3-main bracing behind the baffle; 10.4-baffle back auxiliary diagonal bracing; 10.5-stop mechanism base; 10.6-baffle forward slope; 11.1-oil cylinder support; 11.2-longitudinal displacement measuring device; 11.3-a vertical displacement measuring device; 11.4-measuring the holder;
Detailed Description
The invention provides a loading device for a vehicle quasi-static test, which can be applied to a quasi-static compression test of a rail vehicle component or a whole vehicle, wherein the loading position of the loading device is adjustable.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 (a) - (d), the loading device for the vehicle quasi-static test comprises a bearing system, a hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 and a loading control system 1.6, wherein the bearing system is used for bearing the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 and is matched with the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 to realize adjustment of a loading position; the loading control system 1.6 is connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 and is used for controlling the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 to apply corresponding acting force to the whole test vehicle or part.
In this embodiment, the bearing system includes bearing base 1.2, 2 pile foundations 1.1, bottom plate 1.4, main bearing box 1.5 and vertical lead screw adjusting device 1.9.
As shown in fig. 2, the load-bearing base 1.2 is composed of a box beam, an i-beam, and an inclined strut rib plate, and specifically includes: front box beam 1.2.2, rear diagonal rib plate 1.2.3, rear i-beam 1.2.4, rear box beam 1.2.5, front diagonal rib plate 1.2.6, front end plate 1.2.7, and front i-beam 1.2.8. The whole layout is in a 'meter' grid structure. When bearing the longitudinal force, can form many biography power passageways, make structure stress everywhere even, stress concentration phenomenon can be fine avoids appearing. Two rows of holes are longitudinally distributed on two side edges 1.2.1 of the bearing base 1.2, and can be matched and connected with the pile foundation rib plate through bolts.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 pile foundations 1.1 are respectively disposed on two sides of a bearing base 1.2, and the main structure of the pile foundations is in an i-beam form. Pile foundation 1.1 includes pile foundation bottom plate and pile foundation floor, is equipped with two rows of trompils (rag bolt hole site 1.1.1) along vertically on the pile foundation bottom plate, and then utilizes this trompil and rag bolt to fix the pile foundation bottom plate subaerial. Two rows of holes (longitudinal adjusting bolt hole positions 1.1.2) are uniformly distributed on the pile foundation rib plate along the longitudinal direction, and the adjustment of the longitudinal position can be realized by utilizing the dislocation fastening of the pile foundation rib plate and the holes on the two side edges of the bearing base 1.2. Wherein, confirm the vertical relative position of bearing base 1.2 and pile foundation floor according to the demand of longitudinal position, and then utilize fastening bolt to pass the trompil and will bear base 1.2 and pile foundation floor fixed.
The bottom plate 1.4 completely covers the bearing base 1.2, is welded together through the edges of the adjacent contact surfaces, and forms an integrated structure with the bearing base 1.2. A main bearing box 1.5 is arranged on the base plate 1.4, one end of a hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 is fixed on the main bearing box 1.5, and a vertical screw rod adjusting device 1.9 is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 and the base plate 1.4.
As shown in fig. 1 (a) and (b) and fig. 3, a transverse pressing plate is arranged on the bottom plate 1.4 at a position corresponding to the edges of the main bearing box 1.5 and the vertical screw rod adjusting device 1.9, a through hole is transversely arranged on the transverse pressing plate, the edges of the main bearing box 1.5 and the vertical screw rod adjusting device 1.9 are embedded into a gap between the transverse pressing plate and the bottom plate 1.4, and a through hole is transversely arranged on the edges. Specifically, two main bearing box transverse adjusting pressing plates 1.7 are arranged on the bottom plate 1.4 corresponding to the main bearing box 1.5, and two hydraulic oil cylinder transverse adjusting pressing plates 1.8 are arranged on the bottom plate 1.4 corresponding to the edge of the vertical screw rod adjusting device 1.9. By taking the rear transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.7.2 of the main bearing box in the transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.7 of the main bearing box as an example, a row of through holes are uniformly distributed on the rear transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.7.2 of the main bearing box along the transverse direction, a row of threaded holes 1.4.1 are formed in the corresponding position on the bottom plate 1.4, and through holes are formed in the corresponding edge of the main bearing box. The rear transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.7.2 of the main bearing box and the bottom plate 1.4 are welded together through two contacted sides. When the transverse position of the main bearing box 1.5 is determined, the rear part of the main bearing box 1.5 can be pressed by the fastening force provided by the bolts of the corresponding hole positions. The greater the number of bolts used, the greater the compressive force provided. Therefore, the fastening force of the mechanism can be adjusted by adjusting the number of bolts. After 4 groups of transverse press plates are completely fastened, the connection between the bottom plate 1.4 and the upper structure can be realized.
