CN112663558A - Construction process for excavating weathered rock in inland river harbor pool - Google Patents
Construction process for excavating weathered rock in inland river harbor pool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an excavation construction process of weathered rocks in an inland harbor basin, which is used for excavating underground weathered rocks near the bank in a harbor basin to the designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin, wherein the weathered rocks are distributed in a high manner at the bank side and a low manner at the river side. The excavation construction process comprises the following steps: the first process is that the cutter suction dredger is adopted to excavate the silt and the soil layer on the upper layer of the weathered rock in the harbor pond, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of sludge receiving area construction, sludge discharge pipeline assembly and laying, cutter suction dredger positioning and cutter suction dredger dredging hydraulic reclamation. And constructing a cofferdam on the outer side of the weathered rock by the second process, which comprises the following steps: measuring and lofting, determining the arrangement position of the cofferdam, constructing the cofferdam and draining the water on the inner side of the cofferdam so as to form a dry construction environment in the cofferdam. And thirdly, excavating weathered rocks in the cofferdam by adopting an excavator matched with a crusher. And fourthly, removing the cofferdam. The excavation construction process is convenient to construct, can improve the dredging efficiency, is environment-friendly, and has no influence on nearby national roads, railways, plants and civil houses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction process for excavating weathered rocks in inland harbor ponds.
Background
The harbor basin is a water area for berthing, operating, sailing away and turning around operations of ships. The harbor basin has enough area and water depth. With the development of large-scale ships, the harbor basin can be developed towards ultra-wide and ultra-deep directions. The large ship cannot be berthed due to the fact that the depth of water in the harbor basin of a certain channel is insufficient, namely the depth of water is different due to the fact that the bottom of the harbor basin is uneven, and therefore deep excavation and dredging need to be conducted. The underground soil quality of the harbor basin sequentially comprises a variegated miscellaneous fill, a grey brown plain fill, grey black silt mullion, brown yellow cohesive soil mullion highly weathered rock stratum and a medium weathered rock stratum from top to bottom. In dredging engineering, when strongly weathered and moderately weathered rocks are encountered, an underwater blasting process is usually adopted. The harbor pool is close to the national road or the railway, is adjacent to a factory building, and has more civil houses around. According to the requirements of the regulations on railway safety management and from the safety point of view, the underwater blasting process cannot be used for dredging the strongly weathered rock and the moderately weathered rock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a construction process for excavating weathered rocks in inland harbor ponds, which is convenient to construct, can improve the dredging efficiency, is environment-friendly and has no influence on nearby national roads, railways, plants and civil houses.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: an excavation construction process of weathered rocks in an inland river harbor basin is used for excavating underground weathered rocks near a bank in the harbor basin to a designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin, wherein the weathered rocks are distributed in a high manner at the bank side and a low manner at the river side; the excavation construction process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first process is that the cutter suction dredger is adopted to excavate the silt and the soil layer on the upper layer of the weathered rock in the harbor pond, and the method comprises the following steps: building a mud receiving area, assembling and laying a mud discharge pipeline, positioning a cutter suction dredger and dredging and hydraulic filling the cutter suction dredger;
when the step of constructing the mud containing area is carried out, the mud containing area is arranged on land 50-1000 m away from the construction area of the cutter-suction dredger, and a stockyard and a sedimentation tank are arranged in the mud containing area; a cofferdam is arranged along the periphery of the sedimentation tank and adopts an earth and stone dyke body; filling the reclamation dam layer by layer, tamping layer by layer, and paving a layer of impermeable cloth on the inner side of the reclamation dam;
when the step of assembling and laying the sludge discharge pipeline is carried out, the steps comprise floating pipe laying, immersed pipe laying and shore pipe laying;
when the cutter suction boat positioning step is carried out, a steel pile positioning mode is adopted, a main pile is positioned on the center line of the strip-dividing grooving and serves as a transverse moving and swinging center, two sides of a cutter frame of a bow are respectively provided with a transverse moving anchor in a throwing mode, the transverse moving anchors throw out 25-35 m away from the bottom line of construction, a reamer of the cutter suction boat is made to swing left and right for dredging by retracting transverse moving anchor cables on two sides of the bow, and a steel pile trolley is used for pushing and moving forwards;
