CN112649114A - Cable protection system and method based on temperature along high-temperature superconducting cable - Google Patents
Cable protection system and method based on temperature along high-temperature superconducting cable Download PDFInfo
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- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
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- G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/16—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
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Abstract
The invention provides a cable protection system and a method thereof based on the temperature along a high-temperature superconducting cable, wherein the system comprises a monitoring system, a temperature measuring optical fiber, an alarm and a protection device, wherein the temperature measuring optical fiber, the alarm and the protection device are electrically connected with the monitoring system; the temperature measuring optical fiber is used for measuring the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable and sending the measured temperature along the line to the monitoring system; the temperature along the line comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature; the monitoring system comprises a data receiving unit, a judging unit and an instruction generating unit; the device is used for generating a cutting instruction or an alarm instruction according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature, and sending the cutting instruction to a protection device or sending the alarm instruction to an alarm; the alarm is used for responding to the received alarm instruction and carrying out the quench alarm of the high-temperature superconducting cable; the protection device is used for cutting the high-temperature superconducting cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction. According to the invention, the accuracy of cable quench judgment can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature superconducting cables, in particular to a cable protection system and a method thereof based on the temperature along a high-temperature superconducting cable.
Background
As the electrical load density increases, the load on the power cable increases. The superconducting cable is a solution for ensuring long-time power supply under high load due to the super-strong loading capacity. The first kilometer-level superconducting cable is built in China, and the construction application and operation and maintenance management technology of the superconducting cable are becoming mature day by day.
The factors causing the quench fault of the superconducting cable are many, and mainly include a cooling system fault, an abnormality of a superconducting cable body, a short-circuit fault of a power system and the like. The temperature of the high-temperature superconducting cable body is an important criterion for judging the abnormality of the high-temperature superconducting cable body, the temperature is mainly detected by a thermocouple or a thermal resistor at present, and when the detected temperature is greater than a set threshold value, the judgment is that the superconducting cable body is abnormal, and the superconducting cable is cut and protected.
In the point-type measurement of the temperature sensor of the conventional thermocouple or thermal resistor, for example, a PT100 platinum resistance sensor is used to measure the temperature distribution of a 500m long cable, if a sensor is arranged every 1 m, 500 sensor probes need to be installed inside the cable, each sensor needs 4 signal wires, and there are 2000 signal wires in total, and each signal wire needs to be connected to a measurement and control monitoring system along the cable. More sensors and signal lines are needed to obtain a more accurate temperature distribution. Such a large number of signal lines may cause great difficulty in wiring, outgoing lines, and cable fabrication, and may adversely affect the structure of the high temperature superconducting cable itself and its insulating properties, which is impossible to implement in engineering practice.
In addition, the high-temperature superconducting cable generally operates under the condition of high voltage and high current, the temperature sensor of the traditional thermocouple or thermal resistor is subjected to large electromagnetic interference, and the accuracy of a measurement result is influenced; therefore, erroneous judgment is likely to occur, and the superconducting cable is cut by an erroneous operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cable protection system and a method thereof based on the temperature along a high-temperature superconducting cable, so as to improve the accuracy of the judgment of the quenching of the cable according to the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting cable.
Therefore, according to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cable protection system based on a temperature along a high temperature superconducting cable, where the system includes a monitoring system, and a temperature measuring optical fiber, an alarm, and a protection device electrically connected to the monitoring system;
the temperature measuring optical fiber is used for measuring the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable and sending the measured temperature along the line to a monitoring system; the temperature along the line comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature;
the monitoring system comprises a data receiving unit, a judging unit and an instruction generating unit; the data receiving unit is used for receiving the temperature and the average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable detected by the temperature measuring optical fiber; the judging unit is used for judging whether to carry out cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature; the instruction generating unit is used for generating an excision instruction or an alarm instruction according to the judgment result of the judging unit, and issuing the excision instruction to the protection device or issuing the alarm instruction to the alarm;
the alarm is used for responding to the received alarm instruction and carrying out the quench alarm of the high-temperature superconducting cable;
the protection device is used for cutting the high-temperature superconducting cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction.
Optionally, the determining unit is specifically configured to:
when the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset first temperature value or the average temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset second temperature value, judging to alarm;
and when the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset third temperature value or the average temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset fourth temperature value, judging to remove the protection.
