CN112655566A - Multilayer defense system applied to prevention and control of African swine fever - Google Patents
Multilayer defense system applied to prevention and control of African swine fever Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multilayer defense system applied to prevention and control of African swine fever, which comprises the following defense checkpoints, and site selection construction is carried out on a pig farm; a natural barrier and a self-built enclosing wall are used for enclosing a field area, and road cards are arranged at an entrance and an exit of the field area; prevention and control measures are taken for vehicles, personnel and materials entering from a piggery gate; taking prevention and control measures for people, materials and pigs entering from the production area entrance and exit, wherein the production area, the living area, the sewage area, the off-site area and the pig exit area are formed by physically separating the field area through a solid enclosing wall; insect prevention, mouse killing and disinfection work around the pigsty gate is well done, and a closed pig driving channel and a pig driving channel are arranged for physical separation; feeding pigs in the walkways and the railings by adopting mechanical automatic equipment and sterilizing the pigsty. According to the invention, multiple defense checkpoints are arranged to carry out isolation blocking, disinfection and layer-by-layer buffering, so that the risk of the swine fever is effectively reduced and weakened; thereby having good prevention and control effect on the swine fever.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of swine fever prevention and control, in particular to a multilayer defense system applied to African swine fever prevention and control.
Background
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a Swine disease caused by acute and very contagious filterable viruses with fever, and is characterized by short disease process but high mortality rate of 100 percent, and clinically, the sick pigs have fever, skin cyanosis, obvious bleeding of lymph nodes, kidney and gastrointestinal mucosa. At present, no effective vaccine or medicine is used for preventing African swine fever, and the coming of the African swine fever causes huge loss to the pig industry, the productivity of live pigs is seriously lost, the previous level is difficult to recover in 3-5 years, local breed loss is caused, and related industrial business is sharply reduced; because no effective vaccine and medicine are used for preventing and controlling African swine fever, the concept of traditional vaccine and medicine prevention and control of epidemic diseases is changed to a certain extent, and the biological safety defense is paid unprecedented attention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multilayer defense system and a system thereof, which are applied to prevention and control of African swine fever. According to the invention, multiple defense checkpoints are arranged to carry out isolation blocking, disinfection and layer-by-layer buffering, so that the risk of the swine fever is effectively reduced and weakened; thereby having good prevention and control effect on the swine fever.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multilayer defense system applied to prevention and control of African swine fever comprises the following defense checkpoints:
a first layer defense barrier: site selection and transformation are carried out on a pig farm, a transfer-out pig platform, a vehicle decontamination center, a personnel isolation center, an isolation field and a laboratory are arranged at a position 3KM away from the pig farm, and a route for a vehicle to enter the field is planned.
A second layer defense barrier: a natural barrier and a self-built enclosure wall are used for enclosing a field area, and road cards are arranged at an entrance and an exit of the field area to limit, prevent and control vehicles, people and animals; meanwhile, a decontamination point and an isolation center are arranged to disinfect and isolate vehicles and personnel entering and exiting the field area; setting a harmless treatment refrigeration house and a kitchen for dead pigs in a near field area; and to disinfect roads outside the near field area.
A third layer defense barrier: prevention and control measures are taken for entering vehicles, personnel and materials from a piggery gate; sterilizing the vehicle, conveying the materials into a material sterilizing room for sterilizing, and bathing, changing clothes and sterilizing by personnel;
a fourth layer defense checkpoint: taking prevention and control measures for people, materials and pigs entering from the production area entrance and exit, wherein the production area, the living area, the sewage area, the off-site area and the pig exit area are formed by physically separating the field area through a solid enclosing wall; the materials are transmitted into a production area through a transmission window, personnel change clothes and shoes and enter the production area, and a dead pig and a placenta processing port are arranged from the production area to a near field area; a pig manure treatment port is arranged from the production area to the sewage area; arranging a pig outlet room from the production area to the pig outlet area; a transfer material tower is arranged in the production area;
a fifth defense level: defense is performed on a pigsty gate; insect prevention, mouse killing and disinfection work around the pigsty gate is well done, and a closed pig driving channel and a pig driving channel are arranged for physical separation;
a sixth layer defense barrier: the automatic feeding device has the advantages that mechanical automatic equipment is adopted in the walkways and the railings to feed pigs, the piggeries are disinfected, insect and mouse prevention and killing work in the walkways and the railings is well done, operation is optimized, and contact between people and the pigs is reduced.
