CN112663381A - Preparation method of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker - Google Patents

Preparation method of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112663381A
CN112663381A CN202011446427.6A CN202011446427A CN112663381A CN 112663381 A CN112663381 A CN 112663381A CN 202011446427 A CN202011446427 A CN 202011446427A CN 112663381 A CN112663381 A CN 112663381A
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bamboo shoot
cellulose
drying
shoot shell
solution
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曹新旺
杨银芝
范芳维
朱梦婷
严元
陈益人
邓中民
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Wuhan Textile University
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers, which comprises the following steps: 1. treating bamboo shoot shells in warm water at 40-60 ℃, drying, and putting into a bath at a bath ratio of 1: heating in water bath at 50-70 deg.C at 40-60 deg.C, adding 1-3ml/l sulfuric acid, treating for 1-3 hr, and oven drying; 2. placing bamboo shoot shells into a hydrogen peroxide solution for treatment for 2-3h, and adding auxiliary agents such as thiourea, sodium polyphosphate and the like and sodium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 1-3%; 3. placing bamboo shoot shells in a dimethyl sulfoxide solution for treatment and then drying; 4. the bamboo shoot shell is prepared into the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker by a TEMPO oxidation method. According to the invention, the extraction rate of the fiber is improved through acid pretreatment, and the pretreatment is carried out by using dimethyl sulfoxide when the nano-cellulose is prepared, so that the amorphous region of the cellulose is destroyed, and the cellulose nano-particles obtained after hydrolysis have higher crystallinity.

Description

Preparation method of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bamboo shoot shell cellulose extraction, and in particular relates to a preparation method of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers.
Background
Bamboo resources are rich in China, bamboo shoot shells are high in yield, the fibers of the bamboo shoot shells belong to natural cellulose fibers, the bamboo shoot shells contain rich cellulose, and the textile material has a very wide prospect in the aspect of application, but most of the existing bamboo shoot shell treatment modes are buried on the spot, the resources are not reasonably utilized, and the bamboo shoot shells are used as raw materials to extract the cellulose in the bamboo shoot shells, so that the bamboo shoot shells are reasonably utilized in the aspects of biomedicine, composite materials and the like. The existing process for extracting the bamboo shoot shell fibers has the problems of long time consumption, complex process and the like, so that the bamboo shoot shell fibers are extracted through optimization treatment, the residual gum rate is low, and the cellulose quality is good.
The nano-cellulose whisker has the characteristics of high crystallinity, strong hydrophilicity, high strength and the like, but the nano-cellulose whisker prepared by the existing method has uneven structure and higher cost, and waste liquid generated in the preparation process is easy to pollute the environment, so that the nano-cellulose whisker is prepared by using bamboo shoot shells as a raw material and adopting a 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-nitrogen-oxide (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO system, TEMPO can selectively oxidize cellulose, and carboxyl and anion are introduced to the surface of the cellulose, so that the cellulose nanocrystal can be uniformly dispersed in aqueous solution, and the flocculation phenomenon is not easy to generate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing bamboo shoot shells in warm water of 40-60 ℃ for treatment and drying, and then placing the bamboo shoot shells into a bath with a bath ratio of 1: heating in water bath at 50-70 deg.C at 40-60 deg.C, and adding 1-3ml/l sulfuric acid for 1-3 hr; drying the processed bamboo shoot shells in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
step 2, placing the bamboo shoot shells treated in the last step into a hydrogen peroxide solution for treatment for 2-3h, and adding thiourea, a sodium polyphosphate auxiliary agent and 1-3% of sodium hydroxide in mass percentage;
and 3, placing the bamboo shoot shells processed in the last step into dimethyl sulfoxide liquid, wherein the bath ratio is 1: 40-60 ℃, stirring at the temperature of 40-60 ℃, performing suction filtration by using a vacuum pump, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
and 4, preparing the bamboo shoot shell treated in the last step by using a TEMPO oxidation method to obtain the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker.