when the dredging and hydraulic filling steps of the cutter suction dredger are carried out, a construction method of partition classification is adopted; the sludge outlet of the sludge piling area is arranged at the farthest position away from the water outlet; when in hydraulic filling, firstly, filling the area where the slurry is difficult to flow, and filling from the position farthest away from the water outlet to the direction of the water outlet;
and constructing a cofferdam on the outer side of the weathered rock by the second process, which comprises the following steps: measuring and lofting, determining the arrangement position of a cofferdam, constructing the cofferdam and draining the inner side of the cofferdam;
when the step of measurement lofting is carried out, firstly removing surface layer sludge at the bottom of the harbor basin, then measuring the terrain of the harbor basin area again, and determining the position of the weathered rock exceeding the designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin according to the measurement result;
when the step of determining the arrangement position of the cofferdam is carried out, the cofferdam is arranged according to the principle that the back slope bottom of the cofferdam is arranged 2-5 m away from the edge of the river side of the weathered rock, so that the trend of the cofferdam is determined;
when the cofferdam construction step is carried out, construction is carried out in a dry season, and the material of the cofferdam dyke body adopts an earth-rock structure; a section of vehicle meeting channel is arranged on the cofferdam at intervals, and the width of the vehicle meeting channel is larger than the top width of the cofferdam; before cofferdam construction, setting an elevation control point at certain intervals along a river shoreline, utilizing an RTK measurement system to release a boundary line, and marking at certain intervals along the boundary line;
the cofferdam construction process comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the cofferdam body according to the determined cofferdam axis, wherein the cofferdam body is filled by adopting a bank slope excavated earthwork or outsourced clay and rock blocks, and mainly adopting stones; the underwater is filled once, and the earthwork vehicle is directly used for dumping;
(2) after the earth and stone are dumped, the earth and stone are pushed forward by a bulldozer to be flat and go on in a reciprocating way; when the filled soil exceeds the water surface under the current condition, the rolled dyke body is filled layer by layer and rolled for at least three times; the first time is pressure stabilization, and the second time and the third time are both vibration grinding; compacting layer by layer, ensuring that the side line of the cofferdam is rolled each time without dead angles, and ensuring that the degree of compaction reaches 95%;
(3) laying a first layer of waterproof cloth on the upstream surface to the bottom of the cofferdam, and sinking the waterproof cloth into the water bottom by using stones;
(4) piling two layers of sand bags on the first layer of waterproof cloth, wherein the bagging amount of each sand bag is 1/3-1/2 of the bag capacity, straw-woven bagged sand is adopted, the bag opening is bound by hemp ropes or thin iron wires and is leveled, and the height of the sand bag after sand filling is 20-40 cm; when the sand bags are put in, a mode of sliding down a slope is adopted, and then a ram with hooks is adopted to position the sand bags, the two layers of sand bags are piled up in a staggered way, and the longitudinal stubble pressing and the transverse stubble pressing are both 1/3; laying a second layer of waterproof cloth between the two layers of sand bags, wherein the second layer of waterproof cloth is laid to the top of the cofferdam;
(5) the cofferdam is folded, and the construction of the folding section of the cofferdam is carried out in the dry season without water level difference between the inner side and the outer side of the cofferdam;
when the step of draining water inside the cofferdam is carried out, firstly, water collecting wells are arranged at certain intervals along the position 1 m-1.2 m away from the slope bottom of the back water surface of the cofferdam, each water collecting well is at least provided with one water suction pump, and water in the water collecting wells is directly drained into a river channel through the water suction pumps; a drainage open ditch is arranged between two adjacent water collecting wells, and the drainage open ditch between the two adjacent water collecting wells is sloped from the middle to the two ends; a water pump of the water collecting well is required to pump water day and night until a dry construction environment is formed in the cofferdam;
and thirdly, excavating weathered rocks in the cofferdam by adopting the following means:
(1) transversely adopting two-stage stepped excavation, firstly performing first-stage area excavation with high elevation of bank side weathering rock, and then performing second-stage area excavation with low elevation of river side weathering rock;
(2) longitudinally arranging an excavation subsection at a certain distance; when in excavation, a working face is formed according to the longitudinal length of 4.5-5.5 m, and strip construction is carried out from the river side to the bank side;
(3) during excavation, open drainage ditches in cofferdams are used for drainage; if the water seepage or the rainfall is too large, adjusting the number of the water collecting wells, the pump allocation and the time interval of water pumping according to the field condition;
