Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application more clearly apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The weight of the related components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship of the weight among the components, and therefore, the content of the related components is scaled up or down within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present application as long as it is scaled up or down according to the description of the embodiments of the present application. Specifically, the mass described in the specification of the embodiments of the present application may be a mass unit known in the chemical industry field such as μ g, mg, g, kg, etc.
The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are used for distinguishing purposes such as substances from one another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
The first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a concentrated nutrient solution, which is used for food processing, and the concentrated nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
320 parts of rhizoma polygonati 160, 40-160 parts of ginseng and 40-80 parts of liquorice; 1900-.
The concentrated nutrient solution provided by the embodiment of the application is prepared by extracting and concentrating rhizoma polygonati, ginseng and liquorice in water according to the weight parts, is not added with any preservative, has the functions of tonifying kidney and promoting fluid, tonifying spleen and benefiting lung, resisting fatigue and enhancing immunity of an organism, can well play the functions when added into food for eating, and has good prospect in the field of food industry.
In the raw materials, the sealwort is 320 portions, specifically 160 portions, 180 portions, 200 portions, 250 portions, 280 portions, 300 portions, 320 portions and the like; 40-160 parts of ginseng, specifically 40 parts, 50 parts, 80 parts, 100 parts, 120 parts, 140 parts, 160 parts and the like; the licorice is 40-80 parts, and may be 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, etc. Wherein the water consumption for extracting the raw materials is 1900-5600 parts, specifically 1900 parts, 2000 parts, 2500 parts, 3000 parts, 3200 parts, 3500 parts, 3600 parts, 3700 parts, 4000 parts, 5600 parts and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the concentrated nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 240 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 100 parts of ginseng, 60 parts of liquorice and 3500 parts of water; 3600 parts of water for extracting the raw materials each time. Further, the rhizoma polygonati is prepared rhizoma polygonati. The ginseng is ginseng rootlets, and the ginseng is sun-dried ginseng. The Glycyrrhrizae radix is inner Mongolia Glycyrrhrizae radix.
Rhizoma Polygonati is a perennial herb of Polygonatum of Liliaceae, with transverse, cylindrical, enlarged nodes, and impeller-like, stalk-free, and is usually used as the drug. The plant has more than 40 plants in the world and 31 plants in China. The Chinese pharmacopoeia has recorded 3 kinds of sealwort as "original medicine" including sealwort, sealwort and sealwort. According to different shapes, the folk medicines are respectively called 'rheum officinale essence', 'Jitou polygonatum' and 'Jiang-Huang polygonatum'. The polygonatum polysaccharide is used as a bioactive substance with the highest content in polygonatum, and has attracted great interest and wide attention of people. Modern pharmacological studies show that the polygonatum polysaccharide has various effects of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, resisting aging, resisting tumors, reducing blood sugar and the like, has obvious effects on enhancing the non-specific immune function of a human body, improving the memory of the human body and the like, is edible and can be used as a medicine, and has development prospect.
Ginseng is the dry root of Panax ginseng belonging to Araliaceae, and as recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, Panax ginseng has the effects of tonifying five internal organs, calming spirit, calming soul, stopping palpitation, eliminating pathogenic factors, and improving mind and intelligence. In modern traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is called the king of all grass and is also the king of herbs, so that the ginseng has very good tonifying effect.
Licorice, name of Chinese medicine. Is dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat or Glycyrrhiza glabra L of Leguminosae. Distributed in northeast, northeast China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Shandong, etc. Has the effects of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating phlegm and stopping cough, relieving spasm and pain, and harmonizing the medicines. It is commonly used for spleen and stomach weakness, lassitude and hypodynamia, palpitation and shortness of breath, cough with profuse sputum, abdominal and leg contracture and pain, carbuncle and sore, and to relieve toxicity and intensity of drugs.
