CN112650738B - Construction method of open database - Google Patents

Construction method of open database Download PDF

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CN112650738B
CN112650738B CN202011640773.8A CN202011640773A CN112650738B CN 112650738 B CN112650738 B CN 112650738B CN 202011640773 A CN202011640773 A CN 202011640773A CN 112650738 B CN112650738 B CN 112650738B
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open
database
api
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CN112650738A (en
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刘志徽
杨秀锡
严俊杰
周东
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Guangxi Zhongke Shuguang Cloud Computing Co ltd
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Guangxi Zhongke Shuguang Cloud Computing Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/21Design, administration or maintenance of databases
    • G06F16/211Schema design and management
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/25Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
    • G06F16/254Extract, transform and load [ETL] procedures, e.g. ETL data flows in data warehouses

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Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method of an open database, wherein the open database adopts a distributed open database and a centralized open database; the distributed open database is constructed by directly generating a part of database data of functional departments into services through a cloud service generator, carrying out centralized management through a cloud service bus, directly providing data of a data open interface, and uniformly cataloging by a service catalog to realize data service opening; the centralized open database is constructed by transmitting data of functional departments to a data sharing library and a data open library: generating services by a cloud service generator, and then carrying out centralized management through a cloud service bus; or in the form of data files, the data opening is realized through unified management of an open directory system. The invention can bring a large amount of data generated by each functional department into a unified open database for management, break through information islands among the functional departments and promote orderly and safe open sharing of government affair data.

Description

Construction method of open database
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of database management, in particular to a construction method of an open database.
Background
For governments, information islands among functional departments are broken, government data are promoted to be opened and shared, and the novel government-oriented information authority is a powerful hand grip for enabling novel governments. If a data barrier of each government department is reached and data open sharing is realized, a large amount of data generated by each functional department needs to be brought into a unified open database for management. It is therefore necessary to design an open database that meets the above requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for constructing an open database.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a construction method of an open database, wherein the open database adopts a design scheme that two modes of a distributed open database and a centralized open database coexist; the distributed open database is constructed by directly generating a part of database data of functional departments into services through a cloud service generator, carrying out centralized management through a cloud service bus, directly providing data of a data open interface, and uniformly cataloging by a service catalog to realize data service opening; the centralized open database is constructed by enabling data of functional departments to enter a data sharing database through a sharing exchange platform, and then entering the data sharing database after analysis, processing and desensitization: generating services by a cloud service generator, and then carrying out centralized management through a cloud service bus; or in the form of data files, the data opening is realized through unified management of an open directory system.
Constructing the centralized open database, wherein the selected dimension modeling tool comprises a star structure and a snowflake structure; the star structure consists of a fact table and a plurality of dimension tables, the fact table comprises basic and summarized business facts and describes subject data, and the dimension tables connected with the fact table are used for limiting the query result of a user, filtering the data and reducing the access range; the snowflake type structure is an extension of the star type structure, is a further standardization of the dimension table of the star type structure, and improves performance by reducing data storage capacity to the maximum extent and combining smaller standardized dimension tables together.
The design scheme of the centralized open database is as follows:
(1) data initialization
Storing data according to different data sources, wherein the database uses an example to establish a plurality of users, user division units and service tables below storage units;
after the database building is finished, a data acquisition system is utilized, data are centralized to an open database from a shared exchange platform and a data shared database through an ETL tool, and desensitization, format conversion and cleaning operations are carried out on the data in the centralized process;
(2) data update
When data share a corresponding data source table of a database from a sharing exchange platform, updating incremental data according to the timestamp and the identification bit, wherein the updating time is T + 0;
(3) incremental data warehousing
Acquiring data added every day by a corresponding commission office and a data sharing library, and inserting the newly added data into a data open library;
if the newly added data is the newly added record item, adding a record in the data open library;
(4) database management
The data open database gathers data from a plurality of departments, data information is basic data of the data open, the number of entities is analyzed and the dynamic change condition of the data is revealed by clearing the data relation of the data, the clear understanding of the open data resources of the open database is directly related, and the effects of various deepened applications based on the data are related;
the database open management system can realize the display and query of data resources, monitor the data stored in the database and know the original source of the open database data through data tracing.