Vertical pressing plates 1.10 are arranged on two side edges of the end surface of the main bearing box 1.5 connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3, and the edge of the end part of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 is embedded into a gap between the vertical pressing plate 1.10 and the end surface of the main bearing box 1.5; and the end edge of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 and the vertical pressing plate 1.10 are both provided with holes along the height direction, and the adjustment of the vertical position is realized by utilizing the dislocation fastening of the holes and the height adjustment of the vertical screw rod adjusting device 1.9.
Thus, in summary, the longitudinal, lateral and vertical adjustments are briefly described as follows:
longitudinal adjustment: the foundation piles 1.1 and the bearing base 1.2 are connected and fixed through two rows of bolts distributed along the longitudinal direction. The staggered fastening of the longitudinal adjusting bolt hole position 1.1.2 is realized by adjusting the relative position of the bearing base 1.2 and the foundation pile 1.1, namely the adjustment of the longitudinal position can be realized, and the fastening force with different sizes can be provided by using different bolts;
transverse adjustment: the fixing is carried out through the friction force exerted by the main bearing box transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.7 and the hydraulic oil cylinder transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.8. After the relative positions of the main bearing box 1.5 and the bottom plate 1.4 are adjusted to a target position, the main bearing box transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.7 and the hydraulic oil cylinder transverse adjusting pressure plate 1.8 are fastened along bolt hole positions distributed transversely, so that the adjustment of the transverse position can be realized, and fastening forces with different sizes can be provided by using different numbers of bolts;
vertical adjustment: the relative position of hydraulic cylinder 1.3 and main bearing box 1.5 is adjusted through vertical adjusting pressing plate 1.10 of hydraulic cylinder 1.3 rear end and vertical lead screw adjusting device 1.9 of hydraulic cylinder 1.3 front end, and utilize the locking of vertical adjusting pressing plate 1.10 of hydraulic cylinder 1.3 rear end, and fine setting hydraulic cylinder 1.3 vertical lead screw adjusting device 1.9 of front end to accurate level, can realize that the regulation of vertical position uses bolt quantity different, then can provide not equidimension fastening force.
Based on the structure, when the loading device is used for carrying out test loading, the test reaction force is transmitted backwards through the front end of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3, and the load can be uniformly transmitted to the ground through a complete force flow path of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3, the main bearing box 1.5, the bottom plate 1.4, the bearing base 1.2 and the foundation pile 1.1 and the ground. Through calculation, the whole bearing structure can bear 5000kN action counter force without local plastic deformation.
The loading control system 1.6 mainly comprises a driving subsystem and a hydraulic control subsystem and is used for controlling the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 to act. The loading device can realize various loading modes according to the acting force, the speed or the displacement requirement of test loading. The hydraulic control subsystem is mainly composed of a logic control circuit, a hydraulic electromagnetic control valve and an input interaction module. The test operator sends an instruction to the control circuit through the operation panel to control the opening and the closing of the hydraulic electromagnetic control valve and control the flow direction, the flow rate and the pressure of the hydraulic oil. The driving subsystem is used for realizing loading and mainly comprises a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic oil tank, a control valve and oil pipes connected with the control valve. The oil pump enables hydraulic oil to flow in an oil way, and the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 is driven according to instructions under the control of the valve. Since this part of the technical content is conventional technical means, the present invention is not specifically described in this regard.
In the embodiment, the speed adjusting range can reach 0-60mm/min, the control precision can reach +/-0.1 mm/min, the loading requirements of various test working conditions are met, and meanwhile, the automatic/manual/remote operation mode switching function is achieved, so that the safety of the test is ensured.
