CN112647467A - Drainage system and flood control method - Google Patents

Abstract

A drainage system and a flood control method comprise an open channel and a Reinforced Concrete Conduit (RCC) in the open channel. The roller compacted concrete has a bottom plate supported on the river bed, a side wall for retaining soil, and a top plate higher than a predetermined height. The RCC supports roads below the top of the river bank to travel along the bank in normal weather conditions. Traffic is either on the roof or on the floor. In extreme weather conditions, traffic is evacuated from the super drain system and the entire space is available for water delivery.

Description

Drainage system and flood control method

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the discharge of large quantities of water in flood control. In particular, the present invention provides a Reinforced Concrete Conduit (RCC) in an open channel. The RCC retains the earth dike and supports traffic traveling along the bank in normal weather conditions.

Background

In the prior art, rain water is typically drained into the ocean through open or closed channels. Open channels include streams, ditches, bays, rivers, streams, and the like. Enclosed trenches include underground tunnels and pipes. The open channel is composed of two banks, and a river bed is arranged between the two banks. The earth embankment is likely to be eroded and collapsed by the fast flowing water. The eroded soil is deposited in the water course, impeding water flow. In order to prevent the water and soil loss of the soil dyke, a retaining wall is usually arranged. Common retaining walls are made of brick, stone and reinforced concrete.

The closed canal is generally made of reinforced concrete because of its high strength and durability. Reinforced concrete culverts are commonly used at street intersections where traffic is predominantly perpendicular to the direction of water flow. They function like a bridge, and vehicles can traverse waterways at short distances (e.g., 100 meters or less). To reduce the flood risk, one common approach is to widen the channel in the presence of space. Another method of flood control is to increase the height of the river bank by using banks or continuous walls at the top of the banks.

The containment or retention facilities are also used to store water. These facilities include reservoirs, ponds and underground spaces that store water at high levels in rivers and release water back to rivers at low levels in rivers.

Existing drainage systems require maintenance due to soil and water loss and silt accumulation. In conventional designs, removal of sediment and other debris may overwhelm urban traffic. As a result, the capacity of many storage and drainage facilities is reduced. Building new drainage channels is often not the option in developed urban areas due to limited space.

There is a need for a super drain system that can not only treat large volumes of water in extreme weather conditions, but also alleviate traffic jams in other weather conditions. Such drainage systems need to be cost effective, easy to maintain and durable.

Disclosure of Invention

The super drain system of the present invention includes a Reinforced Concrete Conduit (RCC) in the open channel. The roller compacted concrete has a bottom plate supported on a river bed, a first block wall for blocking a water bank, a top plate higher than a predetermined height, and a second block wall. Under normal weather conditions, roller compacted concrete supports a road below the top of the bank for traffic traveling along the bank. In extreme weather conditions, traffic is evacuated, making the entire space in open channels and roller compacted concrete available for water transport.

To increase the depth of the open channel, a downward wall extension may be added below the second wall. To avoid water and soil loss to the bank above the roof, a section of wall may be extended upward from the bank side wall (i.e., the first wall). Furthermore, the crushed concrete panels may be extended laterally to provide a wide surface or to increase stability.

In one arrangement, the RCC receives sewage from a sewer buried adjacent to it and normally delivers the sewage. In another arrangement, the water inside the roller compacted concrete is balanced with the water in the open channel.

In a preferred embodiment, the rails are anchored to the roof for passenger train service below the top of the river bank. During construction, the installed track can be used to transport earth and roller compacted concrete sections. During operation, these train services can avoid traffic interfering with normal traffic on the metro streets. The railway is along the bank and any sediment or debris can be easily removed.

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a drainage system with sufficient transport capacity.

It is another object of the present invention to utilize the space of the super drain system for traffic in normal weather conditions to alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas.

It is another object of the invention to protect the earth embankments from erosion and collapse and to minimize maintenance.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a plurality of side-by-side channels for separating dirty water from stormwater to preserve fresh water resources.

It is another object of the present invention to provide roads/pathways, greenbelts and clean water for leisure activities around open waterways in urban areas.

Drawings

The super drain system, method and advantages of the present invention may be better understood by reference to the drawings, in which:

fig. 1 shows a prior art double-bank open channel and riverbed.

Figure 2 is a first embodiment of the invention with the RCC remaining on both banks.

Fig. 3 is a second embodiment of the invention with roller compacted concrete held against both banks.

Fig. 4 is a third embodiment of the super drain system with deep riverbed.

FIG. 5 is a fourth embodiment of the super drain system in a spacious area.

FIG. 6 is a fifth embodiment of the super drain system in a confined space.

Fig. 7 is a detailed view of the top plate taken along line 7-7 of fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a cross-section taken along line 8-8 of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a variation of the top plate shown in fig. 8.

