CN112652760B - Battery positive electrode material precursor, battery positive electrode material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Battery positive electrode material precursor, battery positive electrode material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112652760B
CN112652760B CN201910959857.9A CN201910959857A CN112652760B CN 112652760 B CN112652760 B CN 112652760B CN 201910959857 A CN201910959857 A CN 201910959857A CN 112652760 B CN112652760 B CN 112652760B
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source
metal
solution
precursor
positive electrode
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CN112652760A (en
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张同宝
高焕新
朱烨
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of batteries, and discloses a battery anode material precursor, a battery anode material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method of the battery anode material precursor comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a metal source, a precipitating agent and a solvent; (2) performing high-temperature conversion on the material obtained by mixing in the step (1), wherein the temperature of the high-temperature conversion is 145-300 ℃; (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the material obtained by high-temperature conversion in the step (2); wherein the metal source comprises at least one of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, and an aluminum source. The preparation method of the precursor of the battery anode material provided by the invention is simple in process operation, green and environment-friendly, and the prepared precursor of the battery anode material has a complete crystal structure, and has higher specific discharge capacity when being used in a lithium ion battery.

Description

Battery positive electrode material precursor, battery positive electrode material, preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery positive electrode material precursor, a battery positive electrode material, a preparation method and an application thereof.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high output voltage, small self-discharge, excellent cycle performance, no memory effect and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of portable electronic products, electric tools, electric automobiles and the like. In particular, in recent years, new energy vehicles released by governments are upgraded continuously, and explosive development of power lithium ion batteries is promoted.
The anode material is a key core component of the lithium ion battery, not only determines key core indexes such as energy density of the lithium ion battery, but also accounts for about 40% of the cost of the whole battery. With the continuous improvement of the requirement of people on the endurance mileage of electric vehicles, ternary cathode materials with higher energy density gradually become mainstream cathode materials for passenger vehicles.
The current methods for synthesizing the ternary cathode material comprise a high-temperature solid phase method, a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method, a spray drying method, a combustion method and the like. The preparation method mainly adopts the industrial production method that precursor materials are prepared by a coprecipitation method and then react with lithium salts through high-temperature solid phase reaction to synthesize the ternary cathode material. The coprecipitation method can obtain a precursor material with good sphericity and high tap density by regulating and controlling process parameters, and can realize the uniform mixing degree of metal element components in the precursor at the atomic level.
The preparation of precursor by coprecipitation is generally carried out by dropping a mixed solution of metal salts, a complexing agent and a precipitant into a reaction vessel in parallel and slowly according to a certain proportion for reaction until the size of the precursor reaches a preset value, for example, patent application CN107915263A discloses a method for preparing a ternary anode material precursor by coprecipitation, wherein a mixed solution of nickel, cobalt and manganese is used as a raw material, a special reaction base solution is added into the reaction vessel in advance, a metal salt solution, ammonia water as a complexing agent and sodium hydroxide as a precipitant are added into the reaction vessel in parallel according to a stoichiometric ratio, the temperature is controlled at 20-60 ℃, the pH is controlled at 11-12, the rotation speed is 200-fold at 500r/min, and the whole reaction is carried out in N 2 Under the protection, the precursor material with the size of 3.5-4.0 μm is obtained. The disclosed process has the defects of large pollution, large difficulty in controlling the process and poor integrity of the crystal structure of the precursor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of high pollution, high difficulty in controlling the technological process and poor integrity of the crystal structure of a precursor of a positive electrode material in the prior art, and provides a precursor of the positive electrode material of a battery, a preparation method and application thereof, and the positive electrode material of the battery, the preparation method and the application thereof. The preparation method of the precursor of the battery anode material provided by the invention is simple in process operation, green and environment-friendly, and the prepared precursor of the battery anode material has a complete crystal structure, and has higher specific discharge capacity when being used in a lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a precursor of a battery positive electrode material, the method comprising:
(1) mixing a metal source, a precipitating agent and a solvent;
(2) performing high-temperature conversion on the material obtained by mixing in the step (1), wherein the temperature of the high-temperature conversion is 145-300 ℃;
(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the material obtained by high-temperature conversion in the step (2);
wherein the metal source comprises at least one of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, and an aluminum source.