According to the evaluation of drug effect, the ginseng, the sealwort and the liquorice have strong tonifying effect, and experiments prove that the provided concentrated nutrient solution for extracting the ginseng, the sealwort and the liquorice can obviously prolong the swimming time of a loaded mouse, obviously reduce the urea nitrogen content of the serum of the mouse, obviously improve the glycogen content of the liver of the mouse, obviously reduce the area under the blood-lactic acid curve of the mouse and has the function of relieving physical fatigue.
Further, the density of the concentrated nutrient solution is 1.1g/ml-1.3 g/ml. The concentrated nutrient solution has more effective active ingredients.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing the above concentrated nutrient solution, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprising the following steps:
s01: placing the sealwort, the ginseng and the liquorice in the water to carry out a first extraction process to obtain a first extraction solution; wherein the first extraction process comprises: soaking for 1-2h, heating and decocting at 90-98 ℃, and then carrying out first filtration treatment;
s02: placing the filter residue after the first filtration treatment in water for a second extraction process to obtain a second extracting solution; wherein the second extraction process comprises: soaking for 1-2h, heating and decocting at 90-98 ℃, and then carrying out second filtration treatment;
s03: and combining the first extracting solution and the second extracting solution, and concentrating to obtain the concentrated nutrient solution.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of the concentrated nutrient solution taking the sealwort, the ginseng and the liquorice as raw materials, wherein the sealwort, the ginseng and the liquorice in corresponding parts by weight are added into water to be subjected to a specific first extraction process, filter residues are subjected to a specific second extraction process, and then the filter residues are combined and concentrated to obtain the concentrated nutrient solution. The concentrated nutrient solution is prepared without adding any preservative, has the functions of tonifying kidney and promoting the secretion of saliva or body fluid, tonifying spleen and lung, resisting fatigue and enhancing the immunity of organisms, can well play the functions when added into food for eating, and has good prospect in the field of food industry.
Before the preparation process of the concentrated nutrient solution, the raw materials may be pretreated, specifically, the selected raw materials include ginseng selected from: the dried goods and root must are in strip shape or curved shape, the surface section is yellow and white, the smell is sweet, and the product has no powder, impurity, sulfur, bleaching, worm damage and mildew within 6 months from the original production time. The rhizoma Polygonati is selected from rhizoma Polygonati: dry goods, thoroughly prepared, no green sheets, straight sheets about 2-5cm long, 90% of the whole sheet, less crushed materials, 6 months from the original production time, no sulfur, no bleaching, no worm damage and no mildew. The licorice is selected from: the dry goods and straight pieces are about 2-5cm long, the whole piece is 90%, the crushed pieces are few, the time from the original production is 6 months, and the product is sulfur-free, bleaching-free, worm-eaten-free and mildew-free. The raw materials are mixed and ground into powder, and the powder is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain coarse powder, so that the extraction efficiency is improved.
In step S01, which is the first extraction process, the active ingredients can be released well by soaking, heating and decocting for filtration and extraction. Specifically, in the process, the decoction is carried out at 90-98 deg.C for 1-3h under 80-100KPa pressure, and the extraction effect is better. And subsequently filtering to obtain a first extracting solution.
Step S02, which is a second extraction process; wherein the time for heating, decocting and extracting is correspondingly increased by 0.5-1.5 h; in one embodiment, in the second extraction process, the decoction is carried out at 90-98 deg.C for 2.5-4.5h under 80-100 KPa. And subsequently filtering to obtain a second extracting solution.
Certainly, under the same operation condition, the filter residue after the second filtration treatment can be sequentially extracted for 1-2 times, so that the extraction efficiency is further improved. For example, in one embodiment, the residue after the second filtration treatment is put into water to be subjected to a third extraction process, so as to obtain a third extract; wherein the third extraction process comprises: soaking for 1-2h, decocting at 90-98 deg.C, and filtering; and subsequently, combining the first extracting solution, the second extracting solution and the third extracting solution, and performing the concentration treatment.