Detailed Description

Various terms are defined below. As used herein and in the claims, "superdrainage system" refers to a drainage system that is capable of handling large amounts of water without overflowing its river banks in extreme weather conditions, as well as providing road and service traffic at low water levels in normal weather conditions. The term "reinforced concrete conduit" is abbreviated RCC. It refers to a box-shaped duct with two walls and two plates. It has a quadrangular cross section including a trapezoid, a rectangle or a square. Roller compacted concrete is made of steel wire or fibre reinforced concrete. The RCC may be comprised of multiple RCC segments. The preferred length of each RCC segment is 1-5 m. The term "reinforced concrete conduit and extension" is abbreviated RCCE. It refers to a reinforced concrete conduit having wall extensions, slab extensions, or both. The extension may be aligned with the wall or panel or may be angled with respect to the wall or panel. The term "traffic" means that vehicles or persons travel along roads that are not immersed in water. Traffic includes trains, cars, buses, bicycles, pedestrians, etc. Trains include passenger trains (such as light rails, high speed trains, and commuter trains) and freight trains operating on railways.

As used herein and in the claims, the term "predetermined water level" refers to a water level predetermined by a designer, operator, or owner. When the water in the drainage system reaches a predetermined level, all traffic in the system is evacuated. Typically, this height is at the mid-elevation of the river bank or lower, leaving sufficient space for traffic above under normal weather conditions. The term "normal weather" refers to normal precipitation. During these events, the water remains below a predetermined level. It usually takes a large portion of the year (e.g., 350 days). The term "extreme weather" refers to heavy rain lasting hours or more, or rain lasting days, or excess water from snow melting due to unexpected warm temperatures. They raise the water in the drainage system above a predetermined level. This is an event with a low probability of occurrence (e.g., several times per year or less). The term "total space" refers to all cavities bounded by two banks, including any enclosed channels and open channels in a super drainage system, and the space below the top of a flood extending bank when present. The term "crosstie" refers to a crosstie, a beam of rectangular cross-section, laid beneath a rail. They tie two rails together to form a railway track. They transfer the load from the track to the two walls of the RCC.

Fig. 1 is a prior art diagram. The open channel 13 is bounded by two banks 11 and a bed 12 at a water level 14. The river bank 11 is a soil bank and is composed of river bank soil 10. Water flows by gravity along open channels from high to low altitudes. These banks typically have a gentle slope (e.g., 30 degrees or less) and are subject to erosion.

Fig. 2 is a first embodiment of the present invention, upgraded from the open channel of fig. 1. The first river bank 19 includes a soil slope 16 around the top, a soil terrace 17 at an intermediate elevation, and a first RCC 18 around the bottom. The floor 20 of the first RCC 18 is supported on the deep part of the bed 12, the first wall 21 (i.e. the bank side wall) is retaining the wall 10, the roof 22 is located near the mid-elevation of the first bank 19 and the second wall 23 is in contact with the water in the open channel 13. The roof 22 is preferably located 2-8 m below the top of the river bank so that there is sufficient space for vehicles to pass through the street bridge below. For example, for a train, at least 5 m of clearance is required between a street bridge (not shown) and the roof 22. Where there are no bridges or bridges above the bank, traffic on the roof 22 may extend up above the top of the bank. The roof panel 22 serves as a traffic road in most weather conditions.

As a variation, the second bank (right) is reserved by the second RCC 24 (low elevation) and the 25 th block (high elevation). The side openings 26 in the water side walls are at a lower elevation to equalize the water level 14 in the open channel 13 and the closed channel 29. The top opening 27 of the top plate allows air to freely enter and exit the enclosed channel 29 as the water level 14 changes. The railing 28 prevents people from falling into the water. The riverbed 12 can be protected against erosion by riprap or concrete matrix. In extreme weather conditions stormwater will flow through the enclosed channels and open channels 13. The super drain system of fig. 2 provides increased water delivery capacity without increasing the width and depth of the open channels as compared to the prior art natural river channel of fig. 1.

Alternatively, the second bank may be the same as the first bank 19. Alternatively, the open channel may have a first row 19 and a ground row 11 as shown in fig. 1. The earth embankments have common erosion control measures such as grass/vegetation, concrete matrix, concrete lining, blocks 25, retaining walls (56 in fig. 5), etc. Alternatively, the open channel may have any one of the banks shown in fig. 2 to 6.

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention in which each RCC has a vertical wall extension. The first RCCE 31 has an upwardly extending wall 32 extending to the top of the first (left) river bank. As a variation, a second river bank (right side) is retained by a second RCCE33, with downwardly extending walls 34. The ceiling 22 of the second RCCE33 is located at ground or street level to allow normal ground traffic, if desired. Below the floor 20, a sewer pipe 35 is fluidly connected to the open channel 13 for receiving water from a local storm sewage system. In this figure, the predetermined water level is set at a water level 14 of about 0.3 meters below the bottom plate 20 of the second RCCE 33. The roof of the first RCCE 31 is inclined 36 (e.g., 2%) toward the open channel for draining surface water to the open channel.