(4) excavating: firstly, crushing strong and medium stroke fossil rocks in a harbor pond by using a hydraulic crusher, wherein the height level of the crushed bottom is a designed height level, excavating the crushed strong and medium stroke fossil rocks by using an excavator, and transporting the excavated rock and soil to a specified area by using an earth moving vehicle; controlling the excavation bottom elevation by adopting an RTK measuring system, when finding that the excavation bottom elevation does not meet the design requirement, crushing again by using a crusher, and excavating again by using an excavator until the design elevation is met;
(5) when the second-level area of each excavation section is excavated to be close to the designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin, the excavation section is swept to be flat, and unevenness is removed until the unevenness is flat;
and fourthly, removing the cofferdam, and comprising the following steps:
before the cofferdam is dismantled, injecting water into the cofferdam by using a water pump to ensure that the water levels of the inner side and the outer side of the cofferdam are basically balanced and the cofferdam is in a stable state;
step two, two excavators are equipped during cofferdam demolition, and the demolition excavation sequence is as follows: the top of the back water side of the cofferdam, the top of the cofferdam, the lower part of the back water side of the cofferdam and the lower part of the water facing side of the cofferdam are divided into sections, the excavation is dismantled, the length of each section does not exceed the effective operation radius of the excavator, and the excavation is dismantled from the middle of each section of the cofferdam to the two sides.
In the excavation construction process of the weathered rock in the inland river harbor basin, when the dredging and hydraulic filling step of the cutter suction dredger in the first process is carried out, plane control, depth control and construction work efficiency control are carried out;
plane control: the method comprises the steps of controlling a ship position by utilizing a ship-mounted GPS, inputting a plane position of a designed dredging range into a computer, drawing an electronic construction drawing, inputting coordinates of plane positions of each strip-shaped excavation into the computer, accurately measuring coordinates of a dredging position by the GPS on the ship while receiving satellite signals, and adjusting and controlling the ship position by utilizing a steel pile trolley or an anchor cable winch according to the ship position displayed by a computer display to ensure that the ship position is in an excavated excavating groove;
depth control: arranging a water gauge in a construction area, and observing the water level at any time;
and (3) construction work efficiency control: and reasonably selecting the rotating speed of the reamer, the rotating speed of the pump, the transverse moving speed and the forward moving amount according to the actual conditions of the soil quality and the hydraulic filling pipeline in site construction and the construction parameters displayed by the dredging computer-aided decision system.
In the excavation construction process of the weathered rock in the inland river harbor basin, when the drainage step at the inner side of the cofferdam of the second flow is carried out, the manually excavated groove is arranged on the open drainage ditch, and the edge of the groove is tamped by a tamping machine; paving a broken stone cushion layer on the bottom surface of the trench, conveying broken stones to the bottom of the trench by using a back shovel, manually paving, compacting after the broken stones reach the elevation, paving bricks, and finally plastering by using plain concrete.
The invention relates to a weathering rock excavation construction process in an inland harbor pond, which has the following characteristics:
firstly, excavating sludge and soil layers above weathered rocks in a harbor pond to weathered rock tops by adopting a cutter suction dredger, constructing the rest strong weathered rocks and middle weathered rocks in a dry land by adopting a cofferdam, namely isolating the regions with higher weathered rocks in a dredging range by adopting the cofferdam to form a dry construction environment in the cofferdam, and excavating the strong weathered rocks and the middle weathered rocks to the designed bottom elevation of the harbor pond by adopting a conventional land equipment backhoe excavator matched with a breaking hammer in the cofferdam. The construction method of the invention is not only convenient for construction, but also can improve the dredging efficiency, is environment-friendly, and has no influence on nearby national roads, railways, plants and civil houses.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the anchoring of the cutter suction dredger during the positioning step of the cutter suction dredger in the first flow of the excavation construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a cofferdam during the cofferdam construction step of the second process of the excavation construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a cofferdam meeting area when the excavation process of the present invention proceeds to the cofferdam construction step of flow two;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dumping of the earth moving vehicle during the cofferdam construction step of flow two of the excavation construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a drainage device in the drainage step of the inner side of the cofferdam in the second process of excavation according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal graded excavation section of weathered rock in a third time flow of the excavation construction process of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal graded excavation plane of weathered rock during a third time of the excavation construction process of the invention;