In the multilayer defense system applied to the prevention and control of the African swine fever, the measures of the first layer of defense checkpoint to the buffer defense area within the range of 3KM away from the pig farm field area are that vehicles and personnel in the buffer defense area are physically isolated from the pig farm field area by setting a natural barrier and a planning route; vehicles and personnel in the buffer defense area are disinfected and isolated by arranging a decontamination center and an isolation center.
In the multilayer defense system applied to the prevention and control of the African swine fever, the method for site selection and construction of the pig farm site area is that the selected positions meet the following requirements: no other pig farms exist within the range of 3km, and villages and residential areas are few; natural barriers such as lakes, rivers, mountain forests and the like are arranged at the periphery of the building; the water source is sanitary and sufficient and cannot be polluted, and underground water or tap water is used for supplying water to the pig farm area; the topography in the scene is higher than the off-site during building, avoids the contaminated water of off-site to flow into the pig farm field, and dry and not ponding, easy drainage.
In the multilayer defense system applied to the prevention and control of the African swine fever, in the fourth layer defense checkpoint, the pigs and the placenta which are dead in diseases in the production area can be thrown to a near field area through the pig and placenta treatment ports, a pig harmless treatment refrigeration house is arranged in the near field area, and the pigs, the placenta and the like which are dead in diseases are harmlessly treated by the pig harmless treatment refrigeration house.
In the multilayer defense system applied to the prevention and control of the African swine fever, in the third layer defense checkpoint, the method for feeding the substances into the material disinfection room for disinfection is to fumigate the substances for more than 2 hours by using ozone or bake the substances for more than 30 minutes at the temperature of 80 ℃ so as to realize the disinfection of the substances, and feed the disinfected substances into a warehouse for storage.
In the multilayer defense system applied to the prevention and control of the African swine fever, in the fourth layer of defense checkpoint, a pig manure treatment port is arranged between the production area and the sewage area, and pig manure in the production area is poured into the sewage area through the treatment port for treatment; and a pig outlet room is arranged between the production area and the pig outlet area, and pigs in the production area are driven into the pig outlet room to be discharged.
In the multilayer defense system applied to the prevention and control of the African swine fever, the success probability of the multilayer defense system is estimated through statistical analysis, and since the defense level of each layer is an independent event, the success probability of each defense level is assumed to be n1, n2... n 6;
the defense success rate of the multi-layer defense system is,
p (f) (1-n1) × (1-n2) × (1-n3) × (1-n4) × (1-n5) × (1-n6) the defense success rate of the multi-layer defense system is,
P(s)=1-P(f)。
in the multilayer defense system applied to the prevention and control of the African swine fever, a buffer zone is arranged between every two layers of defense gates, and disinfection and isolation prevention and control measures are taken for vehicles, personnel, materials and pigs entering and exiting from the entrance and exit of each layer of gate; while periodically sterilizing the buffer area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, multiple defense checkpoints are arranged to carry out isolation blocking, disinfection and layer-by-layer buffering, so that the risk of the swine fever is effectively reduced and weakened; thereby having good prevention and control effect on the swine fever, having the characteristic of good prevention effect, and having the advantages of easy implementation and convenient management. The detection shows that the probabilities of successful defense from the first layer defense level to the sixth layer defense level are 50%, 75%, 87.5%, 93.75%, 96.875% and 98.4375% respectively; from the result of estimating the success probability of the multilayer defense system, the greater the number of defense checkpoints, the higher the success probability of defense, but in the practical application process, the difficulty of management and the prevention and control cost can be greatly increased due to the increase of defense levels, so that the defense of 4-6 gates in a pig farm is good by combining with the practical conditions, and the estimation result shows that the success probability of defense by setting four defense checkpoints is 93.75%; setting the success probability of defense of the five-layer defense level to 96.875%; the defense success probability 98.4375% of the five-layer defense level is set, wherein the 3km range of most pig farms cannot realize management and control, so that the pig farms can realize the defense of 4-6 layers of defense levels, and if the defense success probability exceeds ninety percent, the pig farm has a good defense effect, and in the actual process, the defense success probability of each layer of defense level is 50% or can be implemented, the implementation difficulty and the management difficulty are not large, and the pig farm meets the actual production requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a table of success probability calculations for a multi-layered defense system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example (b): a multi-layer defense system applied to the prevention and control of African swine fever is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following defense checkpoints:
a first layer defense barrier: site selection and transformation are carried out on a pig farm, defense function facilities such as a transfer-out pig platform, a vehicle decontamination center, a personnel isolation center, an isolation yard, a laboratory and the like are arranged at a position 3KM away from the pig farm, and a route for a vehicle to enter the field area is planned; the first layer of defense barrier takes the measures of physically isolating vehicles and personnel in the buffer defense area from the pig farm field area within the range of 3KM away from the pig farm field area by setting a natural barrier and a planning route; vehicles and personnel in the buffer defense area are disinfected and isolated by arranging a decontamination center and an isolation center.