In this embodiment, both the upward and downward wall extensions retain the river bank with the first wall. This creates more space for transporting water. Along the first river bank, traffic travels on the roof of the first RCC 31. Along the second river bank, the floor 20 of the second RCCE33 travels within the enclosed passageway. In either case, the roller compacted concrete supports traffic roads, which are preferably located 2-8 meters below the top of the river bank. The figure shows an integral roller compacted concrete, preferably prefabricated. Alternatively, the lower wall extension 34 is cast separately from the Reinforced Concrete Conduit (RCC). The lower wall extension 34 is installed first, then the RCC is laid on top of the wall extension and an interlocking mechanism (e.g., pins and holes, not shown) is provided between the two extensions.

Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of the invention, where the bed is deeper and the water transport is increased by deepening the river/estuary. The first bank is retained by RCCE41 with a grass soil slope 46 on top. RCCE41 has both a lower wall extension 34 and an upper wall extension 45. The RCCE41 has partitions 42 inside and concrete corners having haunches 43. These haunches 43 are a standardized design of reinforced concrete box culverts that can be added to the RCC in other figures. The rails 44 are fixed to the top plate.

In this case, the closed channel 29 is sealed along its periphery. With both ends open, the RCC delivers water from upstream of its starting point to downstream of its finishing point (not shown), similar to a typical submerged RCC of the prior art. It can be used for conveying water with pressure and quick flow, such as pump. In other words, if the deepening or widening of the open channel is restricted, the transport capacity can also be increased by accelerating the water flow in the closed channel (i.e., RCC). Alternatively, four rails (i.e., two rails) may be mounted on the top panel of RCCE 41. Any previously installed track may be used to transport material during construction. Alternatively, two tracks are mounted within enclosed channel 29, separated by partition wall 42. Alternatively, the partition walls 42 may be replaced with columns spaced 1-3 meters apart.

As a variation, the second river bank is retained by the bottom RCCE 47 and the top RCC 48. Pins may be used to lock the water side walls of the top RCC 48 and the bank side walls of the bottom RCC 47 together. The sewer 35 is fluidly connected to the bottom RCCE 47. The top RCC 48 may support ground traffic on its roof and subways on its floor. A two-way gate 49 is installed in the water sidewall of the bottom RCCE 47 for flow control.

Fig. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention in a spacious area. To save page space, only half of the system is displayed. The main part of the river bank is retained by RCCE 51, the extended part by retaining walls 56, which are separated by flood plains 53. RCCE 51 has a downward wall extension 34 and a horizontal plate extension 52 extending from its floor for integration with the riparian soil. On the spacious flooding plains 53, there are fences 28, railings 44 and trees 57. Sanitary sewer 54 is fluidly connected to the closed channel of RCCE 51. A one-way door 58 is located in the second wall below the ceiling. The domestic sewage is preferably a closed channel, and the rainwater is preferably an open channel. When the rainwater in the open channel reaches the gate water level, the one-way gate 58 is pushed open, and the redundant rainwater enters the closed channel.

In normal weather, people (not shown) walk on road 55 supported by RCCE 51, and a commuter train 59 runs near the retaining wall 56. In addition, the flooding plains 53 can also be used for leisure activities. When extreme weather conditions are predicted and the water level rises to a predetermined level, the trains and personnel are evacuated 59 from the super drain system and the entire space is made available for water delivery. In this case, the flooding plains 53 resemble the wide steps 17 in fig. 2, and when the water level is higher than the RCCE 51, the space above the flooding plains 53 starts to deliver water.

As shown in fig. 2, the distance between the first and second roller compacted concretes 18 and 24 can be adjusted according to the design bearing capacity. For example, increasing the distance (i.e., widening) may increase the design capability. Instead, the first RCC 18 and the second RCC 24 are combined to a width that is as narrow as possible. Fig. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention comprising a closed channel through a confined space.

As shown in fig. 6, RCC 61 is located in an open channel with its floor supported on the river bed 12. The first wall 62 retains the lower portion of the first row 65 (i.e., below the step 17) while the retaining wall 64 retains the upper portion of the first row (i.e., above the step 17). The second wall 63 retains a lower portion of the second row 66. One-way doors 58 are provided on both walls of the RCC 61 above the No. 17 bench for receiving the water of the open channel. In normal weather, the water flow mainly flows in a closed river. Alternatively, the top plate has an opening or inlet.