Preferably, the mixing of step (1) comprises:
a) preparing a metal source solution and a precipitator solution;
b) the metal source solution is mixed with the precipitant solution.
Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature conversion is 145-260 ℃, and further preferably 160-200 ℃.
Preferably, the pumping speed of the metal source solution is 50-200mL/min, preferably 80-150mL/min based on 1L of the total amount of the metal source solution;
preferably, the pumping rate of the precipitant solution is 50 to 200mL/min, preferably 80 to 150mL/min, based on 1L of the total amount of the precipitant solution.
The invention also provides a battery anode material precursor prepared by the preparation method.
The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a battery positive electrode material, comprising: and mixing the battery positive electrode material precursor with a lithium source, and then roasting.
The invention provides a battery anode material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the battery anode material precursor and an application of the battery anode material precursor in a lithium ion battery.
The inventor of the invention finds that when the anode material precursor is prepared by the existing coprecipitation method, the flow rates of the metal salt mixed solution, the complexing agent and the precipitant need to be accurately regulated and controlled in real time by a special metering device, the control difficulty of the process is very high, the fluctuation of the technological process can cause poor sphericity and poor tap density of the material, in addition, the problem that the nucleation and growth processes of the material can be controlled only by being slow enough in the dropping process exists, and the efficiency is very low. In addition, the complexing agent ammonia water is required to be synchronously dripped in the whole reaction process for preparing the precursor of the cathode material by the existing coprecipitation method, a large amount of high-concentration ammonium-containing wastewater is generated, and the environmental protection risk in the reaction process is increased. By adopting the method provided by the invention, a high-temperature conversion step is adopted, a complexing agent is not required to be added, the flow rates of a metal salt mixed solution and a precipitating agent are not required to be controlled particularly, and a battery anode material precursor with good crystal structure integrity and good sphericity can be obtained under the condition of not using the complexing agent.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple process operation and environmental protection, the prepared precursor of the battery anode material has good crystal structure integrity and good sphericity, the battery anode material is synthesized through a high-temperature solid-phase reaction and applied to a lithium ion battery, and the discharge capacity can reach 192.4mAh/g at the multiplying power of 0.1C.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a ternary cathode material precursor S-1 prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of a precursor S-1 of the ternary cathode material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a charge-discharge curve of a lithium ion battery assembled by the ternary cathode material of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a preparation method of a precursor of a battery positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a metal source, a precipitating agent and a solvent;
(2) performing high-temperature conversion on the material obtained by mixing in the step (1), wherein the temperature of the high-temperature conversion is 145-300 ℃;
(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the material obtained by high-temperature conversion in the step (2);
wherein the metal source comprises at least one of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, and an aluminum source.
According to the invention, the solvent is preferably water.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing of step (1) comprises:
a) preparing a metal source solution and a precipitator solution;
b) the metal source solution is mixed with the precipitant solution. According to the preferred embodiment, the metal source solution and the precipitator solution do not need to be added in a parallel flow manner, and the defects that in the prior art, the metal source solution, the precipitator solution and the complexing agent need to be accurately regulated and controlled in real time by special metering devices, the process is difficult to control, and the sphericity and the tap density of the material are poor due to fluctuation of the technological process are overcome.
According to the preparation method provided by the invention, no complexing agent is added in the mixing process.
Preferably, the mixing is carried out under stirring conditions, and further preferably, the stirring rate is from 50 to 1200r/min, more preferably 400-1000r/min, such as 400r/min, 500r/min, 600r/min, 700r/min, 800r/min, 900r/min, 1000r/min, and any value within the range of any two of these values.
Specifically, the mixing may be performed by introducing the metal source solution and the precipitant solution into the reaction kettle separately, or simultaneously, and the stirring may be performed in the reaction kettle. Preferably, the mixing comprises: and simultaneously pumping the metal source solution and the precipitator solution into the reaction kettle by adopting a metering pump.
Preferably, the concentration of the metal source solution is 0.01 to 5mol/L, more preferably 0.5 to 3mol/L, and still more preferably 1 to 2mol/L, in terms of the metal element.
Preferably, the concentration of the precipitant solution is 0.02 to 10mol/L, more preferably 1 to 6mol/L, and still more preferably 4 to 6 mol/L.
