A kind ofly suppress and slow down coke in the hydrocarbons pyrolysis and form method with deposition
The present invention relates to a kind ofly suppress and slow down in the hydrocarbons pyrolysis coke on the logistics agent and equipment metal surface and form method with deposition, promptly adopt the pretreating agent of nonmetalloid compounds such as a kind of sulfur-bearing, the cracking equipment surface is handled, to suppress and to reduce the formation and the deposition of the coke in cracking process and the subsequent processes.
In the hydrocarbon cracking process of producing ethylene, be raw material with ethane, naphtha, diesel oil, hydrogenation tail oil etc. usually, with the water vapour diluent; In pyrolysis furnace, above-mentioned raw materials is the logistics that contains components such as hydrogen, methane, ethene, propylene, butadiene by Pintsch process.This logistics can make the product of high added values such as ethene, propylene, butadiene after cooling, compression, separating, make with extra care, and C
4, C
5, fuel wet goods accessory substance.Simultaneously cracking process also produces some and is deposited on some harmful substances on the cracking apparatus as coke, polymer, impurity etc., and what wherein harm was bigger is coke.Coke is a kind of fabulous adiabatic material, and it is deposited on the heat-transfer effect of the equipment that had a strong impact on the cracking apparatus, and it is temperature required to keep cracking to consume a large amount of heat energy, therefore will regularly carry out coke cleaning treatment to pyrolysis furnace.Coking---coke-removing procedure not only loses a large amount of heat energy also will shorten the production time; Jiao generation causes serious corrosion for the surface of equipment in addition.At first, well-known, in catalysis Jiao's formation, metal catalyst particles is shifted out from the surface and is moved to Jiao, and this result has caused the metal utmost point promptly to run off and destroyed boiler tube; Second kind of situation is can damage boiler tube in the abrasive action of the particle that carbon granule is produced when tube wall is driven away to air-flow, and this elbow that acts on boiler tube is especially obvious; In addition, burnt form with the solid solution alloy that enters into boiler tube goes.The reaction of chromium in carbon and the alloy becomes chromium carbide then, and this phenomenon will make alloy lose its oxidation resistance, thereby become very sensitive to chemical attack, and the mechanical performance of pipe also is adversely affected.
In order to suppress and slow down Jiao's formation, various countries have proposed several different methods at present, for example, United States Patent (USP) 4680421 (Forester etc.) discloses the use of ammonium borate, particularly ammonium borate and borous acid ammonium are dissolved in the ethylene glycol solvent and use, United States Patent (USP) 4756820 (Forester etc.) discloses the salt that can use boron oxide, boric acid, borate, peroxidating ammonium borate, monoborane, organo-borane and boracic and has suppressed burnt formation.But the effect of these inhibitor is all undesirable.
United States Patent (USP) 4297246 (Cairns etc.) discloses the coating that obtains from colloidal sol, as CeO
2, ZrO
2, TiO
2Can be used to protect metal matrix.Method is CeO
2, ZrO
2, TiO
2At first be diffused in the colloidal sol, with colloidal sol being converted into corresponding gel after separate drying.The typical case has introduced and has been used on the metal matrix with protection metal generation oxidation, and the deposition of restraining charcoal layer on the steel surface that is exposed in the air-flow.In order to make oxide sol generation useful effect, must metal pretreated at low temperatures surface, (850~1000 ℃) heat treatment in air then is converted into the lip-deep oxide layer that needs protection to colloidal sol.Suppressing though this invention is applied to coking, is that certain effect is arranged in high temperature pyrolysis technology, and this invention cost height, and technical sophistication are difficult for grasping.
The purpose of this invention is to provide new pretreating agent and a kind ofly slow down coke in hydrocarbons pyrolysis equipment metal surface and the logistics agent and form method with deposition, to cut down the consumption of energy, to alleviate equipment corrosion, to extend manufacture cycle; This method is with low cost, and is industrial easy to implement, and it is effective to suppress coking.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, adopt following technical scheme: make pretreating agent with one or more mixture of hydrogen sulfide, organosulfur compound, organic phosphorus compound and organic sulfur phosphorus compound and before cracking stock feeds, inject cracking apparatus preliminary treatment is carried out in the metal surface with steam.