8a, 8b and 8c are schematic diagrams of three steps of the excavation process of the invention for excavation of weathered rock in flow III;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the sequence of removing and excavating the cofferdam in the second step of the excavation process flow of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the excavation construction process of the weathered rock in the inland river harbor basin is used for excavating the underground weathered rock near the bank in the harbor basin to the designed bottom elevation +14m of the harbor basin, wherein the weathered rock is distributed in the height of the bank side and the low of the river side;
the excavation construction process comprises the following steps:
the first process is that the cutter suction dredger is adopted to excavate the silt and the soil layer on the upper layer of the weathered rock in the harbor pond, and the method comprises the following steps: building a mud receiving area, assembling and laying a mud discharge pipeline, positioning a cutter suction dredger and dredging and hydraulic filling the cutter suction dredger;
when the step of constructing the mud containing area is carried out, the mud containing area is arranged on land 50-1000 m away from the construction area of the cutter-suction dredger, and a stockyard and a sedimentation tank are arranged in the mud containing area; the cofferdam is arranged along the periphery of the sedimentation tank, the cofferdam adopts a soil-rock dyke body, the height is 3m, the top width is 2m, and the inner side and the outer side of the cofferdam are arranged according to the proportion of 1:1.5 slope relief; filling the reclamation dam layer by layer, tamping layer by layer, and paving a layer of color strip impermeable cloth on the inner side of the reclamation dam; arranging a drainage opening on the side of the sedimentation tank close to the river, firstly arranging a layer of geotextile on the bottom layer of the drainage opening, then arranging a layer of composite geomembrane, tightly wrapping, then arranging 5 groups of drainage steel pipes with the diameter of 700mm, obliquely arranging the drainage steel pipes, wherein the distance between the drainage steel pipes is 0.3m, filling the drainage steel pipes by adopting clay, sand bags and medium coarse sand, tamping the drainage steel pipes by using an excavator to ensure that the drainage steel pipes are tightly extruded and compacted, and preventing piping; backfilling the soil to the height of the original cofferdam and tamping the soil; the combination mode of the water discharge opening is that the water discharge steel pipe, the 90-degree elbow and the short section are combined, and the height of the water discharge opening is adjusted by connecting and detaching the short section; the short section is connected with the elbow by a flange plate; a sand bag is laid above the upstream face of the drainage steel pipe, and the slope protection is wrapped by geotextile to prevent the drainage from being washed; the outer side of the drainage port is protected by a stone block, so that the danger of cofferdam collapse and the like caused by erosion of the drainage at a high position to the root of the cofferdam is prevented;
when the step of assembling and laying the sludge discharge pipeline is carried out, the steps comprise floating pipe laying, immersed pipe laying and shore pipe laying;
when the cutter suction dredger is positioned, a steel pile positioning mode is adopted, the main pile is positioned on the center line of the slitting and grooving and serves as a transverse swing center, two sides of a reamer rest of the bow of the ship are respectively provided with a transverse anchor in a throwing mode, and the transverse anchors are thrown to be 25-35 m away from the bottom line of the construction (see figure 1); the reamer of the cutter suction dredger swings left and right to dredge through retracting and releasing the transverse anchor cables on the two sides of the bow of the dredger, and is pushed to move forwards by a steel pile trolley;
when the dredging and hydraulic filling steps of the cutter suction dredger are carried out, a construction method of partition classification is adopted; the sludge outlet of the sludge piling area is arranged at the farthest position away from the water outlet; when in hydraulic filling, firstly, the area where the slurry is difficult to flow is filled from the position farthest away from the water outlet to the direction of the water outlet, so that the hydraulic filling slurry is promoted to carry out physical precipitation by the longest flow path, and the earth loss is reduced;
when the cutter suction dredger is used for dredging and hydraulic filling, plane control, depth control and construction work efficiency control are also needed;
plane control: the method comprises the steps of controlling a ship position by utilizing a ship-mounted GPS, inputting a plane position of a designed dredging range into a computer, drawing an electronic construction drawing, inputting coordinates of plane positions of each strip-shaped excavation into the computer, accurately measuring coordinates of a dredging position by the GPS on the ship while receiving satellite signals, and adjusting and controlling the ship position by utilizing a steel pile trolley or an anchor cable winch according to the ship position displayed by a computer display to ensure that the ship position is in an excavated excavating groove;
depth control: arranging a water gauge in a construction area so as to observe the water level at any time;
and (3) construction work efficiency control: and reasonably selecting the rotating speed of the reamer, the rotating speed of the pump, the transverse moving speed and the forward moving amount according to the actual conditions of the soil quality and the hydraulic filling pipeline in site construction and the construction parameters displayed by the dredging computer-aided decision system.