According to the present invention, the pumping speed of the metal source solution and the precipitant solution is selected in a wide range, and in order to further improve the production efficiency, it is preferable that the pumping speed of the metal source solution is 50 to 200mL/min, preferably 80 to 150mL/min, based on 1L of the total amount of the metal source solution. Preferably, the pumping rate of the precipitant solution is 50 to 200mL/min, preferably 80 to 150mL/min, based on 1L of the total amount of the precipitant solution. It should be noted that, in the invention, the total amount of 1L of the metal source solution is taken as a reference, the pumping speed of the metal source solution is 50-200mL/min, which means that when the total amount of the metal source solution is 1L, the pumping speed of the metal source solution is 50-200mL/min, and correspondingly, when the total amount of the metal source solution is 0.5L, the pumping speed of the metal source solution is 25-100 mL/min; correspondingly, when the total amount of the metal source solution is 5L, the pumping speed of the metal source solution is 250-1000 mL/min. The method provided by the invention can realize the rapid mixing of the metal source solution and the precipitant solution.
The specific types of the nickel source, the cobalt source, the manganese source and the aluminum source are selected from a wide range, and can be respectively and independently various nickel sources, cobalt sources, manganese sources and aluminum sources which are conventionally used in the field. Preferably, the nickel source, the cobalt source, the manganese source and the aluminum source are each independently selected from at least one of a sulfate, a nitrate, an acetate and an oxalate of a metal. For example, the nickel source may be at least one of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel oxalate, and nickel chloride; the cobalt source can be at least one of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate and cobalt sulfate; the manganese source can be at least one of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate and manganese chloride; the aluminum source may be at least one of aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum acetate, and aluminum sulfate.
Those skilled in the art can select appropriate metal sources according to the use scenario of the battery, for example, one, two, three, and four of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, and an aluminum source can be selected.
Preferably, the metal source comprises at least two of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source and an aluminum source, more preferably at least three of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source and an aluminum source. In the research process, the inventor finds that the precursor obtained by adopting at least three of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source and an aluminum source as metal sources is used in the lithium ion battery, and is more favorable for improving the discharge specific capacity of the lithium ion battery. Further preferably, the metal sources are a nickel source, a cobalt source and a manganese source, or the metal sources are a nickel source, a cobalt source and an aluminum source.
The amount of the nickel source, the cobalt source, the manganese source and the aluminum source is selected from a wide range, preferably, the molar content of the nickel source in terms of metal elements is 5 to 95%, the molar content of the cobalt source in terms of metal elements is 5 to 95%, the molar content of the manganese source in terms of metal elements is 0 to 90%, and the molar content of the aluminum source in terms of metal elements is 0 to 90%, based on the total molar amount of the metal sources in terms of metal elements, and preferably, the molar content of the aluminum source and the molar content of the manganese source are not zero at the same time.
Further preferably, the molar content of the nickel source in terms of the metal element is 30 to 90%, the molar content of the cobalt source in terms of the metal element is 5 to 35%, and the molar content of the manganese source in terms of the metal element is 5 to 35%, based on the total molar amount of the metal source in terms of the metal element. In this preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of the nickel source, the cobalt source, and the manganese source is not particularly limited, but the molar ratio of the nickel source, the cobalt source, and the manganese source is preferably 1:1:1, 5:2:3, 6:2:2, 8:1:1, 9:0.5:0.5, and any value in the range of any two of these values, in terms of the metal element.
Further preferably, the molar content of the nickel source in terms of the metal element is 30 to 90%, the molar content of the cobalt source in terms of the metal element is 5 to 35%, and the molar content of the aluminum source in terms of the metal element is 5 to 35%, based on the total molar amount of the metal source in terms of the metal element. In this preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of the nickel source, the cobalt source, and the aluminum source is not particularly limited, but the molar ratio of the nickel source, the cobalt source, and the aluminum source is preferably any value in the range of 1:1:1, 5:2:3, 6:2:2, 8:1:1, 9:0.5:0.5, and any two of these values, in terms of the metal element.
According to the present invention, preferably, the precipitant is a basic precipitant, and more preferably a strongly basic precipitant. Preferably, the precipitant is at least one of NaOH, KOH, and LiOH. The precipitant may be introduced in the form of a solid or in the form of a solution. Preferably the precipitating agent is introduced in the form of a solution. When the precipitant is in the form of a solution, the concentration of the precipitant solution is as described above, and will not be described herein again.