Optionally, the third temperature value is a minimum of a maximum temperature at which liquid nitrogen does not boil, a maximum temperature that the insulating material can withstand, a maximum temperature that causes a fundamental change in the performance of the superconductor, and a maximum temperature at which destructive damage to the superconducting tape occurs.
Optionally, the system further comprises a notification unit;
the judgment unit is specifically configured to: when the alarm is judged to be carried out, acquiring the position information of all points of which the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset first temperature value, and sending the position information and the judgment result to the notification unit; when judging to perform the cutting protection, acquiring the position information of all points of which the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset third temperature value, and sending the position information and the judgment result to the notification unit;
the notification unit is used for responding to the received position information and the judgment result of the judgment unit, generating corresponding notification information and sending the notification information to a preset mobile phone of an operation and maintenance worker; the notification information includes the received position information and the judgment result.
Optionally, the superconducting cable is a three-phase coaxial superconducting cable, and the three-phase coaxial superconducting cable is sequentially provided with a cable framework, a first insulating layer, an a-phase conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a B-phase conductor layer, a third insulating layer, a C-phase conductor layer, a fourth insulating layer, a shielding layer and a thermostat from inside to outside, wherein cavities are arranged inside the cable framework and between the thermostat and the shielding layer, and the cavities are used for allowing liquid nitrogen to flow so as to cool the superconducting cable; the cable comprises a cable framework, an A-phase conductor layer, a first insulating layer, a B-phase conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a C-phase conductor layer, a third insulating layer and a shielding layer, wherein the number of the temperature measuring optical fibers is multiple, the multiple temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged between any two layers or in any one layer of the cable framework, the A-phase conductor layer, the first insulating layer, the B-phase conductor layer, the second insulating layer, the C-phase conductor layer, the third insulating layer and;
the data receiving unit is specifically configured to: receiving the temperatures along the lines detected by the temperature measuring optical fibers, and sending the temperatures along the lines detected by the temperature measuring optical fibers to the judging unit;
the judgment unit is specifically configured to: and weighting and summing the temperatures along the line detected by the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers to obtain the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature, and judging whether to perform cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature.
Optionally, the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers are spirally wound or embedded in a groove of the cable framework along the outer surface of the cable framework.
Optionally, the phase a conductor layer, the phase B conductor layer and the phase C conductor layer respectively include a first layer of superconducting tape, a carbon paper layer and a second layer of superconducting tape from inside to outside in sequence; the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged in gaps among the tapes of the first layer of superconducting tape of the B-phase conductor layer.
Optionally, the diameters of the temperature measuring optical fibers are smaller than the thickness of the first layer of superconducting tape, a gap between the tapes of the first layer of superconducting tape is filled with polyimide resin, and the polyimide resin is used for bonding and fixing the temperature measuring optical fibers and enhancing the mechanical strength of the temperature measuring optical fibers.
Optionally, the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged between the fourth insulating layer and the shielding layer, and the laying mode is spiral winding or linear laying.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cable protection method based on a temperature along a high temperature superconducting cable, which is implemented based on the cable protection system of the first aspect, and the method includes the following steps:
the temperature measuring optical fiber measures the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable and sends the measured temperature along the line to the monitoring system; the temperature along the line comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature;
a data receiving unit of the monitoring system receives the temperature and the average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable detected by the temperature measuring optical fiber and forwards the temperature and the average temperature to a judging unit of the monitoring system;
a judging unit of the monitoring system responds to the received temperature and average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable, judges whether to carry out cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature and average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable, and sends a judging result to an instruction generating unit of the monitoring system;
an instruction generating unit of the monitoring system responds to the judgment result received by the judging unit, generates a cutting instruction or an alarm instruction according to the judgment result, and transmits the cutting instruction to a protection device or transmits the alarm instruction to an alarm;
the alarm responds to the received alarm instruction and carries out the quench alarm of the high-temperature superconducting cable;