And constructing a cofferdam on the outer side of the weathered rock by the second process, which comprises the following steps: measuring and lofting, determining the arrangement position of a cofferdam, constructing the cofferdam and draining the inner side of the cofferdam;
when the step of measurement lofting is carried out, firstly removing surface layer silt and a soil layer at the bottom of the harbor basin, then measuring the terrain of the harbor basin area again, and determining the position of the weathered rock exceeding the designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin according to the measurement result;
when the step of determining the arrangement position of the cofferdam is carried out, the cofferdam is arranged according to the principle that the back slope bottom of the cofferdam is arranged 2 m-3 m away from the edge of the river side of the weathered rock, so that the trend of the cofferdam is determined;
when the cofferdam construction step is carried out, construction is carried out in a dry season, and the material of the cofferdam dyke body adopts an earth-rock structure; the slope ratio of the upstream face and the back face of the cofferdam is 1:1.5, the top width of the cofferdam is 5m, and the top elevation is +18.3m (see figure 2); arranging a section of vehicle meeting channel on the cofferdam every 150m, wherein the length of the vehicle meeting channel is 20m, and the width of the vehicle meeting channel is 8m (see figure 3); before cofferdam construction, arranging an elevation control point every 200m along a river shoreline, releasing a boundary line by using an RTK measuring system, and inserting a color flag every 20m along the boundary line to make a mark;
the cofferdam construction process comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the cofferdam body according to the determined cofferdam axis, wherein the cofferdam body is filled by adopting a bank slope excavated earthwork or outsourced clay and rock blocks, and mainly adopting stones; the underwater is filled once, and the earth moving vehicle is directly adopted for dumping (see figure 4);
(2) after the earth and stone are dumped, the earth and stone are pushed forward by a bulldozer to be flat and go on in a reciprocating way; when the filled soil exceeds the water surface under the current condition, the rolled dyke body is filled layer by layer, the virtual paving thickness of each layer of filled soil is 30cm, and the rolling is carried out for at least three times; the first time is pressure stabilization, and the second time and the third time are both vibration grinding; compacting layer by layer, ensuring that the side line of the cofferdam is rolled each time without dead angles, and ensuring that the degree of compaction reaches 95%; the settlement amount of 20cm is reserved on the dike body, so that the stability of the cofferdam and the passing of earth vehicles during subsequent filling are guaranteed;
(3) laying a first layer of waterproof cloth on the upstream side to the bottom of the cofferdam, sinking the waterproof cloth into the water bottom by utilizing stones, and fixing the lower part of the first layer of waterproof cloth on the river bed to ensure that the first layer of waterproof cloth can be attached to the bottom of the cofferdam;
(4) piling two layers of sand bags on the first layer of waterproof cloth, wherein the bagging amount of each sand bag is 1/3-1/2 of the bag capacity, straw-woven bagged sand with the length multiplied by the width of 600mm multiplied by 800mm is adopted, the bag openings are bound by hemp ropes or thin iron wires and are leveled, and the height of the sand bags after sand filling is 20-40 cm; the sand bags cannot be thrown, a mode of sliding down a slope is adopted, a ram with hooks is adopted to position the sand bags, the two layers of sand bags are piled up in a staggered way, and the longitudinal stubble pressing and the transverse stubble pressing are both 1/3; laying a second layer of waterproof cloth between the two layers of sand bags, wherein the second layer of waterproof cloth is laid to the top of the cofferdam;
(5) the cofferdam is folded, and the construction of the folding section of the cofferdam is carried out in the dry season without water level difference between the inner side and the outer side of the cofferdam;