The distributed open database is constructed by adopting a cloud service generator to generate data service from database data of a commission office; the cloud service generator adopts two data generation service modes of SOAP and REST, and the SOAP and the REST are two different forms of webservice.
In the construction process of the distributed open database, data resources of a service interface/API are provided for a commission office, the service interface is supported to be in butt joint, and the distributed open database is accessed to a cloud service bus according to a standard service interface.
In the construction process of the distributed open database, the cloud service generator provides service registration, service response caching, service access flow control and service session monitoring and tracking.
In the construction process of the distributed open database, the cloud service bus can provide virtual service for the real service at the back end, namely, the cloud service bus serves as a proxy service for a front-end service consumer to enjoy the service, and meanwhile, the specific issuing position of the real service is hidden; the cloud service bus provides a service arranging function, and can customize arranging logics of several services into a time sequence for internal processing; the service processing mechanism is 'service request-service scheduling', wherein the Message builder is responsible for constructing the service request into a Message model, and the Message format is responsible for converting the Message model into a Message format which can be identified by a real service protocol.
The cloud service generator generates services, and the working steps of the cloud service generator include resource loading, resource objectification, service definition and service release; the cloud service generation tool of the cloud service generator provides a safety module, a reliable message module, a service event module and a service cloud addressing module for the generated service; the cloud service generation employs the AXIOM object model and DSDL document specification to define the attributes and operation methods of the resources.
The cloud service generation tool is designed based on the SOA/WOA architecture idea, and provides a middleware product for issuing, generating and running a basic source Service service. It is both a service creation tool and a service container. As a service generation tool, the cloud service generation tool can flexibly and quickly generate and release REST and SOAP services with standards conforming to specifications such as JAX-WS and JAX-RS according to different user services, and is a zero-code development tool in the true sense. As a service container, the cloud service generation tool can stably and efficiently run the sercece service, providing high concurrent access and requests.
The cloud service bus uniformly governs distributed services, and provides safety functions including service mediation, event mediation, message mediation, access control, service QOS and load balancing; the cloud service bus uniformly registers and manages data services of various technical specifications distributed at each government department:
(1) based on a service agent mechanism, the native service is hidden, and the security of the native service is guaranteed;
(2) the service of the agent is uniformly controlled and reinforced through the abundant functions of the cloud service bus;
(3) and carrying out standardized packaging on the agents on the bus through an open management service API Manager, and issuing the agents into standard available API services which accord with the calling specification.
The open API for data opening comprises:
(1) open API for creating and publishing data
Creating a data open API, which is a process of adding the existing open data service to a data open API release portal; managing the life cycle of the API, editing the description document of the API, configuring the safety option of the API and checking the subscription statistics of the API in a publishing portal;
(2) open API for subscribing to data
When a user wants to call a data open API, the user must subscribe the API in a data open API mart;
the API market is managed by the application, and the user generates a token under the application; a user subscribes an API through application, and after subscription is completed, the application-specific token is used to call the API;
(3) calling data open API using integrated data open API console
The data opening management platform integrates a Swagger UI which is a part of the Swagger project;
the Swagger is a completely open-source, standard and language-independent specification, is a complete framework without proxy or third-party service, and is used for describing, making, calling and viewing a RESTful style data open API; swagger enables consumers to understand the capabilities of the service with minimal interaction with the implementation logic of the service without accessing the source code of the remote service; swagger helps describe services;
the Swagger UI is realized purely based on HTML, JavaScript and CSS (the three are independent of each other), and is used for dynamically generating a document from a data open API compatible with Swagger; the data open API compatible with Swagger provides interactive documents, generates client SDKs and has better discoverability; the Swagger UI adopts a JSON code format, and the UI of the Swagger UI has the characteristics of easy indentation, highlighted keyword display and instant grammar error display;
when designing the API, adding resource parameters, abstract and description to the data open API by using a Swagger UI; when the API is called in a test, a Swagger UI can be used for inputting query parameters and calling a data open API;
(4) open API for editing data using a visual interface
When the API is created, the API definition needs to be filled in; defining the method name and parameters of API contained in the content; the method name, the method description, the parameter name, the parameter type, whether the method needs to be filled in and the like can be interactively filled in on the publishing platform page; the Swagger code can also be directly edited, and the attributes can be quickly written;
(5) adding a data open API document;
(6) managing data open API lifecycle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the open database constructed by the invention can bring a large amount of data generated by each functional department into a unified open database for management, and can break information islands among the functional departments and promote orderly and safe open sharing of government affair data.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an open database according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a star-shaped structure of a dimensional modeling tool for constructing a centralized open database according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a snowflake type structure of a dimensional modeling tool constructed by the centralized open database according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for constructing an open database, in which the open database adopts a design scheme in which two ways, i.e., a distributed mode and a centralized mode, coexist. The distributed opening mainly realizes that part of database data of functional departments directly generate services through a service generator, centralized management is carried out through a service bus, data of a data opening interface is directly provided, and unified cataloging is carried out through a service directory, so that data service opening is realized; the centralized opening is that data of functional departments enter a shared database through a city data exchange and sharing platform, the database is opened through technical means such as analysis processing, desensitization and the like, a service generator generates a service or data file form, and the data are uniformly managed through an open directory system to realize data opening.