The method for constructing the site selection of the pig farm field area comprises the following steps: no other pig farms exist within the range of 3km, and villages/residential areas are few; natural barriers such as lakes, rivers, mountain forests and the like are arranged at the periphery of the building; the water source is sanitary and sufficient and cannot be polluted, and underground water or tap water is used for supplying water to the pig farm area; the topography in the scene is higher than the off-site during building, avoids the contaminated water of off-site to flow into the pig farm field, and dry and not ponding, easy drainage.
A second layer defense barrier: a natural barrier and a self-built enclosure wall are used for enclosing a field area, and road cards are arranged at an entrance and an exit of the field area to limit, prevent and control vehicles, people and animals; meanwhile, a decontamination point and an isolation center are arranged to disinfect and isolate vehicles and personnel entering and exiting the field area; setting a harmless treatment refrigeration house and a kitchen for dead pigs in a near field area; and disinfecting the road outside the near field area; wherein the natural barrier refers to a natural geographical barrier of lakes, rivers, mountain forests and the like around the field.
The third layer of defense barrier takes prevention and control measures on vehicles, personnel and materials entering from the piggery gate; sterilizing the vehicle, conveying the materials into a material sterilizing room for sterilizing, and bathing, changing clothes and sterilizing by personnel; in the third layer of defense checkpoint, the method for feeding the substances into the material disinfection room for disinfection is to fumigate the substances for more than 2 hours by using ozone or bake the substances for more than 30 minutes at the temperature of 80 ℃ so as to realize the disinfection of the substances, and feed the disinfected substances into a warehouse for storage. All personnel entering the field can enter the living area only by showering, changing clothes and changing shoes. The prepared meal can be poured into tableware in the field through the delivery window, and can also be dried for more than 30 minutes in the field through an oven (double doors) at the temperature of 80 ℃.
A fourth layer defense checkpoint: taking prevention and control measures for people, materials and pigs entering from the production area entrance and exit, wherein the production area, the living area, the sewage area, the off-site area and the pig exit area are formed by physically separating the field area through a solid enclosing wall; the materials are transmitted into a production area through a transmission window, personnel change clothes and shoes and enter the production area, and a dead pig and a placenta processing port are arranged from the production area to a near field area; a pig manure treatment port is arranged from the production area to the sewage area; arranging a pig outlet room from the production area to the pig outlet area; the production area is provided with a transfer material tower.
The pigs and the placenta which are died of diseases in the production area can be thrown to a near field area through the pig and placenta treatment ports which are died of diseases, the harmless treatment refrigeration house for the pigs which are died of diseases is arranged in the near field area, and the harmless treatment refrigeration house for the pigs which are died of diseases is utilized to carry out harmless treatment on the pigs which are died of diseases, the placenta and the like.
A pig manure treatment port is arranged between the production area and the sewage area, and pig manure in the production area is poured into the sewage area through the treatment port for treatment; and a pig outlet room is arranged between the production area and the pig outlet area, and pigs in the production area are driven into the pig outlet room to be discharged.