In a word, the application takes 320 parts of rhizoma polygonati 160-; every time an extraction process is added, 1900-.
In the embodiment of the application, rhizoma polygonati, ginseng and liquorice are used as raw materials, water is used for decoction and extraction, the water consumption for each decoction and extraction is 8-10 times, the decoction is 1-3 hours, and the total decoction is 2-3 times. Preferably, each decocting extraction is carried out with 9 times of water, each decocting is carried out for 2 hours, and the total decocting time is 2 times.
In step S03, the last concentration step is performed. In one embodiment, the concentration treatment is performed by using a double-effect concentrator, and a 200-mesh filter screen is used for filtering before the concentration treatment. The concentration effect is purer. The extracting solution is merged and injected into a double-effect concentrator for concentration, and the concentrated nutrient solution with the density of 1.1-1.3 g/ml and the weight of 300-600 parts can be finally obtained. And finally, injecting the concentrated solution concentrated by the double-effect concentrator into a vacuum concentrator, concentrating in vacuum, and then cooling, packaging and sterilizing.
The preparation method does not add any preservative, has the functions of tonifying kidney and promoting the secretion of saliva or body fluid, tonifying spleen and benefiting lung, resisting fatigue and enhancing the immunity of organisms, and ensures that the medicinal and edible product is convenient to be applied to the production of the food industry. The concentrated nutrient solution obtained by the preparation method can obviously prolong the swimming time of the loaded mice; obviously reduces the content of urea nitrogen in the serum of the mouse, obviously improves the content of glycogen in the liver of the mouse, obviously reduces the area under the blood lactic acid curve of the mouse, and has the function of relieving physical fatigue. In the application, through the analysis of the components of the raw materials in the formula, the extraction rate of the adenosine cyclophosphate serving as an active ingredient is planned to be an index, and the optimal water extraction process of the preparation is investigated and determined by adopting an HPLC method and an orthogonal experiment method.
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1 Instrument and reagent
1.1 instruments
Shimadzu, Japan, LC-10AT high performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu, Japan); an SPD-10A ultraviolet detector (Shimadzu, Japan) AE163 electronic balance (Mettler, Switzerland).
1.2 reagent adenosine cyclophosphate reference substance (batch No. 140709-; methanol was chromatographically pure and phosphoric acid was analytically pure.
2 methods and results
2.1 orthogonal Experimental design
Taking the extraction rate of the active component adenosine cyclophosphate as an index, and selecting an L9(34) orthogonal table to investigate the water adding amount, the decoction time and the decoction times. The factors and levels are shown in Table 1, and the experimental design and results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
2.2 sample determination
2.2.1 chromatographic conditions
A chromatographic column: agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (5 μm, 4.6X 250 mm); mobile phase: methanol 0.2% phosphoric acid (4.8: 95.2); flow rate: 1mL/min, detection wavelength: 259 nm; column temperature: and (4) room temperature.
2.2.2 preparation of sample solution according to the proportion of the formula, 240 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 100 parts of ginseng, 60 parts of liquorice and 48g of the three raw materials in total, decocting according to the conditions in the table 2, merging decoction, filtering, concentrating the filtrate and fixing the volume to 100mL to obtain 9 parts of sample solution.
2.2.3 preparation of control solutions
Accurately weighing appropriate amount of adenosine cyclophosphate control, and adding distilled water to obtain solution containing 36 μ g adenosine cyclophosphate per 1 mL.
2.2.4 preparation and measurement of test solutions
Precisely sucking 5mL of nine sample solutions under the item of 2.2.2, placing in a conical flask, adding 15mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking uniformly, adding 1g of neutral aluminum oxide, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, cooling, centrifuging (5000r/min, 4min), separating supernatant, washing residues and a container with 75% ethanol, centrifuging, combining the supernatant, evaporating to dryness, dissolving residues with distilled water, transferring to a 10mL measuring flask, adding distilled water to scale, shaking uniformly, filtering, and taking a subsequent filtrate to obtain a sample solution.