Construction of centralized open database
The centralized open database is intensively built in a unified database mode, namely the open database is built through data processing technical means such as analysis processing, desensitization and the like on the basis of a data sharing database of a data exchange sharing platform in the Guihong Kong City.
1. Design mode
The dimension modeling tool for the centralized open database selection comprises a star structure and a snowflake structure.
(1) Star-shaped structure
The open database mainly provides query operation, and the star structure is a logic model which is most convenient for executing the query operation. As shown in FIG. 2, the star structure is composed of a fact table and a plurality of dimension tables, the fact table contains basic and summary business facts, data describing subjects, and the dimension table connected with the fact table is used for limiting the query result of the use degree, filtering the data and reducing the access scope.
(2) Snowflake type structure
The snowflake type structure is an extension of the star type structure, and is used for further standardizing the dimension table of the star type, and has the advantage of improving the performance by reducing the data storage capacity to the maximum extent and combining smaller standardized tables together, as shown in figure 3.
2. Data initialization
The design of the open database is used for storing data according to different data sources, and the database uses an example to create a plurality of users, user units and service tables below the storage units.
After the database is built, the data acquisition system is utilized to centralize the data from the shared database of the city data exchange sharing platform to the open database through an ETL tool, and operations such as desensitization, format conversion, cleaning and the like are carried out on the data in the centralization process.
3. Data update
And when the data shares the corresponding data source table of the database from the exchange platform, updating the incremental data according to the timestamp and the identification bit, wherein the updating time is T + 0.
4. Incremental data warehousing
And acquiring data added by the corresponding commission bureau and the shared library every day, and inserting the newly added data into the open database.
If the added data is the added record item, a record is added in the open library.
5. Database management
The open database gathers data from a plurality of departments, data information is basic data of data opening, the data relation of the data is cleared, the number of entities is analyzed, the dynamic change condition of the data is revealed, the clear understanding of the openable data resources of the open database is directly concerned, and various effects of deepening application based on the data are concerned.
The open database management system can realize the display and query of data resources, monitor the data in storage and know the original source of the open database data through data tracing.
The project construction functions include:
1. data resources: the data directory viewing and basic data relation graph display of the basic database data resources are realized;
2. data query: and carrying out multi-condition query on the open data.
3. Data monitoring: and monitoring and analyzing the updating condition of the warehousing data, and displaying the result of the data source resource catalog.
4. Data tracing and querying: and tracing the table information of the open data which is cleaned and stored in the database, and realizing the inspection of the cleaning rule and the source of each field.
5. Ad hoc query: the table in the data source is subjected to ad hoc query, so that single-table query and multi-table association query can be realized.
Second, construction of distributed open service library
1. Overview
The distributed open service library is constructed mainly aiming at the open data of the commission bureau, unified to service bus management through the generation of data service and interface butt joint of the commission bureau, and enters an open service resource pool, and the distributed open service library is an important component of the open service resource pool.
2. Service resource pool:
the service resource pool comprises data service resources in a distributed open service library and data service resources in a centralized open service library. Namely, the service resources come from each commission office and the market data exchange shared platform open library.