A fifth defense level: defense is performed on a pigsty gate; insect prevention, mouse killing and disinfection work around a pigsty gate is well done, a closed pigsty driving channel and a pigsty driving corridor are arranged for physical separation, the pigsty is an integral area, and the transfer of personnel, pigs and materials is realized through the pigsty, a pigsty connecting corridor and the pigsty driving channel;
a sixth layer defense barrier: the feeding of the pigs is carried out in the walkways and the fences by adopting mechanical automatic equipment, the operation is optimized, the direct or indirect contact between people and the pigs, between the pigs and tools and between the pigs is reduced, the piggery is disinfected, and the insect and mouse prevention work in the walkways and the fences is well carried out.
A buffer area is arranged between every two layers of defense barriers, and disinfection and isolation prevention and control measures are taken for vehicles, personnel, materials and pigs entering and exiting from the entrance and exit of each layer of barrier; while periodically sterilizing the buffer area.
Estimating the success probability of a multi-layer defense system through statistical analysis, wherein the success probability of each defense level is assumed to be n1, n2... n6 respectively because each defense level of each layer is an independent event;
the defense success rate of the multi-layer defense system is,
p (f) (1-n1) × (1-n2) × (1-n3) × (1-n4) × (1-n5) × (1-n6) the defense success rate of the multi-layer defense system is,
P(s)=1-P(f)。
as shown in fig. 2, assuming that the probability of success of defense of each defense level is 50%, the success rate of defense of the multi-layer defense system is 98.4375%, and the probabilities of success of defense from the first defense level to the sixth defense level are 50%, 75%, 87.5%, 93.75%, 96.875%, and 98.4375%, respectively. From the result of estimating the success probability of the multilayer defense system, the greater the number of defense checkpoints, the higher the success probability of defense, but in the practical application process, the difficulty of management and the prevention and control cost can be greatly increased due to the increase of defense levels, so that the defense of 4-6 gates in a pig farm is good by combining with the practical conditions, and the estimation result shows that the success probability of defense by setting four defense checkpoints is 93.75%; setting the success probability of defense of the five-layer defense level to 96.875%; the defense success probability 98.4375% of the five-layer defense level is set, wherein the 3km range of most pig farms cannot realize management and control, so that the pig farms can realize the defense of 4-6 layers of defense levels, and if the defense success probability exceeds ninety percent, the pig farm has a good defense effect, and in the actual process, the defense success probability of each layer of defense level is 50% or can be implemented, the implementation difficulty and the management difficulty are not large, and the pig farm meets the actual production requirements. In addition, the success probability of each layer of defense is 80%, the overall defense success probability of the multilayer defense system containing six layers of defense stages is 99.9936%, and the two are not very different.
Furthermore, in order to increase the defense success probability of the multilayer defense system, the defense success probability can be increased by keeping away from the core area and reducing the circulation/contact frequency, because the circulation/contact frequency is high, the risk is more frequently contacted, and the defense success probability is lower. In particular, high-risk people, objects and vehicles are far away from the production area of our core area as far as possible, and the circulation/contact with the high-risk people, objects and vehicles is reduced. And finally, circulation/contact frequency can be reduced by batch production, pig centralized sale, centralized purchase and other modes, so that the defense success probability of a multilayer defense system is improved.
Claims (8)
1. A multilayer defense system applied to prevention and control of African swine fever is characterized in that: including several defense barriers:
a first layer defense barrier: site selection and transformation are carried out on a pig farm, a transfer-out pig platform, a vehicle decontamination center, a personnel isolation center, an isolation field and a laboratory are arranged at a position 3KM away from the pig farm, and a route for a vehicle to enter the field is planned.
A second layer defense barrier: a natural barrier and a self-built enclosure wall are used for enclosing a field area, and road cards are arranged at an entrance and an exit of the field area to limit, prevent and control vehicles, people and animals; meanwhile, a decontamination point and an isolation center are arranged to disinfect and isolate vehicles and personnel entering and exiting the field area; setting a harmless treatment refrigeration house and a kitchen for dead pigs in a near field area; and to disinfect roads outside the near field area.