The crossties 67 are embedded in the top plate of the RCC 61. Four rails 68 are anchored to the crosstie 67. Alternatively, two rails (i.e., one rail) are mounted on the top plate of the RCC 61, thereby minimizing the width of the open channel (e.g., 5 meters). Two rails are anchored to the bottom plate of the RCC 61 as plate rails. Alternatively, the driver, cyclist or person uses the roof of the RCC 61 as a road. In this figure, the water level reaches a maximum level 69 in extreme weather conditions.

As shown in fig. 2-6, the super drain system includes roller compacted concrete in open channels (i.e., closed channels). The RCC includes a communication element for fluid communication between the RCC and the open channel. These communication elements include an opening 26 in the RCC wall or panel, a bi-directional door 49 in the second wall, and a unidirectional door 58 in the second wall. They regulate the water level in the superdrainage system and ensure that the road supported by the RCC is not submerged and that the empty drainage space above the road is safe for traffic in normal weather conditions. Thus, the superdrainage system is configured to control floods in extreme weather conditions and provide a road for traffic in normal weather conditions.

Figure 7 shows details of the rail anchorage along the line 7-7 in figure 4. The rail 73 is secured to the crosstie 72 with embedded studs 74, clips 75 and nuts 76. Between the rail 73 and the sleeper 72 there is a rubber pad 77 for noise reduction and increased flexibility. The crossties 72 are embedded in the top plate 71. The roof 71 is cast with the second wall 78.

Fig. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of line 8-8 of fig. 7. The two top plates 71 are joined together and sealed to the male internally threaded ends of two adjacent RCC segments with rubber gaskets 81. Studs 74 are embedded in crossties 72. Alternatively, internally threaded locating pins may be embedded in the top plate and screws used to secure the rails to the top plate. Alternatively, the top plate 71 is a hollow plate. Alternatively, the top plate 71 is a T-shaped plate placed upside down. Alternatively, the top plate 71 is a solid plate.

Underground reinforced concrete box culverts are widely used for drainage. Common seals at joints include elastomeric tubes/strips, rubber gasket rings, and the like. These seals are readily commercially available and will not be described here for simplicity. The roller compacted concrete or roller compacted concrete is preferably prefabricated in sections, each section having a length of 2-3 metres and having a male end and a female end. The RCC is formed by inserting the outer end of an RCC segment into the inner end of an adjacent RCC segment and extends continuously along the bank of the open channel.

Fig. 9 is a variation of the detail in fig. 7. In contrast to the unitary structure of fig. 2-7, each RCC segment may be prefabricated in two parts for ease of transport and handling. For example, the RCC section is divided into a U and a ceiling 91. The second wall 92 has a recess in the top and the top plate 91 has a key 93 and grout on the bottom to allow quick installation of the top plate 91 to the U in the field. A plate extension 94 extends from the top plate 91 and is integrally molded with the top plate 91.

Alternatively, metal pins can be used to lock the top plate to both walls of the U through pre-made holes. Alternatively, the locating pin can be pre-buried in the roof and inserted into the prefabricated hole at the top of the U. Preferably, the top plate 71 and the crossties 72 are pre-cast as a single piece. In addition, the crossties are separately prefabricated and anchored to the roof during construction. As shown in fig. 6, these ties transfer traffic loads to a first wall 62 and a second wall 63.

A method of establishing a drainage system configured to control flooding during periods of extreme precipitation and to provide a road for traffic during normal weather conditions. Including repeatedly inserting the outer ends of RCC sections into the inner ends of adjacent RCC sections and forming Reinforced Concrete Conduits (RCCs) in the open channels. The roller compacted concrete has a bottom plate supported on the bed of a river, a bank side wall retaining wall soil, and a top plate higher than a predetermined height. RCC supports roads that travel along the bank of a river under normal weather conditions.

A method of alleviating urban traffic congestion includes servicing traffic on roads within a drainage system under normal weather conditions. The road is located 2-8 meters below the top of the bank on the roller compacted concrete top plate or bottom plate. Passenger trains are preferred because they are environmentally friendly. In extreme weather conditions, traffic is evacuated from the system. Closed channels and open channels in roller compacted concrete can transport large amounts of water.

Claims (1)

1. A drainage system and flood control method configured to control floods during extreme weather, including traffic routes during normal weather, the system comprising: a) an open channel having a first bank, a second bank, and a bed; b) reinforced Concrete Conduit (RCC); said RCC having a floor supported on said river bed, a first wall for retaining said first bank, a roof above a predetermined height, and a second wall and said RCC, further comprising a plurality of RCC segments, each said RCC segment having a male end and a female end; c) an opening in the RCC for communicating with the open channel; wherein the RCC supports the road below the top of the first bank, and the traffic travels on the road along the first bank under normal weather.

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