Further, in the step 2, the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 1.6%, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 3%, and the ambient temperature is 90 ℃.
Further, the TEMPO oxidation method in the step 4 comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) treating the bamboo shoot shells in the last step by adopting a bath ratio of 1: 100, performing water bath, adding 0.02g of TEMPO and 0.2g of NaBr into every 50g of solution, adding NaClO solution with the mass fraction of 12%, adjusting the pH value to 10-10.5, stirring at a constant speed for 3h, adding 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol when the pH value of the solution is stable, adjusting the solution to be neutral by using acid, centrifuging the obtained solution in a centrifuge at the rotating speed of 5000rpm for 8 minutes, repeatedly washing for 5-6 times to be neutral, taking precipitate in a centrifuge tube, and performing solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 100, dispersing the mixture in a high-speed homogenizer at 10000rpm for 5 minutes to obtain nano cellulose whisker suspension; and (3) freezing the nano cellulose whisker suspension liquid at-20 ℃ for 1 day, taking out, placing in a freeze drier, drying for 2 days, and taking out to obtain the white nano cellulose whisker.
Further, the bath ratio of the sulfuric acid treatment in the step 1 is 1: 50.
further, the bath ratio in the step 3 is 1: 50.
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the bamboo shoot shell cellulose has low acquisition cost. The bamboo resources are rich in China, the bamboo shoot shells are high in yield, most of the bamboo shoot shells are buried in the spot at present and are not reasonably utilized, and the problem of resource shortage can be relieved by processing the bamboo shoot shells serving as the raw material. The natural cellulose has the characteristics of high strength, low cost, biodegradability and the like. The nano-cellulose whisker is prepared by taking natural cellulose as a raw material, so that the preparation cost is reduced. Compared with the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers prepared by an acid treatment method TEMPO oxidation system, the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker has the advantages of small size, uniform structure, simple operation, high preparation rate and no generation of acid waste liquid. TEMPO can selectively oxidize cellulose, and carboxyl and anion are introduced to the surface of the cellulose, so that cellulose nanocrystals can be uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution, and the flocculation phenomenon is not easy to generate. The extraction rate of the fiber is improved through acid pretreatment, and dimethyl sulfoxide is used for pretreatment during the preparation of the nano-cellulose, so that the non-crystallization area of the cellulose is damaged, and the cellulose nano-particles obtained after hydrolysis have higher crystallinity.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker comprises the following steps:
in the experiment, the bamboo shoot shell is treated in warm water at 50 ℃ to remove impurities such as dust on the surface, and then the bamboo shoot shell is put into an oven at 70 ℃ to be dried. Putting the processed bamboo shoot shells into a bath at a bath ratio of 1: 50, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, and adding sulfuric acid with the concentration of 2ml/l for treatment for 1 h. And (3) putting the processed bamboo shoot shells into an oven at 70 ℃ for drying.
(1) Selection of the concentration of sodium hydroxide
Respectively putting the processed bamboo shoot shells into solutions with alkali concentrations of 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2% and 2.4% for processing for 2.5h, and adding a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 2%, thiourea, sodium polyphosphate and other auxiliaries, wherein the residual gum rate of the bamboo shoot shells is lower along with the increase of the concentration of sodium hydroxide.
(2) Selection of hydrogen peroxide concentration
Respectively putting the pretreated bamboo shoot shells into hydrogen peroxide solutions with the concentrations of 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% and 4% for treatment for 2.5h, and adding auxiliaries such as 2% sodium hydroxide, thiourea, sodium polyphosphate and the like, wherein the residual gum of the bamboo shoot shells is firstly reduced and then increased along with the increase of the hydrogen peroxide concentration.
(3) Selection of fiber extraction temperature
We change the temperature as a single variable, add the 2% sodium hydroxide, 2% hydrogen peroxide solution, thiourea and sodium polyphosphate and other auxiliary agents to process for 2.5h, respectively set a series of temperature gradients: the residual gum rate is measured at 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃ and 100 ℃.