the protection device cuts the high temperature superconducting cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of measuring the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable through a temperature measuring optical fiber, wherein the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature; a judging unit of the monitoring system responds to the received temperature and average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable, judges whether to carry out cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature and average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable, generates a cutting instruction or an alarm instruction according to a judgment result, and issues the cutting instruction to a protection device or issues the alarm instruction to an alarm device; the alarm gives an alarm for the quench of the high-temperature superconducting cable in response to the received alarm instruction; the protection device cuts the high temperature superconducting cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction. According to the embodiment of the invention, the cable quench is judged according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature, so that the accuracy of judging the cable quench according to the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting cable can be improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable protection system based on the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic temperature diagram along the line in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another monitoring and protecting system for a high temperature superconducting cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the temperature measuring optical fiber according to the first example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of temperature measuring fibers according to a second example of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of temperature measuring fibers according to a third example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a cable protection method based on the temperature along the high temperature superconducting cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are:
1-a monitoring system, 11-a data receiving unit, 12-a judging unit, 13-an instruction generating unit, 14-a notifying unit; 2-temperature measuring optical fiber; 3-an alarm; 4-protection device.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers can indicate functionally identical or similar elements. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
In addition, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, well known means have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cable protection system based on a temperature along a high temperature superconducting cable, where the system includes a monitoring system 1, and a temperature measuring optical fiber 2, an alarm 3, and a protection device 4 electrically connected to the monitoring system 1;
the temperature measuring optical fiber 2 is used for measuring the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable and sending the measured temperature along the line to the monitoring system 1; the temperature along the line comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature;
the monitoring system 1 comprises a data receiving unit 11, a judging unit 12 and an instruction generating unit 13;
the data receiving unit 11 is configured to receive the temperature of any point along the high temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature detected by the temperature measuring optical fiber 2;
the judging unit 12 is configured to judge whether to perform cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature;
the instruction generating unit 13 is configured to generate a cutting instruction or an alarm instruction according to the determination result of the determining unit 12, and issue the cutting instruction to the protection device 4, or issue the alarm instruction to the alarm 3;
wherein, the alarm 3 is used for responding to the received alarm instruction and carrying out the quench alarm of the high-temperature superconducting cable;
specifically, the alarm mode of the alarm 3 may be a voice alarm, an indicator light alarm or a combination of the two.
Wherein the protection device 4 is configured to cut the hts cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction;
specifically, the protection device 4 outputs a breaker trip signal to the breaker of the high temperature superconducting cable according to the cutting instruction, controls the breaker to trip, and cuts off the high temperature superconducting cable.
Specifically, the temperature measuring optical fiber 2 not only uses the optical fiber as a light transmission channel, but also uses the optical fiber as a temperature sensing element, so that a large number of probes are not required to be arranged, the installation is convenient, the wiring is simple, and the occupied space is small. Besides the common advantages of the Optical fiber sensor, the temperature measuring Optical fiber 2 can also realize the continuous measurement in the space region along the Optical fiber, so as to obtain the temperature values of all positions, and the distributed Optical fiber temperature measurement can position the distance by utilizing the Optical Time Domain Reflection (OTDR), thereby solving the measurement problem that other temperature sensors are difficult to be competent in many special occasions.
Wherein the temperature diagram along the line is shown in fig. 2.
Optionally, the determining unit 12 is specifically configured to:
when the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset first temperature value, judging that the temperature of each point along the superconducting cable is alarmed in an out-of-range mode;
when the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset third temperature value, judging to perform cutting protection;
specifically, no matter the whole quench caused by the fault of the refrigeration system or the short-circuit current impact of the power system or the local quench caused by the change of the structural parameters of the cable, a large amount of joule heat is generated in a quench area, most of the heat cannot be conducted out, so that more and more heat is generated in the quench area, and the temperature of the quench area continuously rises due to heat accumulation.
The temperature of each point along the superconducting cable can reflect the quench degree of the point, so that the temperature along the superconducting cable can be monitored in real time by using a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system, the local quench fault of the superconducting cable is reflected, when the temperature of a certain point of the cable exceeds a first temperature value, an alarm command is sent, and when the temperature exceeds a limit temperature, namely a third temperature value, a trip command is directly sent to carry out removal protection. The third temperature value is greater than the first temperature value.
Optionally, the third temperature value is a minimum of a maximum temperature at which liquid nitrogen does not boil, a maximum temperature that the insulating material can withstand, a maximum temperature that causes a fundamental change in the performance of the superconductor, and a maximum temperature at which destructive damage to the superconducting tape occurs.
When the average temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset second temperature value, judging that the average temperature of the superconducting cable is alarmed beyond a region;
and judging to perform cutting protection when the average temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset fourth temperature value.