Based on above-mentioned loading device, can be applicable to multiple operating mode, adjust according to the demand of loading position. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the openings are all arranged in 2 rows, and in other possible embodiments, the technical limitation is not limited thereto.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, on the basis of embodiment 1, in order to make the loading device suitable for the lateral loading quasi-static compression test. The bearing system is provided with a stop mechanism 10 and a switching pressure head;
the switching pressure head sets up the application of force end at hydraulic cylinder 1.3, the switching pressure head is including the atress board 9.1, initiative connecting rod 9.2, driven connecting rod 9.3 and the pressure head 9.4 that connect gradually, and wherein, atress board 9.1 can be connected through bolt fit with hydraulic cylinder 1.3 front end panel, and each part of switching pressure head all is connected through hinge 9.5, can realize free rotation. The driving connecting rod 9.2 and the driven connecting rod 9.3 are in a scissor-crossing shape, and the pressure heads 9.4 are positioned at two sides of the test part;
the stop mechanism 10 comprises a stop spring 10.1, a baffle 10.2, a baffle rear main inclined strut 10.3, a baffle rear auxiliary inclined strut 10.4, a baffle base 10.5 and a baffle front inclined strut 10.6. When the test is carried out, the mechanism is arranged at the front end of a stress plate 9.1 of the switching pressure head, is connected with the ground through a foundation bolt of a baffle base 10.5, and is contacted with the stress plate 9.1 of the switching pressure head through a stop spring 10.1. The entire stop mechanism 10 can ensure sufficient strength and rigidity because of the front and rear inclined struts.
When the stress plate 9.1 of the switching pressure head moves longitudinally along with the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3, the driving connecting rod 9.2, the driven connecting rod 9.3 and the pressure head 9.4 are driven to move due to the limitation of the baffle spring 10.1 and the baffle 10.2 of the stop mechanism 10, so that the longitudinal movement and the longitudinal force are converted into transverse movement and transverse force, and the transverse movement and the transverse force are applied to a test vehicle body through the pressure head 9.4.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, in consideration of the fact that an ideal state that the loading device is not deformed at all in the actual test process is impossible, in order to fully observe the influence of deformation which can occur to the loading device on test data, the loading device is additionally provided with a deformation deviation detection element, wherein the deformation deviation detection element comprises a vertical displacement detection element and a longitudinal displacement detection element which are respectively used for correcting crushing displacement and crushing force.
1. And (3) correcting crushing displacement: the displacement change of each part structure during the test loading is shown in fig. 6. Ideally, the loading device remains absolutely rigid and does not undergo any deformation, i.e. /) 1 ＝l 1 ', the displacement of the tested piece is S = l 3 -l 3 '＝l 2 '-l 2 . In practice, the loading device inevitably produces a slight deformation, i.e., Δ ∈ = l 1 '-l 1 If the displacement of the tested piece is S' = l 2 '-l 2 + Δ ε, and thus a deviation from the true displacement value. Therefore, as shown in fig. 7, a set of longitudinal displacement measuring device 11.2 is additionally installed between the front end of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3 and the fixed ground, the displacement Δ ∈ of the loading device can be monitored in real time (deviation is obtained between the measured longitudinal displacement and the theoretical longitudinal displacement) by measuring the longitudinal displacement between the oil cylinder support 11.1 and the measuring support 11.4, the data of the part is fed back to the data correction system, and the error of the part can be corrected to obtain the real displacement S = S '- Δ ∈ of the tested piece, where S is the real crushing displacement and S' is the measured value of the crushing displacement.
2. And (3) correcting the crushing force: as shown in fig. 6 (c), during the test loading, the front end of the hydraulic cylinder 1.3 generates a slight angle θ deviating from the crushing direction due to the bending moment of the loading reaction force on the ground, thereby causing the error of the crushing force test. In this scheme, install a set of vertical displacement measuring device 11.3 additional between hydraulic cylinder 1.3 front end and fixed ground, through measuring the vertical displacement between hydro-cylinder support 11.1 and the measurement support 11.4, can its height variation of real-time supervision be Δ h (solve the deviation with the vertical displacement of measuring and theoretical vertical displacement), can obtain this small angle theta = arctan (Δ h/S) from this, and then real crushing power can express as:
wherein F is the modified crushing force, F' is the crushing force measurement, Δ h is the vertical position deviation, and S is the true crushing displacement.