According to the present invention, preferably, the mixing in step (1) is carried out under the condition of introducing an inert gas. The use of such a preferred embodiment is advantageous in preventing oxidation of the metal element. The inert gas includes, but is not limited to, nitrogen, neon, or argon.
According to the present invention, the amount of the precipitant is appropriately selected depending on the amount of the metal source. Preferably, the molar ratio of the precipitant to the metal source, calculated as the metal element, is from 0.5 to 6: 1, more preferably 1 to 2.5: 1.
according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the high temperature conversion is carried out under closed conditions.
According to the present invention, the high temperature conversion temperature is 145-300 deg.C, such as 145 deg.C, 150 deg.C, 160 deg.C, 170 deg.C, 180 deg.C, 200 deg.C, 220 deg.C, 240 deg.C, 260 deg.C, 280 deg.C, 300 deg.C, and any value within the range of any two of these values. Preferably 145-260 deg.C, and more preferably 160-200 deg.C. With the adoption of the preferred mode, the rapid conversion of the amorphous product to the spherical ternary precursor can be realized.
The temperature rise rate in the temperature rise process of raising the temperature to the high-temperature conversion temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 ℃/min, for example, 0.5 ℃/min, 1 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, or any value in the range of any two of these values.
According to the invention, the high temperature conversion time is preferably 0.5 to 120h, for example 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 5h, 10h, 15h, 20h, 25h, 30h, 35h, 40h, 45h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, and any value in the range of any two of these values. Further preferably, the high temperature conversion time is 10 to 50 hours, and still more preferably 10 to 48 hours.
According to the invention, the preparation method specifically further comprises cooling the material obtained by high-temperature conversion in the step (2) before the solid-liquid separation, and then carrying out the solid-liquid separation. The cooling method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, natural cooling, chilling, and programmed cooling.
The cooling rate of the present invention can be selected within a wide range of 0.5 to 10 ℃/min, for example, 0.5 ℃/min, 1 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, and any value within a range defined by any two of these values.
According to the present invention, the solid-liquid separation in the step (3) is not particularly limited as long as the produced precursor is separated, and for example, a filtration method may be employed. Specifically, the method provided by the invention can further comprise the step of optionally washing and drying the solid obtained by filtering to obtain the battery cathode material precursor. Specifically, the drying is vacuum drying. The present invention has a wide selection range of drying conditions, such as: the temperature is 70-150 ℃ and the time is 4-16 h.
The invention also provides a battery anode material precursor prepared by the preparation method. The precursor of the battery anode material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has a complete crystal structure and good sphericity.
The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a battery positive electrode material, comprising: and mixing the battery positive electrode material precursor with a lithium source, and then roasting.
According to the method provided by the invention, the specific manner of mixing the battery cathode material precursor with the lithium source is not particularly limited, and examples include but are not limited to ball milling, shearing, grinding, mixing and the like.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the lithium source to the battery positive electrode material precursor, calculated as the metal element, is 0.9-1.2:1, such as 0.9, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, 1.20, and any value in the range of any two of these values.
The lithium source in the present invention may be a lithium salt, and is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium nitrate, lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium acetate.
According to the present invention, preferably, the conditions of the firing include: under the oxygen-containing atmosphere, the temperature is 500-1000 ℃, and the time is 4-48 h. For example, the temperature is 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 600 ℃, 650 ℃, 700 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1000 ℃, and any value in the range of any two of these values. For example, the time is 4h, 8h, 12h, 16h, 20h, 24h, 28h, 32h, 36h, 40h, 44h, 48h, and any value in the range of any two of these values.
The oxygen-containing atmosphere may be pure oxygen, air, or a mixture of oxygen and other inert atmosphere, preferably pure oxygen atmosphere.
According to the present invention, preferably, the method for preparing the battery cathode material further comprises: and pre-burning the mixed product before roasting. Further preferably, the burn-in conditions include: under the air atmosphere, the temperature is 300-600 ℃, and the time is 1-10 h.