Specifically, the average value of the temperatures of all points along the superconducting cable reflects the range of the quench area to a certain extent, the larger the average temperature of the superconducting cable is, the larger the quench area is, so that the average temperature of the superconducting cable can be used for reflecting the overall quench fault of the superconducting cable, when the average temperature of the superconducting cable is greater than a low fixed value, namely a second temperature value, an alarm signal is sent to operation and maintenance personnel, and when the average temperature of the superconducting cable is greater than a high fixed value, namely a fourth temperature value, a trip command is sent immediately to cut off the superconducting cable. The fourth temperature value is greater than the second temperature value.
It should be noted that, because the temperature change of the superconducting cable is caused by both the load fluctuation and the quench fault, and the temperature change is slow, it is difficult to distinguish the load fluctuation from the quench fault only according to the temperature change rate of the superconducting cable, so the temperature change rate is not considered as the protection criterion in this embodiment.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, the system further comprises a notification unit 14;
the determining unit 12 is specifically configured to: when the alarm is judged to be performed, the position information of all points along the high-temperature superconducting cable, the temperature of which is greater than a preset first temperature value, is acquired, and the position information and the judgment result are sent to the notification unit 14; when judging to perform the cutting protection, acquiring the position information of all points along the high-temperature superconducting cable, the temperature of which is greater than a preset third temperature value, and sending the position information and the judgment result to the notification unit 14;
the notification unit 14 is configured to generate corresponding notification information in response to receiving the position information and the determination result of the determination unit 12, and send the notification information to a mobile phone of a preset operation and maintenance person; the notification information includes the received position information and the judgment result.
Optionally, the superconducting cable is a three-phase coaxial superconducting cable, and the three-phase coaxial superconducting cable is sequentially provided with a cable framework, a first insulating layer, an a-phase conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a B-phase conductor layer, a third insulating layer, a C-phase conductor layer, a fourth insulating layer, a shielding layer and a thermostat from inside to outside, wherein cavities are arranged inside the cable framework and between the thermostat and the shielding layer, and the cavities are used for allowing liquid nitrogen to flow so as to cool the superconducting cable; the number of the temperature measuring optical fibers 2 is multiple, the temperature measuring optical fibers 2 are arranged between any two layers or in any one layer of the cable framework, the A-phase conductor layer, the first insulation layer, the B-phase conductor layer, the second insulation layer, the C-phase conductor layer, the third insulation layer and the shielding layer, and the angle intervals among the temperature measuring optical fibers 2 are the same;
the data receiving unit 11 is specifically configured to: receiving the temperatures along the lines detected by the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers 2, and sending the temperatures along the lines detected by the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers 2 to the judging unit 12;
the determining unit 12 is specifically configured to: and weighting and summing the temperatures along the lines detected by the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers 2 to obtain the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature, and judging whether to perform cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature.
Specifically, for each temperature measuring optical fiber 2, a certain measurement error inevitably exists, and the temperature measurement results of the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers 2 for the same target object may have a deviation, so in this embodiment, a temperature measurement test is performed on the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers 2 in advance, the deviation of the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers 2 is determined, a weight coefficient is given according to the deviation condition, and the plurality of along-line temperatures measured by the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers 2 are multiplied by the corresponding weight coefficients respectively and then added to obtain the true along-line temperature of the superconducting cable.
The thickness of the three-phase coaxial superconducting cable strip is about 0.3mm, the number of the strip layers is two, and the thickness of the insulating layer is about 1.5 mm. Considering the winding of the optical fiber, fixing, mechanical strength, and influence on the winding of the superconducting cable conductor layer and the electric field, the present embodiment preferably gives the following three specific optical fiber layout examples.
In a first example, as shown in fig. 4, the number of the temperature measuring optical fibers 2 is 3, and the angle between the 3 temperature measuring optical fibers 2 is 120 ° so as to increase the reliability of optical fiber temperature measurement and detect the position of a temperature abnormal point in time; the 3 temperature measuring optical fibers 2 are spirally wound or embedded in the grooves of the cable framework along the outer surface of the cable framework.
Specifically, two 0.5mm non-metal sleeves are tightly wrapped by a double-core optical fiber and spirally wound along a cable framework, and an A-phase conductor is wound after an insulating layer is wound on the double-core optical fiber; if the corrugated tube has a helical pitch and the pitch is relatively long, it is preferable to mount the optical fiber in the groove of the frame. The pre-buried schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4.