Based on the loading device, the invention also provides a test method, which comprises the following steps:
1) Determining a loading position according to the size of a test object and a test working condition;
according to the size of a test object (small component/large component/whole vehicle) and test working condition requirements (information such as loading mode, crushing force level, displacement and the like), a test preliminary scheme is formulated, and the preliminary scheme comprises the steps of adjusting the position of a loading device, and determining the position and control mode of a hydraulic oil cylinder 1.3;
2) Carrying out safety accounting evaluation;
mounting a test element and a loading device, and adjusting and fixing based on the determined loading position;
the main purpose of security accounting evaluation is: the three position adjusting mechanisms of the device are provided with fastening force through bolts at each position to ensure the reliability of connection. The fastening force is too small, and the connection is unreliable; too great a tightening force can cause the force flow at the joint to be impeded, resulting in localized stress concentrations that can cause irreversible plastic deformation and damage to the device. Therefore, for different experiments, how large the tightening force of each adjusting mechanism should be set needs to be simulated by finite element calculation to find the optimal solution.
The main methods for safety accounting evaluation are as follows: the optimal values of the fastening force set by the three adjusting mechanisms are found through an optimization reverse solving method, and then the optimal values of the fastening force are reflected to the structure, namely the number of bolts used by the three connecting mechanisms. Since the means for obtaining the optimum value of the fastening force is the prior art, it is not specifically described, and the following is briefly described:
a. establishing a statics finite element model of the loading device under the test scheme, wherein the fastening force provided by each adjusting mechanism in the adjusting and positioning system is defined according to half of the maximum capacity of the adjusting and positioning system, the calculating acting force is defined according to the maximum acting force which possibly appears in the test, and the maximum stress value and the maximum deformation value of the loading device are extracted from the calculation result to simulate the maximum stress and the maximum deformation which possibly appear in the loading device under the test working condition through finite element calculation;
b. the finite element calculation model is established in the first step with the static model as basic model and the fastening force provided by the regulating mechanisms as design variable (a) 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 )，a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 Distributing and representing the fastening force provided by the longitudinal adjusting mechanism, the transverse adjusting mechanism and the vertical adjusting mechanism, constructing an orthogonal test design scheme, and respectively extracting the maximum stress value (b) of the loading device 1 ) Maximum deformation value (b) 2 )；
c. Constructing a Kriging agent model according to the orthogonal test result;
d. constructing a multi-objective optimization problem by respectively minimizing the maximum stress and the maximum deformation of the device, and solving by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the friction force (a) required by each adjusting mechanism 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ) The optimal scheme of (1);
e. and establishing a finite element model according to the optimal scheme, calculating, and simultaneously recording the calculation data of the key position of the loading device.
3) And the loading device is installed, is connected and fixed with the ground through foundation bolts, is accurately positioned and fixes a test loading position through the adjusting and positioning system, and is designed and installed with a required rigid pressure head according to the test working condition requirements.
4) And starting a loading control system for testing.
Carrying out preliminary tests:
arranging a strain gauge and a displacement meter at the key position of a loading device; starting a loading control system, carrying out debugging pre-test, namely slowly repeating the loading and unloading processes for multiple times to enable a test sample piece to generate small elastic displacement and recover, checking the debugging control system in the process to test whether the system works normally, and comparing the test results of a strain gauge and a displacement meter with the calculated data in the calculation evaluation to check the effectiveness of the optimization scheme, if the results are consistent, carrying out formal test according to the scheme, and if the results are inconsistent, carrying out analysis and calculation again;
formal test: according to different test types, the method can be divided into an elastic loading test and an elastic-plastic loading test.
The loading mode can be switched between an automatic operation mode and a manual operation mode in the test process, so that the test can be paused or stopped at any time. Particularly, for dangerous test working conditions of some large samples, the operation mode can be switched to a remote wireless operation mode so as to ensure the safety of test operators.
It should be understood that the data after the test is completed may be corrected according to the test data correction method provided above. It should also be understood that the quasi-static compression test of the present invention includes quasi-static compression tests of components and quasi-static compression tests of entire vehicles, which are not specifically limited by the present invention.