According to the method of the present invention, the temperature increase rate in the temperature increase process of increasing the temperature to the temperature for the baking and the pre-firing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 ℃/min, for example, 0.5 ℃/min, 1 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, or any value in the range of any two of these values.
The invention provides a battery anode material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the battery anode material precursor and an application of the battery anode material precursor in a lithium ion battery.
On the basis of the above disclosure, a person skilled in the art can know how to apply the above battery cathode material precursor or the above battery cathode material to a lithium ion battery.
According to the application provided by the invention, the battery positive electrode material, the conductive agent and the binder are mixed, coated and sliced to be used as the battery positive electrode. The conductive agent and the adhesive can be various conductive agents and adhesives conventionally used in the field, and the description of the invention is omitted. The amount of the conductive agent and the binder may be the amount conventionally used in the art, for example, the mass content of the positive electrode material may be 50 to 98%, the mass content of the conductive agent may be 1 to 25%, and the mass content of the binder may be 1 to 25% based on the total amount of the positive electrode.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) were obtained by scanning electron microscopy of ZEISS Merlin model, ZEISS company, germany. The XRD pattern was measured by an X-ray diffractometer model D8 Advance SS from Bruker, Germany.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the nickel source was nickel sulfate hexahydrate; the cobalt source is cobalt sulfate heptahydrate; the manganese source is manganese sulfate monohydrate; the aluminum source is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate.
Example 1
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
(1) preparing 800mL of mixed metal solution with the molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese being 8:1:1, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 800mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 4mol/L is prepared. The mixed metal solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are rapidly pumped into a 2L reaction kettle by a metering pump at the flow rate of 100mL/min, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 500r/min, and nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the reaction kettle. Finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 8min to obtain reaction slurry. And then sealing the reaction kettle.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 150 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 24 hours. And then naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the precursor S-1 of the ternary cathode material.
An SEM image of the precursor S-1 of the ternary cathode material is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the precursor of the ternary cathode material with good sphericity and size of 10 microns can be obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention. The XRD pattern of the precursor S-1 of the ternary cathode material is shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, the precursor of the ternary cathode material with a complete crystal structure can be prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the precursor of the ternary cathode material, and adding 4.68g of LiOH & H 2 And O, under the condition that the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) is 1.03:1, pre-sintering for 4h at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere after ball milling, and then roasting for 12h at 800 ℃ in a pure oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
taking 10g of the ternary cathode material, adding 1.25g of acetylene black and 12.5g of 10% polyvinylidene fluoride solution, uniformly mixing, coating, slicing and filling into a glove box to form a lithium ion battery, wherein a lithium sheet is a counter electrode, and 1mol/L LiF 6 The EC-DMC (volume ratio 1: 1) is used as electrolyte, and a charge-discharge test is carried out at a multiplying power of 0.1C, the charge-discharge curve is shown in figure 3, and the specific discharge capacity is 192.4 mAh/g.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 mainly in the preparation process of the precursor
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
(1) preparing 800mL of mixed metal solution with the molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese being 8:1:1, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 800mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 4mol/L is prepared. 800mL of 2mol/L ammonia solution was prepared. And synchronously dropwise adding the three materials into a reaction kettle in a nitrogen reaction atmosphere, wherein the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 500r/min, the material dropwise adding time is 24h, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor D-1 of the ternary cathode material.
The process has the advantages of large ammonia water consumption, large process pollution, strict control of the concentration and flow rate of three dropwise added materials in the whole process of the dropwise adding process, and high difficulty in controlling the technological process.
The ternary cathode material precursor D-1 is prepared into a ternary cathode material according to the preparation method of the cathode material in the embodiment 1, and the electrochemical performance test of the lithium ion battery is carried out according to the method described in the embodiment 1, and the result shows that the discharge specific capacity is 192mAh/g when the charge-discharge test is carried out at the multiplying power of 0.1C.
Comparative example 2
According to the method of example 1, except that, in the preparation of the precursor of the positive electrode material, the temperature of the reaction vessel was increased to 100 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min in the step (2), and the reaction was carried out for 24 hours. The lithium ion battery was assembled and tested for electrochemical performance as described in example 1, and the discharge capacity was 174.6mAh/g at 0.1C.