In this example, 3 fibers directly detect the temperature profile of the a phase conductor, and if a hot spot occurs on the B, C phase conductor, radial heat transfer through the cable is detected. The optical fiber and the cable conductor layer are both convenient to wind, and the influence on the cable insulation is small.
In a second example, referring to fig. 5, the number of the temperature measuring fibers 2 is 4, and the 4 temperature measuring fibers 2 are angularly spaced by 90 ° from each other, so as to increase the reliability of fiber temperature measurement and detect the position of a temperature anomaly point in time; the A-phase conductor layer, the B-phase conductor layer and the C-phase conductor layer respectively comprise a first layer of superconducting tape, a carbon paper layer and a second layer of superconducting tape from inside to outside in sequence; the 4 temperature measuring optical fibers 2 are arranged in gaps among the tapes of the first layer of superconducting tape of the B-phase conductor layer.
Specifically, in this example, 4 bare optical fibers of 0.165mm or non-metallic sleeve tight-buffered optical fibers of 0.5mm are installed in the gap between the B-phase superconducting tapes, and the layout is schematically shown in fig. 5.
Since the B-phase conductor is located between the a-phase and the C-phase, the heat dissipation condition is relatively poor compared to the A, C two-phase conductor, and heat accumulation occurs relatively more easily. In addition, the three-phase coaxial superconducting cable has compact structure and small volume, so that the optical fiber is embedded in the gap between the same layer of superconducting tapes of the B phase, the temperature distribution of the B phase can be directly detected, and the temperature change conditions of the A, C phases can be timely detected.
In order to ensure that the local temperature change on the phase conductor layer can be detected in time, 4 bare optical fibers of 0.165mm or non-metallic sleeve tightly-packed optical fibers of 0.5mm are installed on the phase B, and the angle interval of each optical fiber is 90 degrees. Because the thickness of the superconducting tape used by the phase conductor is about 0.3mm, the number of layers of each phase tape is 2, and a certain difference exists between the pre-embedded positions of the 0.165mm bare optical fiber and the 0.5mm tightly-packed optical fiber; the size of the 0.165mm bare fiber is smaller than the thickness of the superconducting tapes, the bare fiber can be directly placed in a gap between the two superconducting tapes, and an adhesive, such as polyimide resin, is filled in the gap, so that the bare fiber can fix the optical fiber, can enhance the mechanical strength of the optical fiber and can reduce the influence of the optical fiber protrusion on the cable insulation as much as possible. Wherein, 0.5mm tightly wraps the optic fibre size and is greater than superconducting tape thickness, nevertheless because of inside bare fiber diameter is 0.165mm, and tightly wraps the overcoat and anti extrusion ability reinforce, with optic fibre pre-buried to the gap between the first layer strip after, accessible carbon paper and insulating layer extrusion optic fibre's tightly wraps the overcoat when laying the second layer strip again to avoid optic fibre size to be greater than tape thickness and lead to optic fibre pre-buried position to produce the swell.
In this example, the temperature measuring optical fiber 2 can directly monitor the temperature of the B-phase conductor, can detect the position of thermal disturbance or temperature anomaly point on the B-phase conductor in time, and can monitor the temperature of the A, C-phase conductor through phase-to-phase heat transfer. The defect is that the strength of the 0.165mm bare fiber is low, and for a superconducting cable with the length of 400m, the breakage probability of the 0.165mm bare fiber in the pre-burying process is high, so that the 0.165mm bare fiber cannot be directly used in a long-distance superconducting cable and is suitable for a short-distance superconducting cable. The 0.5mm tight-buffered optical fiber has a larger size relative to the thickness of the superconducting tape (about 0.3mm), which can affect the cable structure to a certain extent, and the pre-embedding difficulty is high, so that the scheme of the 0.5mm tight-buffered optical fiber is suitable for the scene of thicker superconducting tape, and the thickness of the superconducting tape can be increased properly.
In a third example, the number of the temperature measuring optical fibers 2 is 3, and the angle interval between the 3 temperature measuring optical fibers 2 is 120 degrees, so that the reliability of optical fiber temperature measurement is improved, and the position of a temperature abnormal point is detected in time; the 3 temperature measuring optical fibers 2 are arranged between the fourth insulating layer and the shielding layer, and the laying mode adopts spiral winding or linear laying.