It should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative and not restrictive, and thus the invention is not to be limited to the examples described herein, but rather to other embodiments that may be devised by those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein, and that various modifications, alterations, and substitutions are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a loading device of vehicle quasi-static test which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the hydraulic loading system comprises a bearing system, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a loading control system, wherein the hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged on the bearing system and is connected with the loading control system;
the relative positions of the bearing system and the hydraulic oil cylinder are adjustable;
the bearing system is internally provided with a bearing base and pile foundations positioned on two sides of the bearing base, and the bearing base is used for bearing a hydraulic oil cylinder;
the pile foundation comprises a pile foundation base plate and a pile foundation ribbed plate, and the two side edges of the pile foundation ribbed plate and the bearing base are both provided with holes along the length direction;
and adjusting the longitudinal position by utilizing staggered fastening of the pile foundation base plate and the holes on the bearing base.
2. The loading device of claim 1, wherein: a bottom plate and a main bearing box are arranged in the bearing system, the main bearing box is positioned on the bottom plate, one end of the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on the main bearing box, and a vertical screw rod adjusting device is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the bottom plate;
a transverse pressing plate is arranged on the bottom plate corresponding to the edge positions of the main bearing box and the vertical screw rod adjusting device, an opening is transversely formed in the transverse pressing plate, the edges of the main bearing box and the vertical screw rod adjusting device are embedded into a gap between the transverse pressing plate and the bottom plate, and an opening is transversely formed in the edge;
and the adjustment of the transverse position is realized by utilizing the dislocation fastening of the transverse pressing plate and the openings on the edges of the main bearing box and the vertical screw rod adjusting device.
3. The loading device of claim 2, wherein: vertical pressing plates are arranged on two side edges of the end face, connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder, of the main bearing box, and the end edge of the hydraulic oil cylinder is embedded into a gap between the vertical pressing plates and the end face of the main bearing box;
and the end edge of the hydraulic oil cylinder and the vertical pressing plate are both provided with holes along the height direction, and the adjustment of the vertical position is realized by utilizing the staggered fastening of the holes and the height adjustment of the vertical screw rod adjusting device.
4. The loading device of claim 1, wherein: when the bearing system is applied to a transverse loading quasi-static compression test, a stop mechanism and a switching pressure head are arranged in the bearing system;
the switching pressure head is arranged at the force application end of the hydraulic oil cylinder and comprises a stress plate, a driving connecting rod, a driven connecting rod and pressure heads which are sequentially connected, wherein the driving connecting rod and the driven connecting rod are in a scissor-crossing shape, and the pressure heads are positioned at two sides of the test part;
the stop mechanism comprises a stop spring, a baffle, a support rib plate and a baffle base, wherein the stop spring is arranged between the stress plate and the baffle, the baffle base is fixed, the baffle is fixed on the baffle base, and the support rib plate is used for supporting the baffle.
5. The loading device of claim 1, wherein: the deformation deviation detection element comprises a vertical displacement detection element and a longitudinal displacement detection element;
the longitudinal displacement detection element is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the ground, is fixed on the vertical measurement support and is used for measuring the longitudinal displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measurement support;
the vertical displacement detection element is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the ground, is fixed on the base of the measurement support and is used for measuring the vertical displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measurement support.
6. A test method based on the loading device of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
determining a loading position according to the size of a test object and a test working condition;
carrying out safety accounting evaluation;
mounting a test element and a loading device, and adjusting and fixing based on the determined loading position;
and starting a loading control system for testing.
7. A test data correction method based on the loading device of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: if the test data comprises the crushing displacement, the test data modification method comprises the following steps:
measuring the longitudinal displacement between a hydraulic oil cylinder support and a measuring bracket by using a longitudinal displacement detection element, and calculating the deviation based on the theoretical longitudinal position to obtain a longitudinal displacement deviation value delta epsilon;
the longitudinal displacement detection element is arranged between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the ground, is fixed on the vertical measurement support and is used for measuring the longitudinal displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measurement support;
and correcting the crushing displacement measurement value based on the longitudinal displacement deviation value delta epsilon as follows:
S＝S'-Δε
wherein S is the true crush displacement and S' is the crush displacement measurement.
8. The test data correction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: if the test data comprises the crushing force, the test data modification method comprises the following steps:
measuring the vertical displacement between the hydraulic oil cylinder support and the measuring support by using a vertical displacement detecting element, and obtaining a vertical displacement deviation value based on a theoretical vertical position;
and correcting the measured value of the crushing force based on the vertical displacement deviation value as follows:
wherein F is the modified crushing force, F' is the crushing force measurement, Δ h is the vertical position deviation, and S is the true crushing displacement.
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