Precisely sucking 10 μ L of each of the reference solution and the sample solution, measuring and calculating adenosine cyclophosphate content and extraction rate under the condition of '2.2.1', and the measurement results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The test results show that the sequence of the influence of all factors on the water extraction effect is that C (decoction times) > A (water addition amount) > B (decoction time); the result of the anova shows that C (the extraction times) P is less than 0.05, and the significance is achieved; a (water addition amount) and B (decoction time) have no significance. From the practical viewpoint of production, in order to save labor hour and energy, the decocting process is preferably A2B2C2, i.e. 9 times of water is used for each extraction, and the decocting is carried out for 2 times and 2 hours each time.
2.3 Process verification experiments
240 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 100 parts of ginseng and 60 parts of liquorice are weighed according to the prescription and divided into 3 groups, repeated verification is carried out according to determined and optimized process conditions A2B2C2 (namely, 9 times of water is used for decoction for each extraction, 2 hours of decoction are carried out for each time, and 2 times of decoction are carried out for the total time), and the determination results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Through orthogonal experiment optimization and process verification, the optimal water extraction process parameters are determined as follows: taking the water extraction raw materials in the formula, adding 9 times of water, decocting for 2 hours each time, and decocting for 2 times in total. The process verification test is carried out for 3 times under the process condition, the extraction rate of adenosine cyclophosphate is more than 70%, and RSD is 1.98%, which shows that the optimal process condition is stable and reliable, and the method can be used for extracting the concentrated nutrient solution water extraction raw material of ginseng, rhizoma polygonati and liquorice.
Example 2
A method for extracting concentrated nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment processing of raw medicinal materials
1.1 the requirements of the selected medicinal materials are as follows:
ginseng: the dry goods and the root hair are in a strip shape or a bent shape. The surface cross section is yellow-white. Fragrant and sweet. Within 6 months from the original production time, the fertilizer has no powder, impurities, sulfur, bleaching, worm damage and mildew;
preparing rhizoma polygonati: dry goods, thoroughly prepared, no green sheets, about 2-5cm long straight sheets, 90% of whole sheets, less crushed materials, 6 months from the original production time, no sulfur, no bleaching, no worm damage, no mildew;
licorice root: the dry goods and straight pieces are about 2-5cm long, the whole piece is 90%, the crushed pieces are few, the time is 6 months from the original production, and the dry goods and straight pieces have no sulfur, bleaching, moth-eating and mildew.
1.2 pretreatment:
the medicinal materials are mixed and ground into powder according to a proportion, and the powder is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain coarse powder.
(2) Soaking raw materials
240 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 100 parts of ginseng and 60 parts of liquorice which are ground into coarse powder. Adding 3600 parts by weight of purified water, and soaking for 1-2 hours.
(3) Extraction of raw medicinal materials
Decocting at 90-98 deg.C for 2 hr under 80-100KPa, and filtering to obtain extractive solution. Extracting the residue for 2 times under the same operation condition, increasing extraction time by 0.5-1.5 hr, and mixing the extractive solutions.
(4) Filtering the raw medicinal materials
Extracting the combined extract from the first-stage extraction tank to the second-stage extraction tank, filtering the extract with 200-mesh frame-bound filter screen in the process of extracting the extract from the first-stage extraction tank to the second-stage extraction tank, and then extracting the extract from the second-stage extraction tank to the concentrator.
(5) Concentrating raw materials
Filtering the combined extract, injecting into a double-effect concentrator, and concentrating to 450 parts by weight, wherein the density of the concentrated solution is 1.1-1.3 g/ml.
(6) Sealing and sterilizing
Injecting the obtained concentrated solution into a container, cooling, sealing, and sterilizing.
(7) Packaging and inspection
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.