Specifically, in this example, a 0.5mm tightly-wrapped optical fiber is embedded between the C-phase insulating layer and the shielding layer, and the embedding is schematically shown in fig. 6, where the laying manner is spiral winding or linear laying. In the example, the influence of the pre-embedding of the optical fiber on the cable structure and the insulation performance is small, the pre-embedding difficulty of the optical fiber is small, and the implementation is easy.
In summary, the first example has low installation difficulty and small influence on the cable structure; the defect is that only the temperature distribution of the conductor of the single A phase or C phase can be monitored, and the temperature measuring effect on the other two phases is poor. In the second example, the optical fiber is directly installed in the gap between the conductors of the phase B, so that the temperature distribution of the conductor of the phase B can be directly monitored, and meanwhile, the temperature of the A, C phase can be monitored through interphase heat transfer due to the fact that the optical fiber is in the intermediate phase; the defects are that the optical fiber has low strength and is easy to break, the pre-embedding difficulty of the optical fiber is high, and the cable insulation is also adversely affected; and A, C phase temperature is monitored through interphase heat transfer, and the temperature measurement effect is not ideal. Each of the three examples has advantages and disadvantages, and can be specifically determined by combining specific application conditions (such as cable length, thickness of the superconducting tape, and the like) and the three-phase conductor temperature of the three-phase coaxial cable A, B, C.
Referring to fig. 7, another embodiment of the present invention provides a cable protection method based on the temperature along the high temperature superconducting cable, which is implemented based on the cable protection system described in the above embodiment, and the method includes the following steps:
s1, measuring the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable by the temperature measuring optical fiber, and sending the measured temperature along the line to a monitoring system; the temperature along the line comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature;
step S2, the data receiving unit of the monitoring system receives the temperature and the average temperature of any point along the high temperature superconducting cable detected by the temperature measuring optical fiber and forwards the temperature and the average temperature to the judging unit of the monitoring system;
step S3, in response to receiving the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature, a judging unit of the monitoring system judges whether to perform cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature, and sends a judging result to an instruction generating unit of the monitoring system;
step S4, in response to receiving the judgment result of the judgment unit, an instruction generation unit of the monitoring system generates a cutting instruction or an alarm instruction according to the judgment result, and issues the cutting instruction to a protection device or issues the alarm instruction to an alarm;
step S5, the alarm responds to the received alarm instruction, and the high-temperature superconducting cable quench alarm is carried out;
and step S6, the protection device cuts the high-temperature superconducting cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
step S7, when the judging unit judges to alarm, the judging unit obtains the position information of all points along the high temperature superconducting cable, the temperature of which is larger than the preset first temperature value, and sends the position information and the judging result to the informing unit; when the judgment unit judges to perform the cutting protection, the judgment unit acquires the position information of all points of which the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset third temperature value, and sends the position information and the judgment result to the notification unit;
step S8, the notification unit responds to the received position information and the judgment result of the judgment unit, generates corresponding notification information and sends the notification information to a mobile phone of a preset operation and maintenance person; the notification information includes the received position information and the judgment result.
It should be noted that the method of this embodiment corresponds to the system of the embodiment, and therefore the specific step flows of the steps S1 to S8 can be obtained by referring to the system of the embodiment, and are not described herein again.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A cable protection system based on the temperature along a high-temperature superconducting cable is characterized by comprising a monitoring system, a temperature measuring optical fiber, an alarm and a protection device, wherein the temperature measuring optical fiber, the alarm and the protection device are electrically connected with the monitoring system;
the temperature measuring optical fiber is used for measuring the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable and sending the measured temperature along the line to a monitoring system; the temperature along the line comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature;
the monitoring system comprises a data receiving unit, a judging unit and an instruction generating unit; the data receiving unit is used for receiving the temperature and the average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable detected by the temperature measuring optical fiber; the judging unit is used for judging whether to carry out cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature; the instruction generating unit is used for generating an excision instruction or an alarm instruction according to the judgment result of the judging unit, and issuing the excision instruction to the protection device or issuing the alarm instruction to the alarm;
the alarm is used for responding to the received alarm instruction and carrying out the quench alarm of the high-temperature superconducting cable;
the protection device is used for cutting the high-temperature superconducting cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction.
2. The system for protecting a cable based on the temperature along the hts cable according to claim 1, wherein the determining unit is specifically configured to:
when the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset first temperature value or the average temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset second temperature value, judging to alarm;
and when the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset third temperature value or the average temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset fourth temperature value, judging to remove the protection.