Example 2
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
(1) preparing 800mL of mixed metal solution with the molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese of 5:2:3, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 800mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 4mol/L is prepared. The mixed metal solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are rapidly pumped into a 2L reaction kettle by a metering pump at the flow rate of 100mL/min, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 600r/min, and nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the reaction kettle. Finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 8min to obtain reaction slurry. And then sealing the reaction kettle.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 180 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 12 h. And naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the precursor S-2 of the ternary cathode material.
The SEM image of the ternary cathode material precursor S-2 is similar to fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the ternary cathode material precursor S-2 is similar to that of fig. 2.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the ternary cathode material precursor, and adding 4.81g of LiOH & H 2 O, the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) is 1.05:1, the ball milling is carried out, the pre-sintering is carried out for 4h at 500 ℃ in the air atmosphere, and the roasting is carried out at 900 ℃ in the pure oxygen atmosphereAnd (5) obtaining the ternary cathode material after 12 h.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
the lithium ion battery is assembled by adopting the ternary cathode material according to the method described in the embodiment 1 and an electrochemical performance test is carried out, and the discharge capacity at 0.1C multiplying power is 170.4 mAh/g.
Example 3
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
(1) preparing 1000mL of mixed metal solution with the molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese of 6:2:2, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 1 mol/L. 500mL of a 4mol/L sodium hydroxide solution was prepared. The mixed metal solution is rapidly pumped into a 2L reaction kettle by a metering pump at the flow rate of 100mL/min and the flow rate of 50mL/min, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 800r/min, and nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the reaction kettle. And finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 10min to obtain the reaction slurry. And then sealing the reaction kettle.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 170 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 15 h. And then naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor S-3 of the ternary cathode material.
The SEM image of the ternary cathode material precursor S-3 is similar to fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the ternary cathode material precursor S-3 is similar to that of fig. 2.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the ternary cathode material precursor, and adding 4.79g of LiOH & H 2 And O, under the condition that the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) is 1.05:1, pre-sintering for 4h at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere after ball milling, and then roasting for 12h at 850 ℃ in a pure oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
the lithium ion battery is assembled by adopting the ternary cathode material according to the method described in the embodiment 1 and an electrochemical performance test is carried out, and the discharge capacity is 180.6mAh/g at 0.1C multiplying power.
Example 4
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
(1) 1200mL of mixed metal solution with a molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese of 8:1:1 is prepared, and the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 400mL of 6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution was prepared. The mixed metal solution is rapidly pumped into a 2L reaction kettle by a metering pump at the flow rate of 99mL/min and the flow rate of 33mL/min, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 1000r/min, and nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the reaction kettle. And finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 12min to obtain reaction slurry. And then sealing the reaction kettle.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 160 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 10 h. And naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor S-4 of the ternary cathode material.
The SEM image of the ternary cathode material precursor S-4 is similar to fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the ternary cathode material precursor S-4 is similar to that of fig. 2.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the precursor of the ternary cathode material, and adding 4.77g of LiOH & H 2 And O, under the condition that the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) is 1.05:1, pre-sintering for 4h at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere after ball milling, and then roasting for 12h at 800 ℃ in a pure oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
the lithium ion battery is assembled by adopting the ternary cathode material according to the method described in the embodiment 1 and an electrochemical performance test is carried out, and the discharge capacity is 191.2mAh/g at 0.1C multiplying power.
Example 5
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
preparing 800mL of mixed metal solution with the molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese being 1:1:1, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 800mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 4mol/L is prepared. The mixed metal solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are rapidly pumped into a 2L reaction kettle by a metering pump at the flow rate of 100mL/min, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 500r/min, and nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the reaction kettle. Finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 8min to obtain reaction slurry. And then sealing the reaction kettle.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 145 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 24 hours. And naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the precursor S-5 of the ternary cathode material.
The SEM image of the ternary cathode material precursor S-5 is similar to fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the ternary cathode material precursor S-5 is similar to that of fig. 2.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the ternary cathode material precursor, and adding 4.72g of LiOH & H 2 And O, under the condition that the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) is 1.03:1, pre-sintering for 4h at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere after ball milling, and then roasting for 12h at 900 ℃ in a pure oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
the lithium ion battery is assembled by adopting the ternary cathode material according to the method described in the embodiment 1 and an electrochemical performance test is carried out, and the discharge capacity is 150.3mAh/g at 0.1C multiplying power.