when the step of draining water inside the cofferdam is carried out, firstly, water collecting wells are arranged every 50m along the position 1 m-1.2 m away from the slope bottom of the back water surface of the cofferdam, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth of the water collecting wells is 2m multiplied by 1m, the thickness of the well wall is 0.1m, each water collecting well is at least provided with one water suction pump, and the water in the water collecting wells is directly drained into a river channel through the water suction pumps; a drainage open ditch (see figure 5) with the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm is arranged between two adjacent water collecting wells, the drainage open ditch between the two adjacent water collecting wells is sloped from the middle to the two ends, and the slope is 1; the open drainage ditch is a trench which is excavated manually, and the edge of the trench is tamped by a tamping machine to ensure the stability of the edge of the trench; paving a broken stone cushion layer on the bottom surface of the ditch, conveying broken stones to the bottom of the ditch by using a back shovel, manually paving, compacting after the broken stones reach the elevation, paving bricks, and finally plastering by using plain concrete to ensure that the drainage open ditch is not subjected to water seepage; a water pump of the water collecting well is required to pump water day and night until a dry construction environment is formed in the cofferdam;
and thirdly, excavating weathered rocks in the cofferdam by adopting a large excavator matched with a hydraulic breaking hammer, and excavating by adopting the following means:
(1) because the height of weathered rocks in the harbor pool area is +14m to +22m, the height difference is 8m, the weathered rocks are mainly distributed below +20m and are high at the bank side and low at the river side, and therefore two-stage step type horizontal excavation is adopted; firstly, excavating a first-stage area with high elevation of bank side weathered rock to +17m, and then excavating a second-stage area with low elevation of river side weathered rock to +14m (see the figure 6 and the figure 7);
(2) each 100m of the longitudinal direction is an excavation subsection; when in excavation, a working face is formed according to the longitudinal length of 4.5-5.5 m, and strip construction is carried out from the river side to the bank side;
(3) during the excavation, the open drainage ditches in the cofferdams are used for drainage, and if water seepage or excessive rainfall is found, the number of the water collecting wells, the configuration of the water suction pumps and the time interval of water suction are adjusted according to the field condition;
(4) excavating: firstly, crushing strong and medium stroke fossil rocks in a harbor pond by using a hydraulic crusher, wherein the height level of a crushed bottom is a designed height level (shown in figure 8a), the height level of the crushed bottom during first-stage excavation is +17m, the height level of the crushed bottom during second-stage excavation is +14m, excavating the crushed strong and medium stroke fossil rocks by using an excavator (shown in figure 8b), and transporting the excavated rock soil to a specified area by using an earth moving vehicle; controlling the excavation bottom elevation by adopting an RTK measuring system, when finding that the excavation bottom elevation does not meet the design requirement, re-crushing by using a crusher (see figure 8c), and re-excavating by using an excavator until the design elevation of the harbor basin is met;
(5) when the second-stage area of each excavation section is excavated to the height level which is close to the design bottom elevation +14m of the harbor basin, sweeping is carried out, and unevenness is found to be removed until the unevenness is flat;
and fourthly, removing the cofferdam and comprising the following steps:
before the cofferdam is dismantled, injecting water into the cofferdam by using a water pump to ensure that the water levels of the inner side and the outer side of the cofferdam are basically balanced and the cofferdam body is in a stable state;
step two, two excavators are equipped during cofferdam demolition, and the demolition excavation sequence is as follows: the top of the backwater side of the cofferdam, the top of the cofferdam, the lower part of the backwater side of the cofferdam and the lower part of the water facing side of the cofferdam (see figure 9) are adopted, the excavation is dismantled in sections, the length of each section of the cofferdam does not exceed the effective operation radius of the excavator, the excavation is dismantled from the middle of each section of the cofferdam to the two sides, and the earthwork for dismantling the excavation is timely transported to the outside of the field by adopting an earthwork vehicle.