The optimization through orthogonal experiments shows that the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1.6%, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 3%, and the residual gum rate is lowest at the temperature of 90 ℃.
(4) The alkali treated sample was placed in a bath ratio of 1: stirring 50 deg.C dimethyl sulfoxide liquid for 6 hr, vacuum filtering with vacuum pump, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and oven drying at 70 deg.C.
(5) Selection of the concentration of the oxidant NaClO solution.
On the basis of the original experimental process, the treated raw materials are taken, and the bath ratio is 1: 100, and every 50g of solution is added with 0.02g of TEMPO and 0.2g of NaBr, and we change the single variable of the concentration of the NaClO solution as an oxidant and respectively set a series of different concentration gradients: 10%, 12%, 14%, 16% and added dropwise. Adjusting the pH value to 10-10.5, stirring at a constant speed for 3h, adding 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol when the pH value of the solution is stable, adjusting the solution to be neutral by using acid, centrifuging the obtained solution in a centrifuge at the rotating speed of 5000rpm for 8 minutes, repeatedly washing for 5-6 times to be neutral, taking the precipitate in a centrifuge tube, and mixing the precipitate with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 100, placing the mixture into a high-speed homogenizer to disperse for 5 minutes at the rotating speed of 10000rpm to obtain the nano cellulose whisker suspension. Placing the mixture into a freezing machine for freezing treatment at-20 ℃ for 1 day, taking out the mixture, placing the mixture into a freezing dryer, and taking out the mixture after drying for 2 days to obtain the white nano cellulose whiskers.
Example (b):
1. treating bamboo shoot shell in 50 deg.C warm water to remove impurities such as dust on the surface, and oven drying in 70 deg.C oven. Putting the processed bamboo shoot shells into a bath at a bath ratio of 1: 50, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, and adding sulfuric acid with the concentration of 2ml/l for treatment for 1 h. And (3) putting the processed bamboo shoot shells into an oven at 70 ℃ for drying. Then the bamboo shoot shell treated by the method is put into an alkaline-oxygen solution for treatment. Wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 2 percent, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 3 percent, the treatment is carried out for 2.5h at the temperature of 90 ℃, the solution is washed by sulfuric acid with the concentration of 2ml/l and then deionized water until the solution is neutral, and the solution is taken out and put into a 70 ℃ oven for drying.
Crushing the degummed fiber and sieving the degummed fiber with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 0.03mm of fiber powder, wherein the bath ratio is 1: treating in 30 dimethyl sulfoxide liquid for 6h at 50 ℃, then performing vacuum filtration, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying the obtained sample in a 70 ℃ oven. The bath ratio is 1: 100, adding 0.02g of TEMPO and 0.2g of NaBr, dropwise adding 10% NaClO solution, adjusting the pH value to 10-10.5, uniformly stirring for 3 hours, then adding 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the solution to be neutral by using acid, centrifuging the obtained solution in a centrifuge at the rotating speed of 5000rpm for 8 minutes, repeatedly washing for 5-6 times to be neutral, removing supernate in a centrifuge tube, taking precipitate, and performing solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 100, dispersing in a high-speed homogenizer at 10000rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the nano cellulose whisker suspension. Placing the bamboo shoot shell into a freezing machine for freezing treatment at-20 ℃ for 1 day, taking out the bamboo shoot shell, placing the bamboo shoot shell into the freezing machine for drying for 2 days, and taking out the bamboo shoot shell to obtain the white bamboo shoot shell nanocellulose whisker.
2. Treating bamboo shoot shell in 50 deg.C warm water to remove impurities such as dust on the surface, and oven drying in 70 deg.C oven. Putting the processed bamboo shoot shells into a bath at a bath ratio of 1: 50, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, adding sulfuric acid with the concentration of 2ml/l for treatment for 1 hour, and drying the treated bamboo shoot shells in a 70 ℃ drying oven. Then the bamboo shoot shell treated by the method is put into an alkaline-oxygen solution for treatment. Wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1.6 percent, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 3 percent, and the treatment is carried out for 2.5 hours at the temperature of 95 ℃. Washing with 2ml/l sulfuric acid, washing with deionized water to neutrality, taking out, and oven drying at 70 deg.C.