3. Architectural design
The construction of the distributed open service library (including an API management mode) mainly aims at two aspects of application: the method comprises the steps that firstly, interface uniform format encapsulation and management are realized for a commission office providing a system interface, and standard service calling is provided; and secondly, the data of the open service can be directly generated for the functional department, the service and the service bus are directly generated through the service generator, and the data are managed by the service directory and enter the open service resource pool.
4. Functional design
(1) Service generation
The service generation is to adopt a service generator to generate the database data of the commission office into data service.
The system adopts two data generation service modes of SOAP and REST:
(1-1) webservice service:
the project supports various modes to generate services, and is flexible.
(1-2) data sources:
database data, data sources for the entire market
(1-3) two generation modes of SOAP and REST are as follows:
SOAP and REST are two different forms of webservice, and configuring SOAP does not configure REST, and configuring REST does not configure SOAP.
(2) Service interface/API
The system can support service interface interfacing for data resources that the committee office provides the interface/API. And accessing to the service bus according to a standard service interface.
(3) Service management
The service generator provides functions of service registration, service response caching, service access flow control, service session monitoring and tracking and the like.
(4) Service broker
The cloud service bus can provide virtual service-proxy service for the back-end real service so that a front-end service consumer can enjoy the service, and meanwhile, the specific issuing position of the real service is hidden; the service bus provides service orchestration functionality, enabling the orchestration logic of several services to be customized into a sequence for internal processing.
The Message builder is responsible for constructing the service request into a Message model, and the Message format is responsible for converting the Message model into a Message format which can be identified by a real service protocol.
(5) Processing the message;
(6) service message segmentation, aggregation and format conversion
The cloud service bus provides Rule-based message routing and Content message routing functions as well as component segmentation, aggregation and format conversion functions for messages.
(7) Task scheduling
The cloud service bus employs a scheduling framework to perform some internal or external comand functions. For example, cloud service buses allow some burdensome tasks to be completed as batch tasks at certain periods. To improve the throughput of the server.
(8) Service broker
The cloud service bus provides functions of service registration, service response caching, service access flow control, service session monitoring and tracking and the like.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for constructing an open database is characterized in that: the open database adopts a design scheme that a distributed open database and a centralized open database coexist; the distributed open database is constructed by directly generating a part of database data of functional departments into services through a cloud service generator, carrying out centralized management through a cloud service bus, directly providing data of a data open interface, and uniformly cataloging by a service catalog to realize data service opening; the centralized open database is constructed by enabling data of functional departments to enter a data sharing database through a sharing exchange platform, and then entering the data sharing database after analysis, processing and desensitization: generating services by a cloud service generator, and then carrying out centralized management through a cloud service bus; or in the form of data files, the data opening is realized through unified management of an open directory system;
in the construction process of the distributed open database, the cloud service bus can provide virtual service for the real service at the back end, namely, the cloud service bus serves as a proxy service for a front-end service consumer to enjoy the service, and meanwhile, the specific issuing position of the real service is hidden; the cloud service bus provides a service arranging function, and can customize arranging logics of several services into a time sequence for internal processing; the service processing mechanism is 'service request-service scheduling', wherein the Message builder is responsible for constructing the service request into a Message model, and the Message format is responsible for converting the Message model into a Message format which can be identified by a real service protocol;
the cloud service generator generates services, and the working steps of the cloud service generator include resource loading, resource objectification, service definition and service release; the cloud service generation tool of the cloud service generator provides a safety module, a reliable message module, a service event module and a service cloud addressing module for the generated service; the cloud service generation employs the AXIOM object model and DSDL document specification to define the attributes and operation methods of the resources.
2. The method for constructing an open database according to claim 1, wherein: constructing the centralized open database, wherein the selected dimension modeling tool comprises a star structure and a snowflake structure; the star structure consists of a fact table and a plurality of dimension tables, the fact table comprises basic and summarized business facts and describes subject data, and the dimension tables connected with the fact table are used for limiting the query result of a user, filtering the data and reducing the access range; the snowflake type structure is an extension of the star type structure, is a further standardization of the dimension table of the star type structure, and improves performance by reducing data storage capacity to the maximum extent and combining smaller standardized dimension tables together.