Apparatus for thermal cleavage is preheated to 300~1000 ℃ before the preliminary treatment, pretreating agent is scattered in the steam with the steam injection device, equipment surface is handled 0.5~3hr continuously, feed cracking stock then and carry out cracking; Perhaps after apparatus for thermal cleavage was preheated to 300~1000 ℃, pretreating agent was handled 0.5~2hr to equipment surface with cracking stock gas access arrangement in the time of cracking.Wherein the concentration of pretreating agent in steam or unstripped gas is 1~4000ppm, is preferably 50~2000ppm; The flow of steam or unstripped gas is 5~200Kg/m
2H is preferably 50~150Kg/m
2H, pretreatment time 1~2hr be for well, pretreatment temperature best results during with 500~800 ℃.Described organosulfur compound is carbon disulfide, DMDS, aliphatic sulfur-containing compound, alicyclic sulfur-containing compound, aromatic series sulfur-containing compound, thiophene-based, morpholine class etc.Described organic phosphorus compound comprises triphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphate, Trimethyl phosphite, di-n-butyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate etc.Described organic sulfur phosphorus compound mainly is the thiophosphate compounds.Adopt chemical pure to get final product to described pretreating agent.These pretreating agents can directly join in steam or the unstripped gas, also can be dispersed in the solvent and inject steam or unstripped gas with solvent, when injecting with solvent, pretreating agent is evenly distributed in cracking apparatus, treatment effect is better, this solvent is that water, aliphatic and aromatic compound and cracking stock, described unstripped gas are ethane, propane, butane, naphtha, often several mixtures is appointed in reduce pressure diesel oil, reforming raffinate oil or their, in order to add fine melt, can be mixed with steam in the unstripped gas.
Mechanism to the hydrocarbon cracking coking, up to the present everybody generally accepted viewpoint is, the hydrocarbon cracking coking has three processes: the one, and catalytic coking, metal and metal oxide are its main catalyst, the speed of catalytic coking is in the early stage than higher, but along with metal is covered by Jiao, the speed of catalytic coking reduces gradually; The 2nd, the gas phase coking, it mainly is at high temperature to take place; The 3rd, the free radical coking, it is Jiao who has generated and contains Jiao that the small species in the hydrocarbon stream generate with the radical form reaction that back two kinds of situations occur in the whole cracking process.
Pretreating agent injects cracking apparatus with steam before cracking, promptly to the equipment surface preliminary treatment, can reduce catalytic coking effectively; Pretreating agent injects with unstripped gas, promptly in cracking process equipment surface is handled, and do like this and can reduce nonproductive time, but treatment effect is few weaker, at this moment can remedy by the concentration that increases pretreating agent.In the cost-effective concentration range of pretreating agent, concentration is high more, the long more generation that can suppress coke more effectively of processing time.Promptly under higher pretreatment temperature, carry out preliminary treatment under the higher preheat temperature, can obtain satisfied treatment effect.
Though the application that the present invention describes mainly is the pyrolysis furnace that uses in ethylene production technology, the present invention can expand in other the technology, includes within the scope of the present invention so long as relate to inhibition hydrocarbon cracking green coke problem.
Fig. 1 is the X-ray energy spectrum figure of the A face of coking in the new pipe
Fig. 2 is the X-ray energy spectrum figure of the B face of coking in the new pipe
Fig. 3 is the X-ray energy spectrum figure through Jiao's who ties in the pretreated pipe A face
Fig. 4 is the X-ray energy spectrum figure through Jiao's who ties in the pretreated pipe B face
Fig. 5 is ESEM (SEM) photo of the burnt B face that generates in the new pipe
Fig. 6 is ESEM (SEM) photo through the burnt B face of pretreated pipe generation
Fig. 7 is the process chart that the embodiment of the invention adopts
EDAX represents X-ray energy spectrum among the figure, and K α represents spectral line, and CNT promptly counts (countrate), and ev/ch represents wide; The A face is the face that contacts with inner tubal wall, and the B face is the face that contacts with air-flow; Described new pipe is meant the pipe that uses for the first time, 1-vaporizer among Fig. 7,2-pyrolysis furnace, 3-condenser, 4-caustic treater, 5-water washing tank, 6-cracked oil, 7-wet gas flow meter
Adopt technical solution of the present invention can obtain excellent effect.