A third layer defense barrier: prevention and control measures are taken for entering vehicles, personnel and materials from a piggery gate; sterilizing the vehicle, conveying the materials into a material sterilizing room for sterilizing, and bathing, changing clothes and sterilizing by personnel;
a fourth layer defense checkpoint: taking prevention and control measures for people, materials and pigs entering from the production area entrance and exit, wherein the production area, the living area, the sewage area, the off-site area and the pig exit area are formed by physically separating the field area through a solid enclosing wall; the materials are transmitted into a production area through a transmission window, personnel change clothes and shoes and enter the production area, and a dead pig and a placenta processing port are arranged from the production area to a near field area; a pig manure treatment port is arranged from the production area to the sewage area; arranging a pig outlet room from the production area to the pig outlet area; a transfer material tower is arranged in the production area;
a fifth defense level: defense is performed on a pigsty gate; insect prevention, mouse killing and disinfection work around the pigsty gate is well done, and a closed pig driving channel and a pig driving channel are arranged for physical separation;
a sixth layer defense barrier: the automatic feeding device has the advantages that mechanical automatic equipment is adopted in the walkways and the railings to feed pigs, the piggeries are disinfected, insect and mouse prevention and killing work in the walkways and the railings is well done, operation is optimized, and contact between people and the pigs is reduced.
2. The multi-layered defense system for controlling African swine fever according to claim 1, wherein: the first layer of defense barrier takes the measures of physically isolating vehicles and personnel in the buffer defense area from the pig farm field area within the range of 3KM away from the pig farm field area by setting a natural barrier and a planning route; vehicles and personnel in the buffer defense area are disinfected and isolated by arranging a decontamination center and an isolation center.
3. The multi-layered defense system for controlling African swine fever according to claim 1, wherein: the method for constructing the site selection of the pig farm field area comprises the following steps: no other pig farms exist within the range of 3km, and villages and residential areas are few; natural barriers such as lakes, rivers, mountain forests and the like are arranged at the periphery of the building; the water source is sanitary and sufficient and cannot be polluted, and underground water or tap water is used for supplying water to the pig farm area; the topography in the scene is higher than the off-site during building, avoids the contaminated water of off-site to flow into the pig farm field, and dry and not ponding, easy drainage.
4. The multi-layered defense system for controlling African swine fever according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth layer of defense checkpoint, the pigs and the placenta which are died of diseases in the production area can be thrown to the near field area through the pig and placenta treatment ports which are died of diseases, a pig harmless treatment refrigeration house is arranged in the near field area, and the pigs, the placenta and the like which are died of diseases are harmlessly treated by the pig harmless treatment refrigeration house.
5. The multi-layered defense system for controlling African swine fever according to claim 1, wherein: in the third layer of defense checkpoint, the method for feeding the substances into the material disinfection room for disinfection is to fumigate the substances for more than 2 hours by using ozone or bake the substances for more than 30 minutes at the temperature of 80 ℃ so as to realize the disinfection of the substances, and feed the disinfected substances into a warehouse for storage.
6. The multi-layered defense system for controlling African swine fever according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth layer of defense checkpoint, a pig manure treatment port is arranged between the production area and the sewage area, and pig manure in the production area is poured into the sewage area through the treatment port for treatment; and a pig outlet room is arranged between the production area and the pig outlet area, and pigs in the production area are driven into the pig outlet room to be discharged.
7. The multi-layered defense system for controlling African swine fever according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: estimating the success probability of a multi-layer defense system through statistical analysis, wherein the success probability of each defense level is assumed to be n1, n2... n6 respectively because each defense level of each layer is an independent event;
the defense success rate of the multi-layer defense system is,
p (f) (1-n1) × (1-n2) × (1-n3) × (1-n4) × (1-n5) × (1-n6) the defense success rate of the multi-layer defense system is,
P(s)=1-P(f)。
8. the multi-layered defense system for controlling African swine fever according to claim 1, wherein: a buffer area is arranged between every two layers of defense barriers, and disinfection and isolation prevention and control measures are taken for vehicles, personnel, materials and pigs entering and exiting from the entrance and exit of each layer of barrier; while periodically sterilizing the buffer area.
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