The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention, and should be defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. An excavation construction process of weathered rocks in an inland river harbor basin is used for excavating underground weathered rocks near a bank in the harbor basin to a designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin, wherein the weathered rocks are distributed in a high manner at the bank side and a low manner at the river side; the excavation construction process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first process is that the cutter suction dredger is adopted to excavate the silt and the soil layer on the upper layer of the weathered rock in the harbor pond, and the method comprises the following steps: building a mud receiving area, assembling and laying a mud discharge pipeline, positioning a cutter suction dredger and dredging and hydraulic filling the cutter suction dredger;
when the step of constructing the mud containing area is carried out, the mud containing area is arranged on land 50-1000 m away from the construction area of the cutter-suction dredger, and a stockyard and a sedimentation tank are arranged in the mud containing area; a cofferdam is arranged along the periphery of the sedimentation tank and adopts an earth and stone dyke body; filling the reclamation dam layer by layer, tamping layer by layer, and paving a layer of impermeable cloth on the inner side of the reclamation dam;
when the step of assembling and laying the sludge discharge pipeline is carried out, the steps comprise floating pipe laying, immersed pipe laying and shore pipe laying;
when the cutter suction boat positioning step is carried out, a steel pile positioning mode is adopted, a main pile is positioned on the center line of the strip-dividing grooving and serves as a transverse moving and swinging center, two sides of a cutter frame of a bow are respectively provided with a transverse moving anchor in a throwing mode, the transverse moving anchors throw out 25-35 m away from the bottom line of construction, a reamer of the cutter suction boat is made to swing left and right for dredging by retracting transverse moving anchor cables on two sides of the bow, and a steel pile trolley is used for pushing and moving forwards;
when the dredging and hydraulic filling steps of the cutter suction dredger are carried out, a construction method of partition classification is adopted; the sludge outlet of the sludge piling area is arranged at the farthest position away from the water outlet; when in hydraulic filling, firstly, filling the area where the slurry is difficult to flow, and filling from the position farthest away from the water outlet to the direction of the water outlet;
and constructing a cofferdam on the outer side of the weathered rock by the second process, which comprises the following steps: measuring and lofting, determining the arrangement position of a cofferdam, constructing the cofferdam and draining the inner side of the cofferdam;
when the step of measurement lofting is carried out, firstly removing surface layer sludge at the bottom of the harbor basin, then measuring the terrain of the harbor basin area again, and determining the position of the weathered rock exceeding the designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin according to the measurement result;
when the step of determining the arrangement position of the cofferdam is carried out, the cofferdam is arranged according to the principle that the back slope bottom of the cofferdam is arranged 2-5 m away from the edge of the river side of the weathered rock, so that the trend of the cofferdam is determined;
when the cofferdam construction step is carried out, construction is carried out in a dry season, and the material of the cofferdam dyke body adopts an earth-rock structure; a section of vehicle meeting channel is arranged on the cofferdam at intervals, and the width of the vehicle meeting channel is larger than the top width of the cofferdam; before cofferdam construction, setting an elevation control point at certain intervals along a river shoreline, utilizing an RTK measurement system to release a boundary line, and marking at certain intervals along the boundary line;
the cofferdam construction process comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the cofferdam body according to the determined cofferdam axis, wherein the cofferdam body is filled by adopting a bank slope excavated earthwork or outsourced clay and rock blocks, and mainly adopting stones; the underwater is filled once, and the earthwork vehicle is directly used for dumping;
(2) after the earth and stone are dumped, the earth and stone are pushed forward by a bulldozer to be flat and go on in a reciprocating way; when the filled soil exceeds the water surface under the current condition, the rolled dyke body is filled layer by layer and rolled for at least three times; the first time is pressure stabilization, and the second time and the third time are both vibration grinding; compacting layer by layer, ensuring that the side line of the cofferdam is rolled each time without dead angles, and ensuring that the degree of compaction reaches 95%;
(3) laying a first layer of waterproof cloth on the upstream surface to the bottom of the cofferdam, and sinking the waterproof cloth into the water bottom by using stones;
(4) piling two layers of sand bags on the first layer of waterproof cloth, wherein the bagging amount of each sand bag is 1/3-1/2 of the bag capacity, straw-woven bagged sand is adopted, the bag opening is bound by hemp ropes or thin iron wires and is leveled, and the height of the sand bag after sand filling is 20-40 cm; when the sand bags are put in, a mode of sliding down a slope is adopted, and then a ram with hooks is adopted to position the sand bags, the two layers of sand bags are piled up in a staggered way, and the longitudinal stubble pressing and the transverse stubble pressing are both 1/3; laying a second layer of waterproof cloth between the two layers of sand bags, wherein the second layer of waterproof cloth is laid to the top of the cofferdam;
(5) the cofferdam is folded, and the construction of the folding section of the cofferdam is carried out in the dry season without water level difference between the inner side and the outer side of the cofferdam;