Crushing the degummed fiber and sieving the degummed fiber with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 0.03mm of fiber powder, wherein the bath ratio is 1: treating in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide liquid for 6h at 60 deg.C, vacuum filtering, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and oven drying at 70 deg.C. The bath ratio is 1: 100, adding 0.02g of TEMPO and 0.2g of NaBr, dropwise adding a NaClO solution with the concentration of 12% to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5, uniformly stirring for 3 hours, then adding 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the solution to be neutral by using acid, centrifuging the obtained solution in a centrifuge at the rotating speed of 5000rpm for 8 minutes, repeatedly washing for 5-6 times to be neutral, removing supernatant in a centrifuge tube, taking precipitate, and mixing the precipitate according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 100, dispersing in a high-speed homogenizer at 10000rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the nano cellulose whisker suspension. Placing the bamboo shoot shell into a freezing machine for freezing treatment at-20 ℃ for 1 day, taking out the bamboo shoot shell, placing the bamboo shoot shell into the freezing machine for drying for 2 days, and taking out the bamboo shoot shell to obtain the white bamboo shoot shell nanocellulose whisker.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, placing bamboo shoot shells in warm water of 40-60 ℃ for treatment and drying, and then placing the bamboo shoot shells into a bath with a bath ratio of 1: heating in water bath at 50-70 deg.C at 40-60 deg.C, and adding 1-3ml/l sulfuric acid for 1-3 hr; drying the processed bamboo shoot shells in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
step 2, placing the bamboo shoot shells treated in the last step into a hydrogen peroxide solution for treatment for 2-3h, and adding thiourea, a sodium polyphosphate auxiliary agent and 1-3% of sodium hydroxide in mass percentage;
and 3, placing the bamboo shoot shells processed in the last step into dimethyl sulfoxide liquid, wherein the bath ratio is 1: 40-60 ℃, stirring at the temperature of 40-60 ℃, performing suction filtration by using a vacuum pump, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
and 4, preparing the bamboo shoot shell treated in the last step by using a TEMPO oxidation method to obtain the bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker.
2. The method for preparing bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 1.6%, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and the ambient temperature is 90 ℃.
3. The method for preparing bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers according to claim 1, wherein the TEMPO oxidation method in the step 4 comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) treating the bamboo shoot shells in the last step by adopting a bath ratio of 1: 100, performing water bath, adding 0.02g of TEMPO and 0.2g of NaBr into every 50g of solution, adding NaClO solution with the mass fraction of 12%, adjusting the pH value to 10-10.5, stirring at a constant speed for 3h, adding 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol when the pH value of the solution is stable, adjusting the solution to be neutral by using acid, centrifuging the obtained solution in a centrifuge at the rotating speed of 5000rpm for 8 minutes, repeatedly washing for 5-6 times to be neutral, taking precipitate in a centrifuge tube, and mixing the precipitate with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 100, dispersing in a high-speed homogenizer at 10000rpm for 5 minutes to obtain nano cellulose whisker suspension; and (3) freezing the nano cellulose whisker suspension liquid at-20 ℃ for 1 day, taking out, placing in a freeze drier, drying for 2 days, and taking out to obtain the white nano cellulose whisker.
4. The method for preparing bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers according to claim 1, wherein a bath ratio of the sulfuric acid treatment in the step 1 is 1: 50.
5. the method for preparing bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhiskers according to claim 1, wherein the bath ratio in the step 3 is 1: 50.
CN202011446427.6A 2020-12-09 2020-12-09 Preparation method of bamboo shoot shell cellulose nanowhisker Pending CN112663381A (en)

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