As we can see from the figure, no matter be new pipe or the nonexpondable pipe of process, the tenor in A face Jiao is higher than the tenor on the B face.Though the sample of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 is Jiao who generates in new pipe, this moment, the catalytic action on surface was also very not strong, still can see tangible iron peak in Fig. 2.But through after the preliminary treatment, on Jiao's B face (Fig. 4), iron peak is but very low.As seen from Figure 5, arranged fibrous burnt the appearance on the burnt B face of new Guan Zhongjie, Jiao of this shape is the characteristic feature of catalytic coking.Do not find fibrous Jiao on the burnt B face among Fig. 6, but form by the accumulation of tar drop.
Can find out through pretreated pipe significantly not low from X-ray energy spectrum and stereoscan photograph through the B of pretreated pipe face iron peak, and there be not fibrous burnt the generation, as seen preliminary treatment has the obvious suppression effect to the catalytic coking process, thereby reduced the coking of whole boiler tube, prolong the production cycle, reduced production cost.Make industrial application experiment result with naphtha and show, without the pretreated pipe cycle of operation be 39 days, boiler tube is after preliminary treatment, the cycle of operation is 50-54 days.
Further specify the present invention with embodiment below
The following example adopts technology and the equipment of Fig. 7, and distilled water and naphtha are squeezed into vaporizer 1 vaporization with measuring pump respectively, enter pyrolysis furnace 2 then and carry out cracking.Pyrolysis product makes Oil-gas Separation through condenser 3, and cracking gas is washed after emptying after quantifier 7 meterings through caustic treater 4 alkali cleanings, water washing tank 5.The heating furnace of vaporizer 1 is an internal diameter 100mm, the tube furnace of heated length 1000mm.The cracking heating furnace is one and is internal diameter 40mm, the tube type resistance furnace of heated length 600mm.Tube cracking furnace 2, its size is as follows: external diameter 14mm, internal diameter 10mm, length overall 800mm, heated length 600mm, its material is the 1Cr18Ni stainless steel.The survey Jiao method that embodiment uses is the reactor weight method." burning " in the boiler tube processing mode is meant coking of tube after burn the pipe of processing, and " preliminary treatment " is meant and burns after pretreated pipe.
Embodiment 1
Pretreating agent is a carbon disulfide, experimental condition: the charging gauging is 140g/h; Water is 84g/h; 800 ℃ of pretreated temperature; Other condition and gained the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 is the result of the test of inorganic agent with carbon disulfide
Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
The boiler tube processing mode | New pipe | Burn | Burn | Preliminary treatment 1.5h 50ppm | Preliminary treatment 1.5h 100ppm | Preliminary treatment 1.5h 800ppm |
The pyrolysis furnace temperature (℃) | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 |
Coking time (h) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 14 | 24 |
Coking amount (g) | 3.98 | 6.89 | 6.61 | 2.04 | 1.07 | 2.13 |
Coking rate (g/h) | 0.162 | 0.287 | 0.275 | 0.085 | 0.076 | 0.089 |
Embodiment 2
Pretreating agent is a DMDS, experimental condition: the charging gauging is 140g/h; Water is 70g/h; 800 ℃ of pretreated temperature; Other condition and result of the test see Table 2.