Example 6
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
preparing 800mL of mixed metal solution with the molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese of 5:2:3, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 800mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 4mol/L is prepared. The mixed metal solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are rapidly pumped into a 2L reaction kettle by a metering pump at the flow rate of 100mL/min, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 600r/min, and nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the reaction kettle. Finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 8min to obtain reaction slurry. And then sealing the reaction kettle.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 150 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 24 hours. And naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the precursor S-6 of the ternary cathode material.
The SEM image of the ternary cathode material precursor S-6 is similar to fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the ternary cathode material precursor S-6 is similar to that of fig. 2.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the ternary cathode material precursor, and adding 4.81g of LiOH & H 2 And O, under the condition that the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) is 1.05:1, pre-sintering for 4h at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere after ball milling, and then roasting for 12h at 900 ℃ in a pure oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
the lithium ion battery is assembled by adopting the ternary cathode material according to the method described in the embodiment 1 and an electrochemical performance test is carried out, and the discharge capacity is 168.6mAh/g at 0.1C multiplying power.
Example 7
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
1200mL of mixed metal solution with a molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese of 8:1:1 is prepared, and the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 400mL of 6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution was prepared. And (3) rapidly pumping the mixed metal solution into a 2L reaction kettle at a flow rate of 99mL/min and a flow rate of 33mL/min by using a metering pump, wherein the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 1000r/min, and introducing nitrogen atmosphere into the reaction kettle. And finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 12min to obtain reaction slurry. The reaction vessel was then sealed.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 10 h. And naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor S-7 of the ternary cathode material.
The SEM image of the ternary cathode material precursor S-7 is similar to fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the ternary cathode material precursor S-7 is similar to that of fig. 2.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the precursor of the ternary cathode material, and adding 4.77g of LiOH & H 2 And O, under the condition that the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) is 1.05:1, pre-sintering for 4h at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere after ball milling, and then roasting for 12h at 800 ℃ in a pure oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
the lithium ion battery is assembled by adopting the ternary cathode material according to the method described in the embodiment 1 and an electrochemical performance test is carried out, and the discharge capacity is 190.8mAh/g at 0.1C multiplying power.
Example 8
According to the method of example 1, except that in the preparation of the precursor of the positive electrode material, the temperature of the reaction kettle is increased to 260 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min in the step (2), and the reaction is carried out for 24 hours. The lithium ion battery was assembled and tested for electrochemical performance as described in example 1, and the discharge capacity was 186.7mAh/g at 0.1C.
Example 9
Preparing a precursor of the positive electrode material:
(1) preparing 800mL of mixed metal solution with the molar stoichiometric ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese of 8:1.5:0.5, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L. 800mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 4mol/L is prepared. The mixed metal solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are rapidly pumped into a 2L reaction kettle by a metering pump at the flow rate of 100mL/min, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle is 500r/min, and nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the reaction kettle. Finishing the charging process of the nickel-cobalt-manganese metal solution and the precipitator sodium hydroxide within 8min to obtain reaction slurry.
(2) The reaction kettle is heated to 150 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and reacts for 24 hours. And then naturally cooling, filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the precursor S-9 of the ternary cathode material.
The SEM image of the ternary cathode material precursor S-9 is similar to fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the ternary cathode material precursor S-9 is similar to that of fig. 2.
Preparing a positive electrode material:
taking 10g of the ternary cathode material precursor, and adding 4.74g of LiOH & H 2 And O, under the condition that the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Al) is 1.03:1, pre-burning for 4h at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere after ball milling, and then roasting for 12h at 800 ℃ in a pure oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Testing the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery:
the lithium ion battery is assembled by adopting the ternary cathode material according to the method described in the embodiment 1 and an electrochemical performance test is carried out, and the discharge capacity is 191.5mAh/g at 0.1C multiplying power.