3. The cable protection system based on temperature along a hts cable of claim 2, wherein the third temperature value is the minimum of the highest temperature at which liquid nitrogen does not boil, the highest temperature that the insulation can withstand, the highest temperature that causes fundamental changes in the performance of the superconductor, and the highest temperature at which destructive damage to the superconducting tape occurs.
4. The system for cable protection based on temperature along a hts cable of claim 2 further comprising a notification unit;
the judgment unit is specifically configured to: when the alarm is judged to be carried out, acquiring the position information of all points of which the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset first temperature value, and sending the position information and the judgment result to the notification unit; when judging to perform the cutting protection, acquiring the position information of all points of which the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable is greater than a preset third temperature value, and sending the position information and the judgment result to the notification unit;
the notification unit is used for responding to the received position information and the judgment result of the judgment unit, generating corresponding notification information and sending the notification information to a preset mobile phone of an operation and maintenance worker; the notification information includes the received position information and the judgment result.
5. The cable protection system based on the temperature variation waveform along the cable according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the superconducting cable is a three-phase coaxial superconducting cable, and the three-phase coaxial superconducting cable is provided with a cable framework, a first insulating layer, an A-phase conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a B-phase conductor layer, a third insulating layer, a C-phase conductor layer, a fourth insulating layer, a shielding layer and a thermostat in sequence from inside to outside, wherein cavities are arranged inside the cable framework and between the thermostat and the shielding layer, and are used for allowing liquid nitrogen to flow so as to cool the superconducting cable; the cable comprises a cable framework, an A-phase conductor layer, a first insulating layer, a B-phase conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a C-phase conductor layer, a third insulating layer and a shielding layer, wherein the number of the temperature measuring optical fibers is multiple, the multiple temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged between any two layers or in any one layer of the cable framework, the A-phase conductor layer, the first insulating layer, the B-phase conductor layer, the second insulating layer, the C-phase conductor layer, the third insulating layer and;
the data receiving unit is specifically configured to: receiving the temperatures along the lines detected by the temperature measuring optical fibers, and sending the temperatures along the lines detected by the temperature measuring optical fibers to the judging unit;
the judgment unit is specifically configured to: and weighting and summing the temperatures along the line detected by the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers to obtain the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature, and judging whether to perform cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature.
6. The cable protection system according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers are spirally wound or embedded in a groove of the cable frame along an outer surface of the cable frame.
7. The cable protection system based on the temperature variation waveform along the cable according to claim 5, wherein the A-phase conductor layer, the B-phase conductor layer and the C-phase conductor layer respectively comprise a first layer of superconducting tape, a carbon paper layer and a second layer of superconducting tape from inside to outside in sequence; the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged in gaps among the tapes of the first layer of superconducting tape of the B-phase conductor layer.
8. The cable protection system according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers is smaller than the thickness of the first layer of superconducting tape, and a gap between tapes of the first layer of superconducting tape is filled with a polyimide resin for adhering and fixing the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers and enhancing the mechanical strength of the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers.
9. The cable protection system according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of temperature measuring optical fibers are disposed between the fourth insulating layer and the shielding layer in a spiral winding manner or a straight-line winding manner.
10. A method for cable protection based on the temperature along a high temperature superconducting cable, which is implemented based on the cable protection system of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
the temperature measuring optical fiber measures the temperature along the high-temperature superconducting cable and sends the measured temperature along the line to the monitoring system; the temperature along the line comprises the temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable and the average temperature;
a data receiving unit of the monitoring system receives the temperature and the average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable detected by the temperature measuring optical fiber and forwards the temperature and the average temperature to a judging unit of the monitoring system;
a judging unit of the monitoring system responds to the received temperature and average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable, judges whether to carry out cutting protection or alarm according to the temperature and average temperature of any point along the high-temperature superconducting cable, and sends a judging result to an instruction generating unit of the monitoring system;
an instruction generating unit of the monitoring system responds to the judgment result received by the judging unit, generates a cutting instruction or an alarm instruction according to the judgment result, and transmits the cutting instruction to a protection device or transmits the alarm instruction to an alarm;
the alarm responds to the received alarm instruction and carries out the quench alarm of the high-temperature superconducting cable;
the protection device cuts the high temperature superconducting cable in response to receiving the cutting instruction.
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