when the step of draining water inside the cofferdam is carried out, firstly, water collecting wells are arranged at certain intervals along the position 1 m-1.2 m away from the slope bottom of the back water surface of the cofferdam, each water collecting well is at least provided with one water suction pump, and water in the water collecting wells is directly drained into a river channel through the water suction pumps; a drainage open ditch is arranged between two adjacent water collecting wells, and the drainage open ditch between the two adjacent water collecting wells is sloped from the middle to the two ends; a water pump of the water collecting well is required to pump water day and night until a dry construction environment is formed in the cofferdam;
and thirdly, excavating weathered rocks in the cofferdam by adopting the following means:
(1) transversely adopting two-stage stepped excavation, firstly performing first-stage area excavation with high elevation of bank side weathering rock, and then performing second-stage area excavation with low elevation of river side weathering rock;
(2) longitudinally arranging an excavation subsection at a certain distance; when in excavation, a working face is formed according to the longitudinal length of 4.5-5.5 m, and strip construction is carried out from the river side to the bank side;
(3) during excavation, open drainage ditches in cofferdams are used for drainage; if the water seepage or the rainfall is too large, adjusting the number of the water collecting wells, the pump allocation and the time interval of water pumping according to the field condition;
(4) excavating: firstly, crushing strong and medium stroke fossil rocks in a harbor pond by using a hydraulic crusher, wherein the height level of the crushed bottom is a designed height level, excavating the crushed strong and medium stroke fossil rocks by using an excavator, and transporting the excavated rock and soil to a specified area by using an earth moving vehicle; controlling the excavation bottom elevation by adopting an RTK measuring system, when finding that the excavation bottom elevation does not meet the design requirement, crushing again by using a crusher, and excavating again by using an excavator until the design elevation is met;
(5) when the second-level area of each excavation section is excavated to be close to the designed bottom elevation of the harbor basin, the excavation section is swept to be flat, and unevenness is removed until the unevenness is flat;
and fourthly, removing the cofferdam, and comprising the following steps:
before the cofferdam is dismantled, injecting water into the cofferdam by using a water pump to ensure that the water levels of the inner side and the outer side of the cofferdam are basically balanced and the cofferdam is in a stable state;
step two, two excavators are equipped during cofferdam demolition, and the demolition excavation sequence is as follows: the top of the back water side of the cofferdam, the top of the cofferdam, the lower part of the back water side of the cofferdam and the lower part of the water facing side of the cofferdam are divided into sections, the excavation is dismantled, the length of each section does not exceed the effective operation radius of the excavator, and the excavation is dismantled from the middle of each section of the cofferdam to the two sides.
2. The excavation construction process of the weathered rock in the inland harbor pond according to claim 1, wherein when the dredging and hydraulic filling step of the cutter suction dredger of the first flow is carried out, plane control, depth control and construction work efficiency control are carried out;
plane control: the method comprises the steps of controlling a ship position by utilizing a ship-mounted GPS, inputting a plane position of a designed dredging range into a computer, drawing an electronic construction drawing, inputting coordinates of plane positions of each strip-shaped excavation into the computer, accurately measuring coordinates of a dredging position by the GPS on the ship while receiving satellite signals, and adjusting and controlling the ship position by utilizing a steel pile trolley or an anchor cable winch according to the ship position displayed by a computer display to ensure that the ship position is in an excavated excavating groove;
depth control: arranging a water gauge in a construction area, and observing the water level at any time;
and (3) construction work efficiency control: and reasonably selecting the rotating speed of the reamer, the rotating speed of the pump, the transverse moving speed and the forward moving amount according to the actual conditions of the soil quality and the hydraulic filling pipeline in site construction and the construction parameters displayed by the dredging computer-aided decision system.
3. The excavation construction process of the weathering rock in the inland harbor pond according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the drainage step of the inner side of the cofferdam of the second flow is carried out, the drainage open trench is a trench which is excavated manually, and the edge of the trench is tamped by a tamping machine; paving a broken stone cushion layer on the bottom surface of the trench, conveying broken stones to the bottom of the trench by using a back shovel, manually paving, compacting after the broken stones reach the elevation, paving bricks, and finally plastering by using plain concrete.
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Address after: 200032 No. 139, Xuhui District, Shanghai, Pingjiang Road Patentee after: CCCC THIRD HARBOR ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CCCC Third Aviation Bureau Sixth Engineering (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Patentee after: XIAMEN BRANCH OF CCCC THIRD HARBOR ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200032 No. 139, Xuhui District, Shanghai, Pingjiang Road Patentee before: CCCC THIRD HARBOR ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: CCCC Sanya (Xiamen) Engineering Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: XIAMEN BRANCH OF CCCC THIRD HARBOR ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. |
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