Table 2 is the result of the test of inorganic agent with the DMDS
Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
The boiler tube pretreatment mode | Burn | Burn | Preliminary treatment 62ppm 2h | Preliminary treatment 62ppm 2h | Preliminary treatment 200ppm 0.5h | Preliminary treatment 500ppm 0.5h | Preliminary treatment 500ppm 1h | Preliminary treatment 800ppm 0.5h | Preliminary treatment 800ppm 1h |
The pyrolysis furnace temperature (℃) | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 |
Coking time (h) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 36.67 | 48 |
Coking amount (g) | 7.35 | 13.77 | 5.68 | 5.96 | 2.69 | 2.34 | 2.30 | 3.25 | 4.16 |
Coking rate (g/h) | 0.306 | 0.574 | 0.237 | 0.248 | 0.112 | 0.098 | 0.096 | 0.089 | 0.087 |
Embodiment 3
Pretreating agent is o, o-dimethyl disulfide substituted phosphate, and experimental condition: the charging gauging is 140g/h, water is 84g/h, 800 ℃ of pretreated temperature; Other condition and result of the test see Table 3.
Table 3 is with o, and o-dimethyl disulfide substituted phosphate is the result of the test of inorganic agent
Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
The boiler tube processing mode | New pipe | Burn | Burn | Preliminary treatment 1h 50ppm. | Preliminary treatment 1.5h 300ppm | Preliminary treatment 1.5h 800ppm. |
The pyrolysis furnace temperature (℃) | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 |
Coking time (h) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
Coking amount (g) | 4.12 | 7.05 | 7.34 | 3.85 | 2.45 | 2.21 |
Coking rate (g/h) | 0.172 | 0.293 | 0.305 | 0.160 | 0.102 | 0.0921 |
Embodiment 4
Pretreating agent is a triphenyl phosphite, experimental condition: the charging gauging is 140g/h; Water is 84g/h; 800 ℃ of pretreated temperature; Other condition and result of the test see Table 4
Table 4 is the result of the test of inorganic agent with the triphenyl phosphite
Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
The boiler tube processing mode | New pipe | Burn | Burn | Preliminary treatment 50ppm 1h | Preliminary treatment 300ppm 1.5h | Preliminary treatment 800ppm 1.5h |
The pyrolysis furnace temperature (℃) | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 |
Coking time (h) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
Coking amount (g) | 4.51 | 7.51 | 8.08 | 4.32 | 3.67 | 2.54 |
Coking rate (g/h) | 0.187 | 0.312 | 0.336 | 0.180 | 0.153 | 0.106 |
As can be seen from Table 4, use triphenyl phosphite to be inorganic agent, coking rate is reduced, but effect is poorer slightly than above-mentioned several compounds.
Embodiment 5
Pretreating agent is experimental condition: the charging gauging is 140g/h; Water is 84g/h; 400 ℃ of pretreated temperature; Other condition and result of the test see Table 5.
Table 5 is the result of the test of inorganic agent with carbon disulfide
Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
The boiler tube processing mode | New pipe | Burn | Burn | Preliminary treatment 50ppm 1h | Preliminary treatment 300ppm 1.5h | Preliminary treatment 800ppm 1.5h |
The pyrolysis furnace temperature (℃) | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 | 930 |
Coking time (h) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
Coking amount (g) | 3.85 | 6.38 | 6.73 | 5.08 | 4.26 | 3.75 |
Coking rate (g/h) | 0.160 | 0.266 | 0.280 | 0.212 | 0.178 | 0.156 |
From the foregoing description as can be seen, the coking rate behind the use pre-treatment treatment boiler tube obviously reduces than not pretreated coking rate.Along with the raising of preliminary treatment concentration, it is apparent in view that coking rate reduces.And pretreatment time is when increasing, and in test by the observation analysis to system pressure, the coking of condenser also had reduction.In addition, find in test unpretreated boiler tube, when coking amount was bigger, the oxide that comes off from boiler tube after burning was many.And pretreated boiler tube after burning, does not almost have coming off of oxide, and this shows that preliminary treatment can reduce the corrosion of boiler tube.
Contrast as can be seen from table 5 and table 1, pretreating agent uses at low temperatures coking rate is reduced, but more relatively poor than result of use under the higher temperature.