The embodiment and the result show that the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process flow, no use of complexing agent, environmental protection, complete crystal structure of the prepared precursor of the battery anode material, and higher specific discharge capacity when the precursor is used in the lithium ion battery.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (25)

1. A method for preparing a precursor of a battery positive electrode material, the method comprising:
(1) mixing a metal source, a precipitating agent and a solvent;
the mixing comprises the following steps:
a) preparing a metal source solution and a precipitator solution;
b) mixing a metal source solution with a precipitant solution, the mixing comprising: pumping the metal source solution and the precipitator solution into a reaction kettle simultaneously by adopting a metering pump;
(2) performing high-temperature conversion on the material obtained by mixing in the step (1), wherein the temperature of the high-temperature conversion is 145-300 ℃;
(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the material obtained by high-temperature conversion in the step (2);
wherein the metal source comprises at least one of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source and an aluminum source, the precipitant is selected from at least one of NaOH, KOH and LiOH, and the solvent is water;
wherein, the concentration of the metal source solution is 0.01-5mol/L calculated by metal elements;
wherein the concentration of the precipitant solution is 4-10 mol/L; the pumping speed of the precipitant solution is 50-200mL/min based on the total amount of 1L of the precipitant solution.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the mixing is performed under stirring conditions.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the stirring rate is 50 to 1200 r/min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pumping rate of the metal source solution is 50 to 200mL/min based on 1L of the total amount of the metal source solution.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pumping rate of the metal source solution is 80 to 150mL/min based on 1L of the total amount of the metal source solution;
and/or the pumping speed of the precipitant solution is 80-150mL/min based on the total amount of 1L of the precipitant solution.
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nickel source, the cobalt source, the manganese source and the aluminum source are each independently at least one selected from a sulfate, a nitrate, an acetate and an oxalate of a metal.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the metal source includes at least two of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, and an aluminum source.
8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the metal source includes at least three of a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, and an aluminum source.
9. The production method according to claim 8, wherein the metal sources are a nickel source, a cobalt source, and a manganese source, or the metal sources are a nickel source, a cobalt source, and an aluminum source.
10. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7 to 9, wherein the molar content of the nickel source based on the metal element is 5 to 95%, the molar content of the cobalt source based on the metal element is 5 to 95%, the molar content of the manganese source based on the metal element is 0 to 90%, and the molar content of the aluminum source based on the metal element is 0 to 90%.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the molar contents of the aluminum source and the manganese source are not zero at the same time.
12. The production method according to claim 11, wherein the molar content of the nickel source based on the metal element is 30 to 90%, the molar content of the cobalt source based on the metal element is 5 to 35%, and the molar content of the manganese source based on the metal element is 5 to 35%, based on the total molar amount of the metal source based on the metal element.
13. The production method according to claim 11, wherein the molar content of the nickel source based on the metal element is 30 to 90%, the molar content of the cobalt source based on the metal element is 5 to 35%, and the molar content of the aluminum source based on the metal element is 5 to 35%, based on the total molar amount of the metal source based on the metal element.
14. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 7 to 9, and 11 to 13, wherein the molar ratio of the precipitant to the metal source in terms of the metal element is from 0.5 to 6: 1.
15. the production method according to claim 14, wherein the molar ratio of the precipitant to the metal source in terms of the metal element is 1 to 2.5: 1.
16. the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 7 to 9, 11 to 13 and 15, wherein the high-temperature conversion is performed under a closed condition.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the temperature of the high temperature conversion is 145-260 ℃;
and/or the high-temperature conversion time is 0.5-120 h.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the temperature of the high temperature conversion is 160-200 ℃.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the high temperature conversion time is 10-50 hours.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the high temperature conversion time is 10-48 hours.
21. A precursor of a positive electrode material for a battery produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.
22. A method for preparing a battery positive electrode material, comprising: the battery positive electrode material precursor of claim 21 and a lithium source are mixed and then fired.
23. The production method according to claim 22, wherein the molar ratio of the lithium source to the battery positive electrode material precursor is 0.9 to 1.2:1 in terms of the metal element;
and/or, the lithium source is selected from at least one of lithium nitrate, lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and lithium acetate;
and/or, the roasting conditions include: under the oxygen-containing atmosphere, the temperature is 500-1000 ℃, and the time is 4-48 h.
24. A positive electrode material for a battery produced by the production method according to claim 22 or 23.
25. Use of the battery cathode material precursor of claim 21 or the battery cathode material of claim 24 in a lithium ion battery.
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