3. The method for constructing an open database according to claim 1, wherein: the design scheme of the centralized open database is as follows:
(1) data initialization
Storing data according to different data sources, wherein the database uses an example to establish a plurality of users, user division units and service tables below storage units;
after the database building is finished, a data acquisition system is utilized, data are centralized to an open database from a shared exchange platform and a data shared database through an ETL tool, and desensitization, format conversion and cleaning operations are carried out on the data in the centralized process;
(2) data update
When data share a corresponding data source table of a database from a sharing exchange platform, updating incremental data according to the timestamp and the identification bit, wherein the updating time is T + 0;
(3) incremental data warehousing
Acquiring data added every day by a corresponding commission office and a data sharing library, and inserting the newly added data into a data open library;
if the newly added data is the newly added record item, adding a record in the data open library;
(4) database management
The data open database gathers data from a plurality of departments, data information is basic data of the data open, the number of entities is analyzed and the dynamic change condition of the data is revealed by clearing the data relation of the data, the clear understanding of the open data resources of the open database is directly related, and the effects of various deepened applications based on the data are related;
the database open management system can realize the display and query of data resources, monitor the data stored in the database and know the original source of the open database data through data tracing.
4. The method for constructing an open database according to claim 1, wherein: the distributed open database is constructed by adopting a cloud service generator to generate data service from database data of a commission office; the cloud service generator adopts two data generation service modes of SOAP and REST, and the SOAP and the REST are two different forms of webservice.
5. The method for constructing an open database according to claim 1, wherein: in the construction process of the distributed open database, data resources of a service interface/API are provided for a commission office, the service interface is supported to be in butt joint, and the distributed open database is accessed to a cloud service bus according to a standard service interface.
6. The method for constructing an open database according to claim 1, wherein: in the construction process of the distributed open database, the cloud service generator provides service registration, service response caching, service access flow control and service session monitoring and tracking.
7. The method for constructing an open database according to claim 1, wherein: the cloud service bus uniformly governs distributed services, and provides safety functions including service mediation, event mediation, message mediation, access control, service QOS and load balancing; the cloud service bus uniformly registers and manages data services of various technical specifications distributed at each government department:
(1) based on a service agent mechanism, the native service is hidden, and the security of the native service is guaranteed;
(2) the service of the agent is uniformly controlled and reinforced through the abundant functions of the cloud service bus;
(3) and carrying out standardized packaging on the agents on the bus through an open management service API Manager, and issuing the agents into standard available API services which accord with the calling specification.
8. The method for constructing an open database according to claim 1, wherein: the open API for data opening comprises:
(1) open API for creating and publishing data
Creating a data open API, which is a process of adding the existing open data service to a data open API release portal; managing the life cycle of the API, editing the description document of the API, configuring the safety option of the API and checking the subscription statistics of the API in a publishing portal;
(2) open API for subscribing to data
When a user wants to call a data open API, the user must subscribe the API in a data open API mart;
the API market is managed by the application, and the user generates a token under the application; a user subscribes an API through application, and after subscription is completed, the application-specific token is used to call the API;
(3) calling data open API using integrated data open API console
The data opening management platform integrates a Swagger UI which is a part of the Swagger project;
the Swagger is a completely open-source, standard and language-independent specification, is a complete framework without proxy or third-party service, and is used for describing, making, calling and viewing a RESTful style data open API; swagger enables consumers to understand the capabilities of the service with minimal interaction with the implementation logic of the service without accessing the source code of the remote service; swagger helps describe services;
the Swagger UI is realized purely based on HTML, JavaScript and CSS and is used for dynamically generating a document from a data open API compatible with Swagger, and the HTML, the JavaScript and the CSS are independent of one another; the data open API compatible with Swagger provides interactive documents, generates client SDKs and has better discoverability; the Swagger UI adopts a JSON code format, and the UI of the Swagger UI has the characteristics of easy indentation, highlighted keyword display and instant grammar error display;
when the API is designed, adding resource parameters, abstract and description to the data open API by using a Swagger UI; when the API is called in a test, a Swagger UI is used for inputting query parameters and calling a data open API;
(4) open API for editing data using a visual interface
When the API is created, the API definition needs to be filled in; defining the method name and parameters of API contained in the content; this enables interactive filling in of attributes on the publishing platform page, including method name, method description, parameter name, parameter type, whether filling is necessary; or directly editing the Swagger code and quickly writing the attributes;
(5) adding a data open API document;
(6) managing data open API lifecycle.
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